diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 372bd85..5f7d0d8 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -228,13 +228,13 @@
             COMMAND mv DartConfiguration.tcl.bak DartConfiguration.tcl
         )
     endif(UNIX)
-endif()
 
-# Make scripts needed for testing available in an out-of-source build.
-if (NOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} STREQUAL ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
-    link_to_source(scripts)
-    # Copy (don't link) DartConfiguration.tcl, needed for memcheck, to
-    # keep things simple with the sed commands in the memcheck target.
-    configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/DartConfiguration.tcl
-                   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/DartConfiguration.tcl COPYONLY)
+    # Make scripts needed for testing available in an out-of-source build.
+    if (NOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} STREQUAL ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
+        link_to_source(scripts)
+        # Copy (don't link) DartConfiguration.tcl, needed for memcheck, to
+        # keep things simple with the sed commands in the memcheck target.
+        configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/DartConfiguration.tcl
+                    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/DartConfiguration.tcl COPYONLY)
+    endif()
 endif()
diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index f2e2e04..cec77d2 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
      for the parameter.
    * Add a check for MBEDTLS_X509_CRL_PARSE_C in ssl_server2, guarding the crl
      sni entry parameter. Reported by inestlerode in #560.
+   * Add DER-encoded test CRTs to library/certs.c, allowing
+     the example programs ssl_server2 and ssl_client2 to be run
+     if MBEDTLS_FS_IO and MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C are unset. Fixes #2254.
    * Fix missing bounds checks in X.509 parsing functions that could
      lead to successful parsing of ill-formed X.509 CRTs. Fixes #2437.
    * Fix multiple X.509 functions previously returning ASN.1 low-level error
diff --git a/include/CMakeLists.txt b/include/CMakeLists.txt
index 1b581a5..c2f2bd4 100644
--- a/include/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/include/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@
 endif(INSTALL_MBEDTLS_HEADERS)
 
 # Make config.h available in an out-of-source build. ssl-opt.sh requires it.
-if (NOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} STREQUAL ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
+if (ENABLE_TESTING AND NOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} STREQUAL ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
     link_to_source(mbedtls)
 endif()
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/certs.h b/include/mbedtls/certs.h
index b7c5708..179ebbb 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/certs.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/certs.h
@@ -36,68 +36,214 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+/* List of all PEM-encoded CA certificates, terminated by NULL;
+ * PEM encoded if MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C is enabled, DER encoded
+ * otherwise. */
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cas[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_len[];
+
+/* List of all DER-encoded CA certificates, terminated by NULL */
+extern const unsigned char * mbedtls_test_cas_der[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_der_len[];
+
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
 /* Concatenation of all CA certificates in PEM format if available */
 extern const char   mbedtls_test_cas_pem[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_pem_len;
-#endif
-
-/* List of all CA certificates, terminated by NULL */
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_cas[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_len[];
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
 
 /*
- * Convenience for users who just want a certificate:
- * RSA by default, or ECDSA if RSA is not available
+ * CA test certificates
  */
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_crt;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_key;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_pwd;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_crt;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_key;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_crt;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_key;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len;
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[];
+
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len;
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between PEM and DER encoding
+ * (PEM if enabled, otherwise DER) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256[];
+
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len;
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between SHA-1 and SHA-256
+ * (SHA-256 if enabled, otherwise SHA-1) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between EC and RSA
+ * (RSA if enabled, otherwise EC) */
+
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_crt;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_key;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_pwd;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len;
+
+/*
+ * Server test certificates
+ */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[];
+
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len;
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between PEM and DER encoding
+ * (PEM if enabled, otherwise DER) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_len;
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between SHA-1 and SHA-256
+ * (SHA-256 if enabled, otherwise SHA-1) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between EC and RSA
+ * (RSA if enabled, otherwise EC) */
+
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_crt;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_key;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_pwd;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_len;
+
+/*
+ * Client test certificates
+ */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem[];
+
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem_len;
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between PEM and DER encoding
+ * (PEM if enabled, otherwise DER) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_len;
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_len;
-#endif
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between EC and RSA
+ * (RSA if enabled, otherwise EC) */
+
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_crt;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_key;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_pwd;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_len;
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/library/certs.c b/library/certs.c
index b54ff61..b07fd8a 100644
--- a/library/certs.c
+++ b/library/certs.c
@@ -29,358 +29,1673 @@
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_CERTS_C)
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC                                                  \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                       \
-"MIICUjCCAdegAwIBAgIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoGCCqGSM49BAMCMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n"  \
-"Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n"  \
-"QyBDQTAeFw0xMzA5MjQxNTQ5NDhaFw0yMzA5MjIxNTQ5NDhaMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n"  \
-"Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n"  \
-"QyBDQTB2MBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiA2IABMPaKzRBN1gvh1b+/Im6KUNLTuBu\r\n"  \
-"ww5XUzM5WNRStJGVOQsj318XJGJI/BqVKc4sLYfCiFKAr9ZqqyHduNMcbli4yuiy\r\n"  \
-"aY7zQa0pw7RfdadHb9UZKVVpmlM7ILRmFmAzHqOBoDCBnTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUnW0g\r\n"  \
-"JEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnwwbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7\r\n"  \
-"NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UE\r\n"  \
-"AxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8w\r\n"  \
-"CgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDaQAwZgIxAMO0YnNWKJUAfXgSJtJxexn4ipg+kv4znuR50v56\r\n"  \
-"t4d0PCu412mUC6Nnd7izvtE2MgIxAP1nnJQjZ8BWukszFQDG48wxCCyci9qpdSMv\r\n"  \
-"uCjn8pwUOkABXK8Mss90fzCfCEOtIA==\r\n"                                  \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[] = TEST_CA_CRT_EC;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec );
+/*
+ * Test CA Certificates
+ *
+ * We define test CA certificates for each choice of the following parameters:
+ * - PEM or DER encoding
+ * - SHA-1 or SHA-256 hash
