Improve macro hygiene

This commit improves hygiene and formatting of macro definitions
throughout the library. Specifically:
- It adds brackets around parameters to avoid unintended
  interpretation of arguments, e.g. due to operator precedence.
- It adds uses of the `do { ... } while( 0 )` idiom for macros that
  can be used as commands.
diff --git a/programs/test/benchmark.c b/programs/test/benchmark.c
index 8d7ecf7..e31faaf 100644
--- a/programs/test/benchmark.c
+++ b/programs/test/benchmark.c
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 
 #define MEMORY_MEASURE_PRINT( title_len )                               \
     mbedtls_memory_buffer_alloc_max_get( &max_used, &max_blocks );      \
-    for( ii = 12 - title_len; ii != 0; ii-- ) mbedtls_printf( " " );    \
+    for( ii = 12 - (title_len); ii != 0; ii-- ) mbedtls_printf( " " );  \
     max_used -= prv_used;                                               \
     max_blocks -= prv_blocks;                                           \
     max_bytes = max_used + MEM_BLOCK_OVERHEAD * max_blocks;             \