Add invalid `padding_len` check in `get_pkcs_padding`

When trying to decrypt data with an invalid key, we found that `mbedtls`
returned `0x6200` (`-25088`), which means "_CIPHER - Input data contains
invalid padding and is rejected_" from `mbedtls_cipher_finish`, but it also
set the output len as `18446744073709551516`.

In case we detect an error with padding, we leave the output len zero'ed
and return `MBEDTLS_ERR_CIPHER_INVALID_PADDING`.

Here's a reference for the way `openssl` checks the padding length:
  - https://github.com/openssl/openssl/blob/1848c561ec39a9ea91ff1bf740a554be274f98b0/crypto/evp/evp_enc.c#L1023
  - https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/b554eef43b9ac5b92f590da6a120dbfd9ca0582e

So add a check ensuring output is set to the least-harmful value in the
error cases.

With the robustness fix:
`PASSED (125 suites, 26644 tests run)`

Without the robustness fix:
`FAILED (125 suites, 26644 tests run)`

Signed-off-by: Andre Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andre Goddard Rosa <agoddardrosa@roku.com>
diff --git a/library/cipher.c b/library/cipher.c
index 0683677..7f4c121 100644
--- a/library/cipher.c
+++ b/library/cipher.c
@@ -849,6 +849,9 @@
     }
 
     padding_len = input[input_len - 1];
+    if (padding_len == 0 || padding_len > input_len) {
+        return MBEDTLS_ERR_CIPHER_INVALID_PADDING;
+    }
     *data_len = input_len - padding_len;
 
     mbedtls_ct_condition_t bad = mbedtls_ct_uint_gt(padding_len, input_len);