+ * - RSA or EC key
+ *
+ * Things to add:
+ * - multiple EC curve types
+ *
+ */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"
-"DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,307EAB469933D64E\r\n"
-"\r\n"
-"IxbrRmKcAzctJqPdTQLA4SWyBYYGYJVkYEna+F7Pa5t5Yg/gKADrFKcm6B72e7DG\r\n"
-"ihExtZI648s0zdYw6qSJ74vrPSuWDe5qm93BqsfVH9svtCzWHW0pm1p0KTBCFfUq\r\n"
-"UsuWTITwJImcnlAs1gaRZ3sAWm7cOUidL0fo2G0fYUFNcYoCSLffCFTEHBuPnagb\r\n"
-"a77x/sY1Bvii8S9/XhDTb6pTMx06wzrm\r\n"
-"-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM                                                 \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIICUjCCAdegAwIBAgIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoGCCqGSM49BAMCMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n" \
+    "Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n" \
+    "QyBDQTAeFw0xMzA5MjQxNTQ5NDhaFw0yMzA5MjIxNTQ5NDhaMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n" \
+    "Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n" \
+    "QyBDQTB2MBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiA2IABMPaKzRBN1gvh1b+/Im6KUNLTuBu\r\n" \
+    "ww5XUzM5WNRStJGVOQsj318XJGJI/BqVKc4sLYfCiFKAr9ZqqyHduNMcbli4yuiy\r\n" \
+    "aY7zQa0pw7RfdadHb9UZKVVpmlM7ILRmFmAzHqOBoDCBnTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUnW0g\r\n" \
+    "JEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnwwbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7\r\n" \
+    "NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UE\r\n" \
+    "AxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8w\r\n" \
+    "CgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDaQAwZgIxAMO0YnNWKJUAfXgSJtJxexn4ipg+kv4znuR50v56\r\n" \
+    "t4d0PCu412mUC6Nnd7izvtE2MgIxAP1nnJQjZ8BWukszFQDG48wxCCyci9qpdSMv\r\n" \
+    "uCjn8pwUOkABXK8Mss90fzCfCEOtIA==\r\n"                                 \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[] = "PolarSSLTest";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CA_CRT_EC_DER tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt.der */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC_DER {                                                 \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x52, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0xd7, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8,  \
+    0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02,  \
+    0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13,  \
+    0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a,  \
+    0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c,  \
+    0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45,  \
+    0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x31, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39,  \
+    0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x35, 0x34, 0x39, 0x34, 0x38, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32,  \
+    0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x32, 0x31, 0x35, 0x34, 0x39, 0x34, 0x38, 0x5a,  \
+    0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13,  \
+    0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a,  \
+    0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c,  \
+    0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45,  \
+    0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x76, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x86,  \
+    0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x05, 0x2b, 0x81, 0x04, 0x00, 0x22,  \
+    0x03, 0x62, 0x00, 0x04, 0xc3, 0xda, 0x2b, 0x34, 0x41, 0x37, 0x58, 0x2f,  \
+    0x87, 0x56, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0x89, 0xba, 0x29, 0x43, 0x4b, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0x6e,  \
+    0xc3, 0x0e, 0x57, 0x53, 0x33, 0x39, 0x58, 0xd4, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x91, 0x95,  \
+    0x39, 0x0b, 0x23, 0xdf, 0x5f, 0x17, 0x24, 0x62, 0x48, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0x95,  \
+    0x29, 0xce, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x87, 0xc2, 0x88, 0x52, 0x80, 0xaf, 0xd6, 0x6a,  \
+    0xab, 0x21, 0xdd, 0xb8, 0xd3, 0x1c, 0x6e, 0x58, 0xb8, 0xca, 0xe8, 0xb2,  \
+    0x69, 0x8e, 0xf3, 0x41, 0xad, 0x29, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0x5f, 0x75, 0xa7, 0x47,  \
+    0x6f, 0xd5, 0x19, 0x29, 0x55, 0x69, 0x9a, 0x53, 0x3b, 0x20, 0xb4, 0x66,  \
+    0x16, 0x60, 0x33, 0x1e, 0xa3, 0x81, 0xa0, 0x30, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x1d,  \
+    0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20,  \
+    0x24, 0x49, 0x01, 0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24,  \
+    0xc9, 0xdb, 0xfb, 0x36, 0x7c, 0x30, 0x6e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23,  \
+    0x04, 0x67, 0x30, 0x65, 0x80, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x24, 0x49, 0x01,  \
+    0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24, 0xc9, 0xdb, 0xfb,  \
+    0x36, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0xa4, 0x40, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09,  \
+    0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30,  \
+    0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61,  \
+    0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,  \
+    0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20,  \
+    0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x82, 0x09,  \
+    0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x05, 0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30,  \
+    0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x03,  \
+    0x69, 0x00, 0x30, 0x66, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0x62, 0x73, 0x56,  \
+    0x28, 0x95, 0x00, 0x7d, 0x78, 0x12, 0x26, 0xd2, 0x71, 0x7b, 0x19, 0xf8,  \
+    0x8a, 0x98, 0x3e, 0x92, 0xfe, 0x33, 0x9e, 0xe4, 0x79, 0xd2, 0xfe, 0x7a,  \
+    0xb7, 0x87, 0x74, 0x3c, 0x2b, 0xb8, 0xd7, 0x69, 0x94, 0x0b, 0xa3, 0x67,  \
+    0x77, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0xbe, 0xd1, 0x36, 0x32, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0xfd, 0x67,  \
+    0x9c, 0x94, 0x23, 0x67, 0xc0, 0x56, 0xba, 0x4b, 0x33, 0x15, 0x00, 0xc6,  \
+    0xe3, 0xcc, 0x31, 0x08, 0x2c, 0x9c, 0x8b, 0xda, 0xa9, 0x75, 0x23, 0x2f,  \
+    0xb8, 0x28, 0xe7, 0xf2, 0x9c, 0x14, 0x3a, 0x40, 0x01, 0x5c, 0xaf, 0x0c,  \
+    0xb2, 0xcf, 0x74, 0x7f, 0x30, 0x9f, 0x08, 0x43, 0xad, 0x20               \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-"MIICHzCCAaWgAwIBAgIBCTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"
-"MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEG\r\n"
-"CCqGSM49AwEHA0IABDfMVtl2CR5acj7HWS3/IG7ufPkGkXTQrRS192giWWKSTuUA\r\n"
-"2CMR/+ov0jRdXRa9iojCa3cNVc2KKg76Aci07f+jgZ0wgZowCQYDVR0TBAIwADAd\r\n"
-"BgNVHQ4EFgQUUGGlj9QH2deCAQzlZX+MY0anE74wbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkB\r\n"
-"PyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xh\r\n"
-"clNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoG\r\n"
-"CCqGSM49BAMCA2gAMGUCMQCaLFzXptui5WQN8LlO3ddh1hMxx6tzgLvT03MTVK2S\r\n"
-"C12r0Lz3ri/moSEpNZWqPjkCMCE2f53GXcYLqyfyJR078c/xNSUU5+Xxl7VZ414V\r\n"
-"fGa5kHvHARBPc8YAIVIqDvHH1Q==\r\n"
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.enc */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CA_KEY_EC_PEM tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.enc */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC_PEM                                                 \
+    "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"                                           \
+    "DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,307EAB469933D64E\r\n"                          \
+    "\r\n"                                                                 \
+    "IxbrRmKcAzctJqPdTQLA4SWyBYYGYJVkYEna+F7Pa5t5Yg/gKADrFKcm6B72e7DG\r\n" \
+    "ihExtZI648s0zdYw6qSJ74vrPSuWDe5qm93BqsfVH9svtCzWHW0pm1p0KTBCFfUq\r\n" \
+    "UsuWTITwJImcnlAs1gaRZ3sAWm7cOUidL0fo2G0fYUFNcYoCSLffCFTEHBuPnagb\r\n" \
+    "a77x/sY1Bvii8S9/XhDTb6pTMx06wzrm\r\n"                                 \
+    "-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MHcCAQEEIPEqEyB2AnCoPL/9U/YDHvdqXYbIogTywwyp6/UfDw6noAoGCCqGSM49\r\n"
-"AwEHoUQDQgAEN8xW2XYJHlpyPsdZLf8gbu58+QaRdNCtFLX3aCJZYpJO5QDYIxH/\r\n"
-"6i/SNF1dFr2KiMJrdw1VzYoqDvoByLTt/w==\r\n"
-"-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec );
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_EC_PEM "PolarSSLTest"
 
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-"MIICLDCCAbKgAwIBAgIBDTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"
-"MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjBBMQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHzAdBgNVBAMTFlBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ2xpZW50IDIw\r\n"
-"WTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAARX5a6xc9/TrLuTuIH/Eq7u5lOszlVT\r\n"
-"9jQOzC7jYyUL35ji81xgNpbA1RgUcOV/n9VLRRjlsGzVXPiWj4dwo+THo4GdMIGa\r\n"
-"MAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFHoAX4Zk/OBd5REQO7LmO8QmP8/iMG4GA1Ud\r\n"
-"IwRnMGWAFJ1tICRJAT8ry3i1Gbx+JMnb+zZ8oUKkQDA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"
-"MA8GA1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0GC\r\n"
-"CQDBQ+J+YkPM6DAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNoADBlAjBKZQ17IIOimbmoD/yN7o89u3BM\r\n"
-"lgOsjnhw3fIOoLIWy2WOGsk/LGF++DzvrRzuNiACMQCd8iem1XS4JK7haj8xocpU\r\n"
-"LwjQje5PDGHfd3h9tP38Qknu5bJqws0md2KOKHyeV0U=\r\n"
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec );
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CA_KEY_EC_DER tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.der */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC_DER {                                                 \
+    0x30, 0x81, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x30, 0x83, 0xd9, 0x15, 0x0e,  \
+    0xa0, 0x71, 0xf0, 0x57, 0x10, 0x33, 0xa3, 0x38, 0xb8, 0x86, 0xc1, 0xa6,  \
+    0x11, 0x5d, 0x6d, 0xb4, 0x03, 0xe1, 0x29, 0x76, 0x45, 0xd7, 0x87, 0x6f,  \
+    0x23, 0xab, 0x44, 0x20, 0xea, 0x64, 0x7b, 0x85, 0xb1, 0x76, 0xe7, 0x85,  \
+    0x95, 0xaa, 0x74, 0xd6, 0xd1, 0xa4, 0x5e, 0xea, 0xa0, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05,  \
+    0x2b, 0x81, 0x04, 0x00, 0x22, 0xa1, 0x64, 0x03, 0x62, 0x00, 0x04, 0xc3,  \
+    0xda, 0x2b, 0x34, 0x41, 0x37, 0x58, 0x2f, 0x87, 0x56, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0x89,  \
+    0xba, 0x29, 0x43, 0x4b, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0x6e, 0xc3, 0x0e, 0x57, 0x53, 0x33,  \
+    0x39, 0x58, 0xd4, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x91, 0x95, 0x39, 0x0b, 0x23, 0xdf, 0x5f,  \
+    0x17, 0x24, 0x62, 0x48, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0x95, 0x29, 0xce, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x87,  \
+    0xc2, 0x88, 0x52, 0x80, 0xaf, 0xd6, 0x6a, 0xab, 0x21, 0xdd, 0xb8, 0xd3,  \
+    0x1c, 0x6e, 0x58, 0xb8, 0xca, 0xe8, 0xb2, 0x69, 0x8e, 0xf3, 0x41, 0xad,  \
+    0x29, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0x5f, 0x75, 0xa7, 0x47, 0x6f, 0xd5, 0x19, 0x29, 0x55,  \
+    0x69, 0x9a, 0x53, 0x3b, 0x20, 0xb4, 0x66, 0x16, 0x60, 0x33, 0x1e         \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MHcCAQEEIPb3hmTxZ3/mZI3vyk7p3U3wBf+WIop6hDhkFzJhmLcqoAoGCCqGSM49\r\n"
-"AwEHoUQDQgAEV+WusXPf06y7k7iB/xKu7uZTrM5VU/Y0Dswu42MlC9+Y4vNcYDaW\r\n"
-"wNUYFHDlf5/VS0UY5bBs1Vz4lo+HcKPkxw==\r\n"
-"-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec );
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM                                         \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIIDQTCCAimgAwIBAgIBAzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n" \
+    "CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n" \
+    "mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n" \
+    "50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n" \
+    "YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n" \
+    "R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n" \
+    "KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n" \
+    "UDBOMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/\r\n" \
+    "MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUA\r\n" \
+    "A4IBAQB2W2dIy4q4KysbrTL4HIaOqu62RceGuQ/KhyiI6O0ndCtQ/PgCBqHHTP8u\r\n" \
+    "8F1X2ivb60ynHV6baMLPI4Kf1k4MONtLSf/++1qh0Gdycd3A8IDAfy0YnC1F3OPK\r\n" \
+    "vWO/cZGitKoTbEpP4y4Rng3sFCDndRCWIRIDOEEW/H3lCcfL7sOQojdLl85ajFkh\r\n" \
+    "YvcDqjmnTcspUnuq9Y00C7porXJthZwz1S18qVjcFNk0zEhVMUbupSrdXVmKtOJW\r\n" \
+    "MWZjgcA+OXzcnb2hSKWbhjykH/u6/PqkuHPkD723rwXbmHdxRVS9CW57kDkn5ezJ\r\n" \
+    "5pE6Sam4qFsCNFJNBV9FRf3ZBMFi\r\n"                                     \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256                                          \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                       \
-"MIIDhzCCAm+gAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"  \
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"  \
-"MTcwNTA0MTY1NzAxWhcNMjcwNTA1MTY1NzAxWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"  \
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n"  \
-"CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n"  \
-"mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n"  \
-"50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n"  \
-"YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n"  \
-"R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n"  \
-"KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n"  \
-"gZUwgZIwHQYDVR0OBBYEFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/MGMGA1UdIwRcMFqA\r\n"  \
-"FLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/oT+kPTA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8GA1UE\r\n"  \
-"CgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0GCAQAwDAYDVR0T\r\n"  \
-"BAUwAwEB/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAHK/HHrTZMnnVMpde1io+voAtql7j\r\n"  \
-"4sRhLrjD7o3THtwRbDa2diCvpq0Sq23Ng2LMYoXsOxoL/RQK3iN7UKxV3MKPEr0w\r\n"  \
-"XQS+kKQqiT2bsfrjnWMVHZtUOMpm6FNqcdGm/Rss3vKda2lcKl8kUnq/ylc1+QbB\r\n"  \
-"G6A6tUvQcr2ZyWfVg+mM5XkhTrOOXus2OLikb4WwEtJTJRNE0f+yPODSUz0/vT57\r\n"  \
-"ApH0CnB80bYJshYHPHHymOtleAB8KSYtqm75g/YNobjnjB6cm4HkW3OZRVIl6fYY\r\n"  \
-"n20NRVA1Vjs6GAROr4NqW4k/+LofY9y0LLDE+p0oIEKXIsIvhPr39swxSA==\r\n"      \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt.der
+ * using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt.der */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER {                                         \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x29, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,  \
+    0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30,  \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11,  \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c,  \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d,  \
+    0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x30,  \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34,  \
+    0x34, 0x30, 0x30, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c,  \
+    0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65,  \
+    0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06,  \
+    0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00,  \
+    0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01,  \
+    0x01, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xdf, 0x37, 0xfc, 0x17, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x96, 0x9d, 0x3f,  \
+    0x86, 0xde, 0x96, 0x32, 0x7d, 0x44, 0xa5, 0x16, 0xa0, 0xcd, 0x21, 0xf1,  \
+    0x99, 0xd4, 0xec, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x58, 0x08, 0x94, 0xa5, 0xec,  \
+    0x9b, 0xc5, 0x8b, 0xdf, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x38, 0x99, 0x87, 0x1e, 0x7b,  \
+    0xc0, 0x8d, 0x39, 0xdf, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x78, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x9e, 0xd9,  \
+    0x93, 0xe8, 0xb9, 0x72, 0x51, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xa3, 0x30, 0x52, 0xa9, 0xf2,  \
+    0xe7, 0x40, 0x70, 0x14, 0xcb, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0xe5, 0x40,  \
+    0xf9, 0x3e, 0xe5, 0xa6, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0xf9, 0xec, 0x4a, 0x63, 0xc0, 0xb8,  \
+    0x29, 0x00, 0x74, 0x9c, 0x57, 0x3b, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0x04, 0x90, 0x71, 0xf1,  \
+    0xbd, 0x83, 0xd9, 0x3f, 0xd6, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0xef, 0x27,  \
+    0x60, 0xc3, 0xc6, 0x9f, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xec, 0x60, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0xe6, 0x84,  \
+    0x32, 0xbe, 0x4f, 0xfb, 0x58, 0x26, 0x22, 0x03, 0x5b, 0xd4, 0xb4, 0xd5,  \
+    0xfb, 0xf5, 0xe3, 0x96, 0x2e, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0xfc, 0x2e,  \
+    0xee, 0xe2, 0x41, 0x55, 0xc0, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x24, 0x72, 0x69, 0xcb,  \
+    0x47, 0xb1, 0x14, 0x40, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x31, 0xab,  \
+    0xf1, 0x79, 0xa4, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0x2e, 0x12, 0xf9, 0x84, 0x17, 0xf0, 0x62,  \
+    0x6f, 0x27, 0x3e, 0x13, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x54, 0x0d, 0x21, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x37,  \
+    0xa1, 0x30, 0xcf, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xdc, 0xf6, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0xac, 0xdb, 0x2e,  \
+    0x28, 0xd1, 0x7e, 0x02, 0x4b, 0x23, 0xa0, 0x15, 0xf2, 0x38, 0x65, 0x64,  \
+    0x09, 0xea, 0x0c, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0x1b, 0x17, 0xa0, 0x71, 0xc8, 0xb3, 0x9b,  \
+    0xc9, 0xab, 0xe9, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0x87, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x80, 0x02, 0x32,  \
+    0x9e, 0x99, 0x58, 0x6f, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3,  \
+    0x50, 0x30, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x05,  \
+    0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e,  \
+    0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52,  \
+    0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff,  \
+    0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80,  \
+    0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5,  \
+    0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06,  \
+    0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00,  \
+    0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x76, 0x5b, 0x67, 0x48, 0xcb, 0x8a, 0xb8,  \
+    0x2b, 0x2b, 0x1b, 0xad, 0x32, 0xf8, 0x1c, 0x86, 0x8e, 0xaa, 0xee, 0xb6,  \
+    0x45, 0xc7, 0x86, 0xb9, 0x0f, 0xca, 0x87, 0x28, 0x88, 0xe8, 0xed, 0x27,  \
+    0x74, 0x2b, 0x50, 0xfc, 0xf8, 0x02, 0x06, 0xa1, 0xc7, 0x4c, 0xff, 0x2e,  \
+    0xf0, 0x5d, 0x57, 0xda, 0x2b, 0xdb, 0xeb, 0x4c, 0xa7, 0x1d, 0x5e, 0x9b,  \
+    0x68, 0xc2, 0xcf, 0x23, 0x82, 0x9f, 0xd6, 0x4e, 0x0c, 0x38, 0xdb, 0x4b,  \
+    0x49, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xfb, 0x5a, 0xa1, 0xd0, 0x67, 0x72, 0x71, 0xdd, 0xc0,  \
+    0xf0, 0x80, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0x2d, 0x18, 0x9c, 0x2d, 0x45, 0xdc, 0xe3, 0xca,  \
+    0xbd, 0x63, 0xbf, 0x71, 0x91, 0xa2, 0xb4, 0xaa, 0x13, 0x6c, 0x4a, 0x4f,  \
+    0xe3, 0x2e, 0x11, 0x9e, 0x0d, 0xec, 0x14, 0x20, 0xe7, 0x75, 0x10, 0x96,  \
+    0x21, 0x12, 0x03, 0x38, 0x41, 0x16, 0xfc, 0x7d, 0xe5, 0x09, 0xc7, 0xcb,  \
+    0xee, 0xc3, 0x90, 0xa2, 0x37, 0x4b, 0x97, 0xce, 0x5a, 0x8c, 0x59, 0x21,  \
+    0x62, 0xf7, 0x03, 0xaa, 0x39, 0xa7, 0x4d, 0xcb, 0x29, 0x52, 0x7b, 0xaa,  \
+    0xf5, 0x8d, 0x34, 0x0b, 0xba, 0x68, 0xad, 0x72, 0x6d, 0x85, 0x9c, 0x33,  \
+    0xd5, 0x2d, 0x7c, 0xa9, 0x58, 0xdc, 0x14, 0xd9, 0x34, 0xcc, 0x48, 0x55,  \
+    0x31, 0x46, 0xee, 0xa5, 0x2a, 0xdd, 0x5d, 0x59, 0x8a, 0xb4, 0xe2, 0x56,  \
+    0x31, 0x66, 0x63, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x3e, 0x39, 0x7c, 0xdc, 0x9d, 0xbd, 0xa1,  \
+    0x48, 0xa5, 0x9b, 0x86, 0x3c, 0xa4, 0x1f, 0xfb, 0xba, 0xfc, 0xfa, 0xa4,  \
+    0xb8, 0x73, 0xe4, 0x0f, 0xbd, 0xb7, 0xaf, 0x05, 0xdb, 0x98, 0x77, 0x71,  \
+    0x45, 0x54, 0xbd, 0x09, 0x6e, 0x7b, 0x90, 0x39, 0x27, 0xe5, 0xec, 0xc9,  \
+    0xe6, 0x91, 0x3a, 0x49, 0xa9, 0xb8, 0xa8, 0x5b, 0x02, 0x34, 0x52, 0x4d,  \
+    0x05, 0x5f, 0x45, 0x45, 0xfd, 0xd9, 0x04, 0xc1, 0x62                     \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-static const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256[] = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
-const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM                                           \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIIDQTCCAimgAwIBAgIBAzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n" \
+    "CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n" \
+    "mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n" \
+    "50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n" \
+    "YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n" \
+    "R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n" \
+    "KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n" \
+    "UDBOMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/\r\n" \
+    "MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUA\r\n" \
+    "A4IBAQABE3OEPfEd/bcJW5ZdU3/VgPNS4tMzh8gnJP/V2FcvFtGylMpQq6YnEBYI\r\n" \
+    "yBHAL4DRvlMY5rnXGBp3ODR8MpqHC6AquRTCLzjS57iYff//4QFQqW9n92zctspv\r\n" \
+    "czkaPKgjqo1No3Uq0Xaz10rcxyTUPrf5wNVRZ2V0KvllvAAVSzbI4mpdUXztjhST\r\n" \
+    "S5A2BeWQAAOr0zq1F7TSRVJpJs7jmB2ai/igkh1IAjcuwV6VwlP+sbw0gjQ0NpGM\r\n" \
+    "iHpnlzRAi/tIbtOvMIGOBU2TIfax/5jq1agUx5aPmT5TWAiJPOOP6l5xXnDwxeYS\r\n" \
+    "NWqiX9GyusBZjezaCaHabjDLU0qQ\r\n"                                     \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-#if !defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME) || defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1                                            \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                       \
-"MIIDhzCCAm+gAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"  \
-"MA8GA1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMTEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"  \
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"  \
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMTEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n"  \
-"CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n"  \
-"mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n"  \
-"50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n"  \
-"YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n"  \
-"R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n"  \
-"KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n"  \
-"gZUwgZIwDAYDVR0TBAUwAwEB/zAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH\r\n"  \
-"/f8wYwYDVR0jBFwwWoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f+hP6Q9MDsxCzAJBgNV\r\n"  \
-"BAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEZMBcGA1UEAxMQUG9sYXJTU0wgVGVz\r\n"  \
-"dCBDQYIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAuP1U2ABUkIslsCfdlc2i94QHHYeJ\r\n"  \
-"SsR4EdgHtdciUI5I62J6Mom+Y0dT/7a+8S6MVMCZP6C5NyNyXw1GWY/YR82XTJ8H\r\n"  \
-"DBJiCTok5DbZ6SzaONBzdWHXwWwmi5vg1dxn7YxrM9d0IjxM27WNKs4sDQhZBQkF\r\n"  \
-"pjmfs2cb4oPl4Y9T9meTx/lvdkRYEug61Jfn6cA+qHpyPYdTH+UshITnmp5/Ztkf\r\n"  \
-"m/UTSLBNFNHesiTZeH31NcxYGdHSme9Nc/gfidRa0FLOCfWxRlFqAI47zG9jAQCZ\r\n"  \
-"7Z2mCGDNMhjQc+BYcdnl0lPXjdDK6V0qCg1dVewhUBcW5gZKzV7e9+DpVA==\r\n"      \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt.der. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt.der */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER {                                           \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x29, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,  \
+    0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30,  \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11,  \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c,  \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d,  \
+    0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x30,  \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34,  \
+    0x34, 0x30, 0x30, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c,  \
+    0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65,  \
+    0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06,  \
+    0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00,  \
+    0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01,  \
+    0x01, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xdf, 0x37, 0xfc, 0x17, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x96, 0x9d, 0x3f,  \
+    0x86, 0xde, 0x96, 0x32, 0x7d, 0x44, 0xa5, 0x16, 0xa0, 0xcd, 0x21, 0xf1,  \
+    0x99, 0xd4, 0xec, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x58, 0x08, 0x94, 0xa5, 0xec,  \
+    0x9b, 0xc5, 0x8b, 0xdf, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x38, 0x99, 0x87, 0x1e, 0x7b,  \
+    0xc0, 0x8d, 0x39, 0xdf, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x78, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x9e, 0xd9,  \
+    0x93, 0xe8, 0xb9, 0x72, 0x51, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xa3, 0x30, 0x52, 0xa9, 0xf2,  \
+    0xe7, 0x40, 0x70, 0x14, 0xcb, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0xe5, 0x40,  \
+    0xf9, 0x3e, 0xe5, 0xa6, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0xf9, 0xec, 0x4a, 0x63, 0xc0, 0xb8,  \
+    0x29, 0x00, 0x74, 0x9c, 0x57, 0x3b, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0x04, 0x90, 0x71, 0xf1,  \
+    0xbd, 0x83, 0xd9, 0x3f, 0xd6, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0xef, 0x27,  \
+    0x60, 0xc3, 0xc6, 0x9f, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xec, 0x60, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0xe6, 0x84,  \
+    0x32, 0xbe, 0x4f, 0xfb, 0x58, 0x26, 0x22, 0x03, 0x5b, 0xd4, 0xb4, 0xd5,  \
+    0xfb, 0xf5, 0xe3, 0x96, 0x2e, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0xfc, 0x2e,  \
+    0xee, 0xe2, 0x41, 0x55, 0xc0, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x24, 0x72, 0x69, 0xcb,  \
+    0x47, 0xb1, 0x14, 0x40, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x31, 0xab,  \
+    0xf1, 0x79, 0xa4, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0x2e, 0x12, 0xf9, 0x84, 0x17, 0xf0, 0x62,  \
+    0x6f, 0x27, 0x3e, 0x13, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x54, 0x0d, 0x21, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x37,  \
+    0xa1, 0x30, 0xcf, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xdc, 0xf6, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0xac, 0xdb, 0x2e,  \
+    0x28, 0xd1, 0x7e, 0x02, 0x4b, 0x23, 0xa0, 0x15, 0xf2, 0x38, 0x65, 0x64,  \
+    0x09, 0xea, 0x0c, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0x1b, 0x17, 0xa0, 0x71, 0xc8, 0xb3, 0x9b,  \
+    0xc9, 0xab, 0xe9, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0x87, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x80, 0x02, 0x32,  \
+    0x9e, 0x99, 0x58, 0x6f, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3,  \
+    0x50, 0x30, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x05,  \
+    0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e,  \
+    0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52,  \
+    0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff,  \
+    0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80,  \
+    0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5,  \
+    0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06,  \
+    0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00,  \
+    0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x13, 0x73, 0x84, 0x3d, 0xf1, 0x1d,  \
+    0xfd, 0xb7, 0x09, 0x5b, 0x96, 0x5d, 0x53, 0x7f, 0xd5, 0x80, 0xf3, 0x52,  \
+    0xe2, 0xd3, 0x33, 0x87, 0xc8, 0x27, 0x24, 0xff, 0xd5, 0xd8, 0x57, 0x2f,  \
+    0x16, 0xd1, 0xb2, 0x94, 0xca, 0x50, 0xab, 0xa6, 0x27, 0x10, 0x16, 0x08,  \
+    0xc8, 0x11, 0xc0, 0x2f, 0x80, 0xd1, 0xbe, 0x53, 0x18, 0xe6, 0xb9, 0xd7,  \
+    0x18, 0x1a, 0x77, 0x38, 0x34, 0x7c, 0x32, 0x9a, 0x87, 0x0b, 0xa0, 0x2a,  \
+    0xb9, 0x14, 0xc2, 0x2f, 0x38, 0xd2, 0xe7, 0xb8, 0x98, 0x7d, 0xff, 0xff,  \
+    0xe1, 0x01, 0x50, 0xa9, 0x6f, 0x67, 0xf7, 0x6c, 0xdc, 0xb6, 0xca, 0x6f,  \
+    0x73, 0x39, 0x1a, 0x3c, 0xa8, 0x23, 0xaa, 0x8d, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0x75, 0x2a,  \
+    0xd1, 0x76, 0xb3, 0xd7, 0x4a, 0xdc, 0xc7, 0x24, 0xd4, 0x3e, 0xb7, 0xf9,  \
+    0xc0, 0xd5, 0x51, 0x67, 0x65, 0x74, 0x2a, 0xf9, 0x65, 0xbc, 0x00, 0x15,  \
+    0x4b, 0x36, 0xc8, 0xe2, 0x6a, 0x5d, 0x51, 0x7c, 0xed, 0x8e, 0x14, 0x93,  \
+    0x4b, 0x90, 0x36, 0x05, 0xe5, 0x90, 0x00, 0x03, 0xab, 0xd3, 0x3a, 0xb5,  \
+    0x17, 0xb4, 0xd2, 0x45, 0x52, 0x69, 0x26, 0xce, 0xe3, 0x98, 0x1d, 0x9a,  \
+    0x8b, 0xf8, 0xa0, 0x92, 0x1d, 0x48, 0x02, 0x37, 0x2e, 0xc1, 0x5e, 0x95,  \
+    0xc2, 0x53, 0xfe, 0xb1, 0xbc, 0x34, 0x82, 0x34, 0x34, 0x36, 0x91, 0x8c,  \
+    0x88, 0x7a, 0x67, 0x97, 0x34, 0x40, 0x8b, 0xfb, 0x48, 0x6e, 0xd3, 0xaf,  \
+    0x30, 0x81, 0x8e, 0x05, 0x4d, 0x93, 0x21, 0xf6, 0xb1, 0xff, 0x98, 0xea,  \
+    0xd5, 0xa8, 0x14, 0xc7, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x99, 0x3e, 0x53, 0x58, 0x08, 0x89,  \
+    0x3c, 0xe3, 0x8f, 0xea, 0x5e, 0x71, 0x5e, 0x70, 0xf0, 0xc5, 0xe6, 0x12,  \
+    0x35, 0x6a, 0xa2, 0x5f, 0xd1, 0xb2, 0xba, 0xc0, 0x59, 0x8d, 0xec, 0xda,  \
+    0x09, 0xa1, 0xda, 0x6e, 0x30, 0xcb, 0x53, 0x4a, 0x90                     \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-static const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1[] = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca.key */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_PEM tests/data_files/test-ca.key */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                  \
+    "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"                                           \
+    "DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,A8A95B05D5B7206B\r\n"                          \
+    "\r\n"                                                                 \
+    "9Qd9GeArejl1GDVh2lLV1bHt0cPtfbh5h/5zVpAVaFpqtSPMrElp50Rntn9et+JA\r\n" \
+    "7VOyboR+Iy2t/HU4WvA687k3Bppe9GwKHjHhtl//8xFKwZr3Xb5yO5JUP8AUctQq\r\n" \
+    "Nb8CLlZyuUC+52REAAthdWgsX+7dJO4yabzUcQ22Tp9JSD0hiL43BlkWYUNK3dAo\r\n" \
+    "PZlmiptjnzVTjg1MxsBSydZinWOLBV8/JQgxSPo2yD4uEfig28qbvQ2wNIn0pnAb\r\n" \
+    "GxnSAOazkongEGfvcjIIs+LZN9gXFhxcOh6kc4Q/c99B7QWETwLLkYgZ+z1a9VY9\r\n" \
+    "gEU7CwCxYCD+h9hY6FPmsK0/lC4O7aeRKpYq00rPPxs6i7phiexg6ax6yTMmArQq\r\n" \
+    "QmK3TAsJm8V/J5AWpLEV6jAFgRGymGGHnof0DXzVWZidrcZJWTNuGEX90nB3ee2w\r\n" \
+    "PXJEFWKoD3K3aFcSLdHYr3mLGxP7H9ThQai9VsycxZKS5kwvBKQ//YMrmFfwPk8x\r\n" \
+    "vTeY4KZMaUrveEel5tWZC94RSMKgxR6cyE1nBXyTQnDOGbfpNNgBKxyKbINWoOJU\r\n" \
+    "WJZAwlsQn+QzCDwpri7+sV1mS3gBE6UY7aQmnmiiaC2V3Hbphxct/en5QsfDOt1X\r\n" \
+    "JczSfpRWLlbPznZg8OQh/VgCMA58N5DjOzTIK7sJJ5r+94ZBTCpgAMbF588f0NTR\r\n" \
+    "KCe4yrxGJR7X02M4nvD4IwOlpsQ8xQxZtOSgXv4LkxvdU9XJJKWZ/XNKJeWztxSe\r\n" \
+    "Z1vdTc2YfsDBA2SEv33vxHx2g1vqtw8SjDRT2RaQSS0QuSaMJimdOX6mTOCBKk1J\r\n" \
+    "9Q5mXTrER+/LnK0jEmXsBXWA5bqqVZIyahXSx4VYZ7l7w/PHiUDtDgyRhMMKi4n2\r\n" \
+    "iQvQcWSQTjrpnlJbca1/DkpRt3YwrvJwdqb8asZU2VrNETh5x0QVefDRLFiVpif/\r\n" \
+    "tUaeAe/P1F8OkS7OIZDs1SUbv/sD2vMbhNkUoCms3/PvNtdnvgL4F0zhaDpKCmlT\r\n" \
+    "P8vx49E7v5CyRNmED9zZg4o3wmMqrQO93PtTug3Eu9oVx1zPQM1NVMyBa2+f29DL\r\n" \
+    "1nuTCeXdo9+ni45xx+jAI4DCwrRdhJ9uzZyC6962H37H6D+5naNvClFR1s6li1Gb\r\n" \
+    "nqPoiy/OBsEx9CaDGcqQBp5Wme/3XW+6z1ISOx+igwNTVCT14mHdBMbya0eIKft5\r\n" \
+    "X+GnwtgEMyCYyyWuUct8g4RzErcY9+yW9Om5Hzpx4zOuW4NPZgPDTgK+t2RSL/Yq\r\n" \
+    "rE1njrgeGYcVeG3f+OftH4s6fPbq7t1A5ZgUscbLMBqr9tK+OqygR4EgKBPsH6Cz\r\n" \
+    "L6zlv/2RV0qAHvVuDJcIDIgwY5rJtINEm32rhOeFNJwZS5MNIC1czXZx5//ugX7l\r\n" \
+    "I4sy5nbVhwSjtAk8Xg5dZbdTZ6mIrb7xqH+fdakZor1khG7bC2uIwibD3cSl2XkR\r\n" \
+    "wN48lslbHnqqagr6Xm1nNOSVl8C/6kbJEsMpLhAezfRtGwvOucoaE+WbeUNolGde\r\n" \
+    "P/eQiddSf0brnpiLJRh7qZrl9XuqYdpUqnoEdMAfotDOID8OtV7gt8a48ad8VPW2\r\n" \
+    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-#if !defined (TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME)
-const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
-#endif /* !TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME */
-#endif /* !TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_COME || MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_RSA_PEM "PolarSSLTest"
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
-/* tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt */
-#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256                                          \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                        \
-"MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"   \
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"   \
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"   \
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n"   \
-"AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n"   \
-"owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n"   \
-"NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n"   \
-"tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n"   \
-"hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n"   \
-"HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n"   \
-"VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n"   \
-"FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAGGEshT5\r\n"   \
-"kvnRmLVScVeUEdwIrvW7ezbGbUvJ8VxeJ79/HSjlLiGbMc4uUathwtzEdi9R/4C5\r\n"   \
-"DXBNeEPTkbB+fhG1W06iHYj/Dp8+aaG7fuDxKVKHVZSqBnmQLn73ymyclZNHii5A\r\n"   \
-"3nTS8WUaHAzxN/rajOtoM7aH1P9tULpHrl+7HOeLMpxUnwI12ZqZaLIzxbcdJVcr\r\n"   \
-"ra2F00aXCGkYVLvyvbZIq7LC+yVysej5gCeQYD7VFOEks0jhFjrS06gP0/XnWv6v\r\n"   \
-"eBoPez9d+CCjkrhseiWzXOiriIMICX48EloO/DrsMRAtvlwq7EDz4QhILz6ffndm\r\n"   \
-"e4K1cVANRPN2o9Y=\r\n"                                                   \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* This was generated from test-ca.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_DER tests/data_files/test-ca.key.der */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_DER {                                                \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00,  \
+    0xc0, 0xdf, 0x37, 0xfc, 0x17, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x96, 0x9d, 0x3f, 0x86, 0xde,  \
+    0x96, 0x32, 0x7d, 0x44, 0xa5, 0x16, 0xa0, 0xcd, 0x21, 0xf1, 0x99, 0xd4,  \
+    0xec, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x58, 0x08, 0x94, 0xa5, 0xec, 0x9b, 0xc5,  \
+    0x8b, 0xdf, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x38, 0x99, 0x87, 0x1e, 0x7b, 0xc0, 0x8d,  \
+    0x39, 0xdf, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x78, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x9e, 0xd9, 0x93, 0xe8,  \
+    0xb9, 0x72, 0x51, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xa3, 0x30, 0x52, 0xa9, 0xf2, 0xe7, 0x40,  \
+    0x70, 0x14, 0xcb, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0xe5, 0x40, 0xf9, 0x3e,  \
+    0xe5, 0xa6, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0xf9, 0xec, 0x4a, 0x63, 0xc0, 0xb8, 0x29, 0x00,  \
+    0x74, 0x9c, 0x57, 0x3b, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0x04, 0x90, 0x71, 0xf1, 0xbd, 0x83,  \
+    0xd9, 0x3f, 0xd6, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0xef, 0x27, 0x60, 0xc3,  \
+    0xc6, 0x9f, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xec, 0x60, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0xe6, 0x84, 0x32, 0xbe,  \
+    0x4f, 0xfb, 0x58, 0x26, 0x22, 0x03, 0x5b, 0xd4, 0xb4, 0xd5, 0xfb, 0xf5,  \
+    0xe3, 0x96, 0x2e, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0xfc, 0x2e, 0xee, 0xe2,  \
+    0x41, 0x55, 0xc0, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x24, 0x72, 0x69, 0xcb, 0x47, 0xb1,  \
+    0x14, 0x40, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x31, 0xab, 0xf1, 0x79,  \
+    0xa4, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0x2e, 0x12, 0xf9, 0x84, 0x17, 0xf0, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x27,  \
+    0x3e, 0x13, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x54, 0x0d, 0x21, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x37, 0xa1, 0x30,  \
+    0xcf, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xdc, 0xf6, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0xac, 0xdb, 0x2e, 0x28, 0xd1,  \
+    0x7e, 0x02, 0x4b, 0x23, 0xa0, 0x15, 0xf2, 0x38, 0x65, 0x64, 0x09, 0xea,  \
+    0x0c, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0x1b, 0x17, 0xa0, 0x71, 0xc8, 0xb3, 0x9b, 0xc9, 0xab,  \
+    0xe9, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0x87, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x80, 0x02, 0x32, 0x9e, 0x99,  \
+    0x58, 0x6f, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01,  \
+    0x00, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x34, 0x6f, 0xdb, 0xc9, 0x37, 0xb7, 0x84,  \
+    0xdc, 0x37, 0x45, 0xe1, 0x63, 0xad, 0xb8, 0xb6, 0x75, 0xb1, 0xc7, 0x35,  \
+    0xb4, 0x77, 0x2a, 0x5b, 0x77, 0xf9, 0x7e, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0xa3, 0xd1, 0xb7,  \
+    0xcb, 0xa9, 0x5a, 0xc1, 0x87, 0xda, 0x5a, 0xfa, 0x17, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0x38,  \
+    0x03, 0xde, 0x68, 0x98, 0x81, 0xec, 0xb5, 0xf2, 0x2a, 0x8d, 0xe9, 0x2c,  \
+    0xf3, 0xa6, 0xe5, 0x32, 0x17, 0x7f, 0x33, 0x81, 0xe8, 0x38, 0x72, 0xd5,  \
+    0x9c, 0xfa, 0x4e, 0xfb, 0x26, 0xf5, 0x15, 0x0b, 0xaf, 0x84, 0x66, 0xab,  \
+    0x02, 0xe0, 0x18, 0xd5, 0x91, 0x7c, 0xd6, 0x8f, 0xc9, 0x4b, 0x76, 0x08,  \
+    0x2b, 0x1d, 0x81, 0x68, 0x30, 0xe1, 0xfa, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x13, 0x4e, 0x10,  \
+    0x03, 0x35, 0x3e, 0xc5, 0xca, 0x58, 0x20, 0x8a, 0x21, 0x18, 0x38, 0xa0,  \
+    0x0f, 0xed, 0xc4, 0xbb, 0x45, 0x6f, 0xf5, 0x84, 0x5b, 0xb0, 0xcf, 0x4e,  \
+    0x9d, 0x58, 0x13, 0x6b, 0x35, 0x35, 0x69, 0xa1, 0xd2, 0xc4, 0xf2, 0xc1,  \
+    0x48, 0x04, 0x20, 0x51, 0xb9, 0x6b, 0xa4, 0x5d, 0xa5, 0x4b, 0x84, 0x88,  \
+    0x43, 0x48, 0x99, 0x2c, 0xbb, 0xa4, 0x97, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0x18, 0xf6, 0xec,  \
+    0x5c, 0xd1, 0x31, 0x49, 0xc9, 0xf2, 0x8f, 0x0b, 0x4d, 0xef, 0x09, 0x02,  \
+    0xfe, 0x7d, 0xfd, 0xbb, 0xaf, 0x2b, 0x83, 0x94, 0x22, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x3e,  \
+    0x66, 0xf5, 0xe0, 0x57, 0xdc, 0xf2, 0xed, 0x2c, 0x3e, 0x81, 0x74, 0x76,  \
+    0x1e, 0x96, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x1e, 0x32, 0x0e, 0x14, 0x31, 0xd0, 0x74, 0xf0,  \
+    0xf4, 0x07, 0xbd, 0xc3, 0xd1, 0x22, 0xc2, 0xa8, 0x95, 0x92, 0x06, 0x7f,  \
+    0x43, 0x02, 0x91, 0xbc, 0xdd, 0x23, 0x01, 0x89, 0x94, 0x20, 0x44, 0x64,  \
+    0xf5, 0x1d, 0x67, 0xd2, 0x8f, 0xe8, 0x69, 0xa5, 0x29, 0x25, 0xe6, 0x50,  \
+    0x9c, 0xe3, 0xe9, 0xcb, 0x75, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe2, 0x29, 0x3e,  \
+    0xaa, 0x6b, 0xd5, 0x59, 0x1e, 0x9c, 0xe6, 0x47, 0xd5, 0xb6, 0xd7, 0xe3,  \
+    0xf1, 0x8e, 0x9e, 0xe9, 0x83, 0x5f, 0x10, 0x9f, 0x63, 0xec, 0x04, 0x44,  \
+    0xcc, 0x3f, 0xf8, 0xd9, 0x3a, 0x17, 0xe0, 0x4f, 0xfe, 0xd8, 0x4d, 0xcd,  \
+    0x46, 0x54, 0x74, 0xbf, 0x0a, 0xc4, 0x67, 0x9c, 0xa7, 0xd8, 0x89, 0x65,  \
+    0x4c, 0xfd, 0x58, 0x2a, 0x47, 0x0f, 0xf4, 0x37, 0xb6, 0x55, 0xb0, 0x1d,  \
+    0xed, 0xa7, 0x39, 0xfc, 0x4f, 0xa3, 0xc4, 0x75, 0x3a, 0xa3, 0x98, 0xa7,  \
+    0x45, 0xf5, 0x66, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x65, 0xfb, 0x80, 0x23, 0xe6, 0xff, 0xfd,  \
+    0x99, 0x1f, 0x8e, 0x6b, 0xff, 0x5e, 0x93, 0x66, 0xdf, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0xc3,  \
+    0xf6, 0x38, 0x2e, 0xff, 0x69, 0xb5, 0xac, 0xae, 0xbb, 0xc6, 0x71, 0x16,  \
+    0x6b, 0xd0, 0xf8, 0x22, 0xd9, 0xf8, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x20, 0xd2, 0xe2, 0x3a,  \
+    0x70, 0x4b, 0xde, 0xab, 0x2f, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xda, 0x51, 0x9b,  \
+    0xb8, 0xb2, 0x2a, 0x14, 0x75, 0x58, 0x40, 0x8d, 0x27, 0x70, 0xfa, 0x31,  \
+    0x48, 0xb0, 0x20, 0x21, 0x34, 0xfa, 0x4c, 0x57, 0xa8, 0x11, 0x88, 0xf3,  \
+    0xa7, 0xae, 0x21, 0xe9, 0xb6, 0x2b, 0xd1, 0xcd, 0xa7, 0xf8, 0xd8, 0x0c,  \
+    0x8a, 0x76, 0x22, 0x35, 0x44, 0xce, 0x3f, 0x25, 0x29, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x79,  \
+    0xa7, 0x31, 0xd6, 0xec, 0xb2, 0xbf, 0xda, 0x34, 0xb6, 0xf6, 0xb2, 0x3b,  \
+    0xf3, 0x78, 0x5a, 0x04, 0x83, 0x33, 0x3e, 0xa2, 0xe2, 0x81, 0x82, 0x13,  \
+    0xd4, 0x35, 0x17, 0x63, 0x9b, 0x9e, 0xc4, 0x8d, 0x91, 0x4c, 0x03, 0x77,  \
+    0xc7, 0x71, 0x5b, 0xee, 0x83, 0x6d, 0xd5, 0x78, 0x88, 0xf6, 0x2c, 0x79,  \
+    0xc2, 0x4a, 0xb4, 0x79, 0x90, 0x70, 0xbf, 0xdf, 0x34, 0x56, 0x96, 0x71,  \
+    0xe3, 0x0e, 0x68, 0x91, 0xbc, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x33, 0xc0, 0xbe, 0x45, 0xd7,  \
+    0xfc, 0x30, 0xfd, 0x01, 0x3b, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xd2, 0x9f, 0x2a,  \
+    0xb7, 0x38, 0x19, 0xc7, 0x17, 0x95, 0x73, 0x78, 0xae, 0xf5, 0xcb, 0x75,  \
+    0x83, 0x7f, 0x19, 0x4b, 0xcb, 0x86, 0xfb, 0x4a, 0x15, 0x9a, 0xb6, 0x17,  \
+    0x04, 0x49, 0x07, 0x8d, 0xf6, 0x66, 0x4a, 0x06, 0xf6, 0x05, 0xa7, 0xdf,  \
+    0x66, 0x82, 0x3c, 0xff, 0xb6, 0x1d, 0x57, 0x89, 0x33, 0x5f, 0x9c, 0x05,  \
+    0x75, 0x7f, 0xf3, 0x5d, 0xdc, 0x34, 0x65, 0x72, 0x85, 0x22, 0xa4, 0x14,  \
+    0x1b, 0x41, 0xc3, 0xe4, 0xd0, 0x9e, 0x69, 0xd5, 0xeb, 0x38, 0x74, 0x70,  \
+    0x43, 0xdc, 0xd9, 0x50, 0xe4, 0x97, 0x6d, 0x73, 0xd6, 0xfb, 0xc8, 0xa7,  \
+    0xfa, 0xb4, 0xc2, 0xc4, 0x9d, 0x5d, 0x0c, 0xd5, 0x9f, 0x79, 0xb3, 0x54,  \
+    0xc2, 0xb7, 0x6c, 0x3d, 0x7d, 0xcb, 0x2d, 0xf8, 0xc4, 0xf3, 0x78, 0x5a,  \
+    0x33, 0x2a, 0xb8, 0x0c, 0x6d, 0x06, 0xfa, 0xf2, 0x62, 0xd3, 0x42, 0xd0,  \
+    0xbd, 0xc8, 0x4a, 0xa5, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xd4, 0xa9, 0x90,  \
+    0x15, 0xde, 0xbf, 0x2c, 0xc4, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0xfb, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0xe4, 0x83,  \
+    0xe3, 0x79, 0x65, 0x22, 0xd3, 0xb7, 0x49, 0x6c, 0x4d, 0x94, 0x1f, 0x22,  \
+    0xb1, 0x60, 0xe7, 0x3a, 0x00, 0xb1, 0x38, 0xa2, 0xab, 0x0f, 0xb4, 0x6c,  \
+    0xaa, 0xe7, 0x9e, 0x34, 0xe3, 0x7c, 0x40, 0x78, 0x53, 0xb2, 0xf9, 0x23,  \
+    0xea, 0xa0, 0x9a, 0xea, 0x60, 0xc8, 0x8f, 0xa6, 0xaf, 0xdf, 0x29, 0x09,  \
+    0x4b, 0x06, 0x1e, 0x31, 0xad, 0x17, 0xda, 0xd8, 0xd1, 0xe9, 0x33, 0xab,  \
+    0x5b, 0x18, 0x08, 0x5b, 0x87, 0xf8, 0xa5, 0x1f, 0xfd, 0xbb, 0xdc, 0xd8,  \
+    0xed, 0x97, 0x57, 0xe4, 0xc3, 0x73, 0xd6, 0xf0, 0x9e, 0x01, 0xa6, 0x9b,  \
+    0x48, 0x8e, 0x7a, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0xe5, 0x88, 0x91, 0xc5, 0x2a, 0xdf, 0x4b,  \
+    0xba, 0xd0, 0x8b, 0x3e, 0x03, 0x97, 0x77, 0x2f, 0x47, 0x7e, 0x51, 0x0c,  \
+    0xae, 0x65, 0x8d, 0xde, 0x87, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x20, 0x24, 0x0f, 0xd2,  \
+    0xaf, 0xc2, 0x28, 0x3b, 0x97, 0x20, 0xb2, 0x92, 0x49, 0xeb, 0x09, 0x68,  \
+    0x40, 0xb2, 0xbe, 0xd1, 0xc3, 0x83, 0x94, 0x34, 0x38, 0xd6, 0xc9, 0xec,  \
+    0x34, 0x09, 0xf9, 0x41, 0x6d, 0x5c, 0x42, 0x94, 0xf7, 0x04, 0xfc, 0x32,  \
+    0x39, 0x69, 0xbc, 0x1c, 0xfb, 0x3e, 0x61, 0x98, 0xc0, 0x80, 0xd8, 0x36,  \
+    0x47, 0xc3, 0x6d, 0xc2, 0x2e, 0xe7, 0x81, 0x2a, 0x17, 0x34, 0x64, 0x30,  \
+    0x4e, 0x96, 0xbb, 0x26, 0x16, 0xb9, 0x41, 0x36, 0xfe, 0x8a, 0xd6, 0x53,  \
+    0x7c, 0xaa, 0xec, 0x39, 0x42, 0x50, 0xef, 0xe3, 0xb3, 0x01, 0x28, 0x32,  \
+    0xca, 0x6d, 0xf5, 0x9a, 0x1e, 0x9f, 0x37, 0xbe, 0xfe, 0x38, 0x20, 0x22,  \
+    0x91, 0x8c, 0xcd, 0x95, 0x02, 0xf2, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x1a, 0xb4, 0x43, 0xf0,  \
+    0x19, 0xdf, 0x65, 0xc0, 0x92, 0xe7, 0x9d, 0x2f, 0x09, 0xe7, 0xec, 0x69,  \
+    0xa8, 0xc2, 0x8f, 0x0d                                                   \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[]     =  TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
-#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+/*
+ * Test server Certificates
+ *
+ * Test server certificates are defined for each choice
+ * of the following parameters:
+ * - PEM or DER encoding
+ * - SHA-1 or SHA-256 hash
+ * - RSA or EC key
+ *
+ * Things to add:
+ * - multiple EC curve types
+ */
 
-#if !defined(TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME) || defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
-/* tests/data_files/server2.crt */
-#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1                                          \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
-"MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n" \
-"AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n" \
-"owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n" \
-"NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n" \
-"tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n" \
-"hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n" \
-"HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n" \
-"VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n" \
-"FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAFzC0rF\r\n" \
-"y6De8WMcdgQrEw3AhBHFjzqnxZw1ene4IBSC7lTw8rBSy3jOWQdPUWn+0y/pCeeF\r\n" \
-"kti6sevFdl1hLemGtd4q+T9TKEKGg3ND4ARfB5AUZZ9uEHq8WBkiwus5clGS17Qd\r\n" \
-"dS/TOisB59tQruLx1E1bPLtBKyqk4koC5WAULJwfpswGSyWJTpYwIpxcWE3D2tBu\r\n" \
-"UB6MZfXZFzWmWEOyKbeoXjXe8GBCGgHLywvYDsGQ36HSGtEsAvR2QaTLSxWYcfk1\r\n" \
-"fbDn4jSWkb4yZy1r01UEigFQtONieGwRFaUqEcFJHJvEEGVgh9keaVlOj2vrwf5r\r\n" \
-"4mN4lW7gLdenN6g=\r\n"                                                 \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server5.crt. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_PEM tests/data_files/server5.crt */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIICHzCCAaWgAwIBAgIBCTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEG\r\n" \
+    "CCqGSM49AwEHA0IABDfMVtl2CR5acj7HWS3/IG7ufPkGkXTQrRS192giWWKSTuUA\r\n" \
+    "2CMR/+ov0jRdXRa9iojCa3cNVc2KKg76Aci07f+jgZ0wgZowCQYDVR0TBAIwADAd\r\n" \
+    "BgNVHQ4EFgQUUGGlj9QH2deCAQzlZX+MY0anE74wbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkB\r\n" \
+    "PyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xh\r\n" \
+    "clNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoG\r\n" \
+    "CCqGSM49BAMCA2gAMGUCMQCaLFzXptui5WQN8LlO3ddh1hMxx6tzgLvT03MTVK2S\r\n" \
+    "C12r0Lz3ri/moSEpNZWqPjkCMCE2f53GXcYLqyfyJR078c/xNSUU5+Xxl7VZ414V\r\n" \
+    "fGa5kHvHARBPc8YAIVIqDvHH1Q==\r\n"                                     \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-#if !defined(TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME)
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[]     =  TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
-#endif /* TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME */
-#endif /* !TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME || MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/server5.crt.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_DER tests/data_files/server5.crt.der */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_DER {                                                \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x1f, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0xa5, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x09, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce,  \
+    0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13,  \
+    0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65,  \
+    0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d,  \
+    0x31, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35, 0x32, 0x30, 0x34,  \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x32, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35,  \
+    0x32, 0x30, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x34, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13,  \
+    0x09, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x30, 0x59,  \
+    0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06,  \
+    0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0x03, 0x42, 0x00,  \
+    0x04, 0x37, 0xcc, 0x56, 0xd9, 0x76, 0x09, 0x1e, 0x5a, 0x72, 0x3e, 0xc7,  \
+    0x59, 0x2d, 0xff, 0x20, 0x6e, 0xee, 0x7c, 0xf9, 0x06, 0x91, 0x74, 0xd0,  \
+    0xad, 0x14, 0xb5, 0xf7, 0x68, 0x22, 0x59, 0x62, 0x92, 0x4e, 0xe5, 0x00,  \
+    0xd8, 0x23, 0x11, 0xff, 0xea, 0x2f, 0xd2, 0x34, 0x5d, 0x5d, 0x16, 0xbd,  \
+    0x8a, 0x88, 0xc2, 0x6b, 0x77, 0x0d, 0x55, 0xcd, 0x8a, 0x2a, 0x0e, 0xfa,  \
+    0x01, 0xc8, 0xb4, 0xed, 0xff, 0xa3, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x81, 0x9a, 0x30,  \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d,  \
+    0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x50, 0x61, 0xa5,  \
+    0x8f, 0xd4, 0x07, 0xd9, 0xd7, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0c, 0xe5, 0x65, 0x7f, 0x8c,  \
+    0x63, 0x46, 0xa7, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x30, 0x6e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23,  \
+    0x04, 0x67, 0x30, 0x65, 0x80, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x24, 0x49, 0x01,  \
+    0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24, 0xc9, 0xdb, 0xfb,  \
+    0x36, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0xa4, 0x40, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09,  \
+    0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30,  \
+    0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61,  \
+    0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,  \
+    0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20,  \
+    0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x82, 0x09,  \
+    0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06,  \
+    0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x03, 0x68, 0x00,  \
+    0x30, 0x65, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0x9a, 0x2c, 0x5c, 0xd7, 0xa6, 0xdb, 0xa2,  \
+    0xe5, 0x64, 0x0d, 0xf0, 0xb9, 0x4e, 0xdd, 0xd7, 0x61, 0xd6, 0x13, 0x31,  \
+    0xc7, 0xab, 0x73, 0x80, 0xbb, 0xd3, 0xd3, 0x73, 0x13, 0x54, 0xad, 0x92,  \
+    0x0b, 0x5d, 0xab, 0xd0, 0xbc, 0xf7, 0xae, 0x2f, 0xe6, 0xa1, 0x21, 0x29,  \
+    0x35, 0x95, 0xaa, 0x3e, 0x39, 0x02, 0x30, 0x21, 0x36, 0x7f, 0x9d, 0xc6,  \
+    0x5d, 0xc6, 0x0b, 0xab, 0x27, 0xf2, 0x25, 0x1d, 0x3b, 0xf1, 0xcf, 0xf1,  \
+    0x35, 0x25, 0x14, 0xe7, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x97, 0xb5, 0x59, 0xe3, 0x5e, 0x15,  \
+    0x7c, 0x66, 0xb9, 0x90, 0x7b, 0xc7, 0x01, 0x10, 0x4f, 0x73, 0xc6, 0x00,  \
+    0x21, 0x52, 0x2a, 0x0e, 0xf1, 0xc7, 0xd5                                 \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"
-"DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,A8A95B05D5B7206B\r\n"
-"\r\n"
-"9Qd9GeArejl1GDVh2lLV1bHt0cPtfbh5h/5zVpAVaFpqtSPMrElp50Rntn9et+JA\r\n"
-"7VOyboR+Iy2t/HU4WvA687k3Bppe9GwKHjHhtl//8xFKwZr3Xb5yO5JUP8AUctQq\r\n"
-"Nb8CLlZyuUC+52REAAthdWgsX+7dJO4yabzUcQ22Tp9JSD0hiL43BlkWYUNK3dAo\r\n"
-"PZlmiptjnzVTjg1MxsBSydZinWOLBV8/JQgxSPo2yD4uEfig28qbvQ2wNIn0pnAb\r\n"
-"GxnSAOazkongEGfvcjIIs+LZN9gXFhxcOh6kc4Q/c99B7QWETwLLkYgZ+z1a9VY9\r\n"
-"gEU7CwCxYCD+h9hY6FPmsK0/lC4O7aeRKpYq00rPPxs6i7phiexg6ax6yTMmArQq\r\n"
-"QmK3TAsJm8V/J5AWpLEV6jAFgRGymGGHnof0DXzVWZidrcZJWTNuGEX90nB3ee2w\r\n"
-"PXJEFWKoD3K3aFcSLdHYr3mLGxP7H9ThQai9VsycxZKS5kwvBKQ//YMrmFfwPk8x\r\n"
-"vTeY4KZMaUrveEel5tWZC94RSMKgxR6cyE1nBXyTQnDOGbfpNNgBKxyKbINWoOJU\r\n"
-"WJZAwlsQn+QzCDwpri7+sV1mS3gBE6UY7aQmnmiiaC2V3Hbphxct/en5QsfDOt1X\r\n"
-"JczSfpRWLlbPznZg8OQh/VgCMA58N5DjOzTIK7sJJ5r+94ZBTCpgAMbF588f0NTR\r\n"
-"KCe4yrxGJR7X02M4nvD4IwOlpsQ8xQxZtOSgXv4LkxvdU9XJJKWZ/XNKJeWztxSe\r\n"
-"Z1vdTc2YfsDBA2SEv33vxHx2g1vqtw8SjDRT2RaQSS0QuSaMJimdOX6mTOCBKk1J\r\n"
-"9Q5mXTrER+/LnK0jEmXsBXWA5bqqVZIyahXSx4VYZ7l7w/PHiUDtDgyRhMMKi4n2\r\n"
-"iQvQcWSQTjrpnlJbca1/DkpRt3YwrvJwdqb8asZU2VrNETh5x0QVefDRLFiVpif/\r\n"
-"tUaeAe/P1F8OkS7OIZDs1SUbv/sD2vMbhNkUoCms3/PvNtdnvgL4F0zhaDpKCmlT\r\n"
-"P8vx49E7v5CyRNmED9zZg4o3wmMqrQO93PtTug3Eu9oVx1zPQM1NVMyBa2+f29DL\r\n"
-"1nuTCeXdo9+ni45xx+jAI4DCwrRdhJ9uzZyC6962H37H6D+5naNvClFR1s6li1Gb\r\n"
-"nqPoiy/OBsEx9CaDGcqQBp5Wme/3XW+6z1ISOx+igwNTVCT14mHdBMbya0eIKft5\r\n"
-"X+GnwtgEMyCYyyWuUct8g4RzErcY9+yW9Om5Hzpx4zOuW4NPZgPDTgK+t2RSL/Yq\r\n"
-"rE1njrgeGYcVeG3f+OftH4s6fPbq7t1A5ZgUscbLMBqr9tK+OqygR4EgKBPsH6Cz\r\n"
-"L6zlv/2RV0qAHvVuDJcIDIgwY5rJtINEm32rhOeFNJwZS5MNIC1czXZx5//ugX7l\r\n"
-"I4sy5nbVhwSjtAk8Xg5dZbdTZ6mIrb7xqH+fdakZor1khG7bC2uIwibD3cSl2XkR\r\n"
-"wN48lslbHnqqagr6Xm1nNOSVl8C/6kbJEsMpLhAezfRtGwvOucoaE+WbeUNolGde\r\n"
-"P/eQiddSf0brnpiLJRh7qZrl9XuqYdpUqnoEdMAfotDOID8OtV7gt8a48ad8VPW2\r\n"
-"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server5.key. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_PEM tests/data_files/server5.key */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MHcCAQEEIPEqEyB2AnCoPL/9U/YDHvdqXYbIogTywwyp6/UfDw6noAoGCCqGSM49\r\n" \
+    "AwEHoUQDQgAEN8xW2XYJHlpyPsdZLf8gbu58+QaRdNCtFLX3aCJZYpJO5QDYIxH/\r\n" \
+    "6i/SNF1dFr2KiMJrdw1VzYoqDvoByLTt/w==\r\n"                             \
+    "-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[] = "PolarSSLTest";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/server5.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_DER tests/data_files/server5.key.der */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_DER {                                                \
+    0x30, 0x77, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x20, 0xf1, 0x2a, 0x13, 0x20, 0x76,  \
+    0x02, 0x70, 0xa8, 0x3c, 0xbf, 0xfd, 0x53, 0xf6, 0x03, 0x1e, 0xf7, 0x6a,  \
+    0x5d, 0x86, 0xc8, 0xa2, 0x04, 0xf2, 0xc3, 0x0c, 0xa9, 0xeb, 0xf5, 0x1f,  \
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0xa7, 0xa0, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d,  \
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0xa1, 0x44, 0x03, 0x42, 0x00, 0x04, 0x37, 0xcc, 0x56,  \
+    0xd9, 0x76, 0x09, 0x1e, 0x5a, 0x72, 0x3e, 0xc7, 0x59, 0x2d, 0xff, 0x20,  \
+    0x6e, 0xee, 0x7c, 0xf9, 0x06, 0x91, 0x74, 0xd0, 0xad, 0x14, 0xb5, 0xf7,  \
+    0x68, 0x22, 0x59, 0x62, 0x92, 0x4e, 0xe5, 0x00, 0xd8, 0x23, 0x11, 0xff,  \
+    0xea, 0x2f, 0xd2, 0x34, 0x5d, 0x5d, 0x16, 0xbd, 0x8a, 0x88, 0xc2, 0x6b,  \
+    0x77, 0x0d, 0x55, 0xcd, 0x8a, 0x2a, 0x0e, 0xfa, 0x01, 0xc8, 0xb4, 0xed,  \
+    0xff                                                                     \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAwU2j3efNHdEE10lyuJmsDnjkOjxKzzoTFtBa5M2jAIin7h5r\r\n"
-"lqdStJDvLXJ6PiSa/LY0rCT1d+AmZIycsCh9odrqjObJHJa8/sEEUrM21KP64bF2\r\n"
-"2JDBYbRmUjaiJlOqq3ReB30Zgtsq2B+g2Q0cLUlm91slc0boC4pPaQy1AJDh2oIQ\r\n"
-"Zn2uVCuLZXmRoeJhw81ASQjuaAzxi4bSRr/QuKoRAx5/VqgaHkQYDw+Fi9qLRF7i\r\n"
-"GMZiL8dmjfpd2H3zJ4kpAcWQDj8n8TDISg7v1t7HxydrxwU9esQCPJodPg/oNJhb\r\n"
-"y3NLUpbYEaIsgIhpOVrTD7DeWS8Rx/fqEgEwlwIDAQABAoIBAQCXR0S8EIHFGORZ\r\n"
-"++AtOg6eENxD+xVs0f1IeGz57Tjo3QnXX7VBZNdj+p1ECvhCE/G7XnkgU5hLZX+G\r\n"
-"Z0jkz/tqJOI0vRSdLBbipHnWouyBQ4e/A1yIJdlBtqXxJ1KE/ituHRbNc4j4kL8Z\r\n"
-"/r6pvwnTI0PSx2Eqs048YdS92LT6qAv4flbNDxMn2uY7s4ycS4Q8w1JXnCeaAnYm\r\n"
-"WYI5wxO+bvRELR2Mcz5DmVnL8jRyml6l6582bSv5oufReFIbyPZbQWlXgYnpu6He\r\n"
-"GTc7E1zKYQGG/9+DQUl/1vQuCPqQwny0tQoX2w5tdYpdMdVm+zkLtbajzdTviJJa\r\n"
-"TWzL6lt5AoGBAN86+SVeJDcmQJcv4Eq6UhtRr4QGMiQMz0Sod6ettYxYzMgxtw28\r\n"
-"CIrgpozCc+UaZJLo7UxvC6an85r1b2nKPCLQFaggJ0H4Q0J/sZOhBIXaoBzWxveK\r\n"
-"nupceKdVxGsFi8CDy86DBfiyFivfBj+47BbaQzPBj7C4rK7UlLjab2rDAoGBAN2u\r\n"
-"AM2gchoFiu4v1HFL8D7lweEpi6ZnMJjnEu/dEgGQJFjwdpLnPbsj4c75odQ4Gz8g\r\n"
-"sw9lao9VVzbusoRE/JGI4aTdO0pATXyG7eG1Qu+5Yc1YGXcCrliA2xM9xx+d7f+s\r\n"
-"mPzN+WIEg5GJDYZDjAzHG5BNvi/FfM1C9dOtjv2dAoGAF0t5KmwbjWHBhcVqO4Ic\r\n"
-"BVvN3BIlc1ue2YRXEDlxY5b0r8N4XceMgKmW18OHApZxfl8uPDauWZLXOgl4uepv\r\n"
-"whZC3EuWrSyyICNhLY21Ah7hbIEBPF3L3ZsOwC+UErL+dXWLdB56Jgy3gZaBeW7b\r\n"
-"vDrEnocJbqCm7IukhXHOBK8CgYEAwqdHB0hqyNSzIOGY7v9abzB6pUdA3BZiQvEs\r\n"
-"3LjHVd4HPJ2x0N8CgrBIWOE0q8+0hSMmeE96WW/7jD3fPWwCR5zlXknxBQsfv0gP\r\n"
-"3BC5PR0Qdypz+d+9zfMf625kyit4T/hzwhDveZUzHnk1Cf+IG7Q+TOEnLnWAWBED\r\n"
-"ISOWmrUCgYAFEmRxgwAc/u+D6t0syCwAYh6POtscq9Y0i9GyWk89NzgC4NdwwbBH\r\n"
-"4AgahOxIxXx2gxJnq3yfkJfIjwf0s2DyP0kY2y6Ua1OeomPeY9mrIS4tCuDQ6LrE\r\n"
-"TB6l9VGoxJL4fyHnZb8L5gGvnB1bbD8cL6YPaDiOhcRseC9vBiEuVg==\r\n"
-"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM                                        \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n" \
+    "AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n" \
+    "owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n" \
+    "NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n" \
+    "tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n" \
+    "hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n" \
+    "HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n" \
+    "VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n" \
+    "FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAGGEshT5\r\n" \
+    "kvnRmLVScVeUEdwIrvW7ezbGbUvJ8VxeJ79/HSjlLiGbMc4uUathwtzEdi9R/4C5\r\n" \
+    "DXBNeEPTkbB+fhG1W06iHYj/Dp8+aaG7fuDxKVKHVZSqBnmQLn73ymyclZNHii5A\r\n" \
+    "3nTS8WUaHAzxN/rajOtoM7aH1P9tULpHrl+7HOeLMpxUnwI12ZqZaLIzxbcdJVcr\r\n" \
+    "ra2F00aXCGkYVLvyvbZIq7LC+yVysej5gCeQYD7VFOEks0jhFjrS06gP0/XnWv6v\r\n" \
+    "eBoPez9d+CCjkrhseiWzXOiriIMICX48EloO/DrsMRAtvlwq7EDz4QhILz6ffndm\r\n" \
+    "e4K1cVANRPN2o9Y=\r\n"                                                 \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
 
-/* tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt */
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-"MIIDPzCCAiegAwIBAgIBBDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA8MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGjAYBgNVBAMMEVBvbGFyU1NMIENsaWVudCAyMIIBIjAN\r\n"
-"BgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6f\r\n"
-"M60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaFB9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu\r\n"
-"1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEw\r\n"
-"MjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v\r\n"
-"4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx/\r\n"
-"/DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+vdqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQAB\r\n"
-"o00wSzAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRxoQBzckAvVHZeM/xSj7zx3WtGITAf\r\n"
-"BgNVHSMEGDAWgBS0WuSls97SUva51aaVD+s+vMf9/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOC\r\n"
-"AQEAlHabem2Tu69VUN7EipwnQn1dIHdgvT5i+iQHpSxY1crPnBbAeSdAXwsVEqLQ\r\n"
-"gOOIAQD5VIITNuoGgo4i+4OpNh9u7ZkpRHla+/swsfrFWRRbBNP5Bcu74AGLstwU\r\n"
-"zM8gIkBiyfM1Q1qDQISV9trlCG6O8vh8dp/rbI3rfzo99BOHXgFCrzXjCuW4vDsF\r\n"
-"r+Dao26bX3sJ6UnEWg1H3o2x6PpUcvQ36h71/bz4TEbbUUEpe02V4QWuL+wrhHJL\r\n"
-"U7o3SVE3Og7jPF8sat0a50YUWhwEFI256m02KAXLg89ueUyYKEr6rNwhcvXJpvU9\r\n"
-"giIVvd0Sbjjnn7NC4VDbcXV8vw==\r\n"
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt.der. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt.der */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER {                                        \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x37, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,  \
+    0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30,  \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11,  \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c,  \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d,  \
+    0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x36,  \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34,  \
+    0x34, 0x30, 0x36, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x34, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c,  \
+    0x09, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x30, 0x82,  \
+    0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d,  \
+    0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82,  \
+    0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0xdd, 0xe7,  \
+    0xcd, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x49, 0x72, 0xb8, 0x99, 0xac, 0x0e, 0x78,  \
+    0xe4, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0x13, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xcd,  \
+    0xa3, 0x00, 0x88, 0xa7, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x6b, 0x96, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x90,  \
+    0xef, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0x24, 0x9a, 0xfc, 0xb6, 0x34, 0xac, 0x24,  \
+    0xf5, 0x77, 0xe0, 0x26, 0x64, 0x8c, 0x9c, 0xb0, 0x28, 0x7d, 0xa1, 0xda,  \
+    0xea, 0x8c, 0xe6, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x96, 0xbc, 0xfe, 0xc1, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb3,  \
+    0x36, 0xd4, 0xa3, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xb1, 0x76, 0xd8, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x61, 0xb4,  \
+    0x66, 0x52, 0x36, 0xa2, 0x26, 0x53, 0xaa, 0xab, 0x74, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x7d,  \
+    0x19, 0x82, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0xd8, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xd9, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0x49,  \
+    0x66, 0xf7, 0x5b, 0x25, 0x73, 0x46, 0xe8, 0x0b, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x0c,  \
+    0xb5, 0x00, 0x90, 0xe1, 0xda, 0x82, 0x10, 0x66, 0x7d, 0xae, 0x54, 0x2b,  \
+    0x8b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x91, 0xa1, 0xe2, 0x61, 0xc3, 0xcd, 0x40, 0x49, 0x08,  \
+    0xee, 0x68, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xd2, 0x46, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0xb8, 0xaa,  \
+    0x11, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x44, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f,  \
+    0x85, 0x8b, 0xda, 0x8b, 0x44, 0x5e, 0xe2, 0x18, 0xc6, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xc7,  \
+    0x66, 0x8d, 0xfa, 0x5d, 0xd8, 0x7d, 0xf3, 0x27, 0x89, 0x29, 0x01, 0xc5,  \
+    0x90, 0x0e, 0x3f, 0x27, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x4a, 0x0e, 0xef, 0xd6, 0xde,  \
+    0xc7, 0xc7, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xc7, 0x05, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xc4, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9a,  \
+    0x1d, 0x3e, 0x0f, 0xe8, 0x34, 0x98, 0x5b, 0xcb, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x52, 0x96,  \
+    0xd8, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x2c, 0x80, 0x88, 0x69, 0x39, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0x0f, 0xb0,  \
+    0xde, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x11, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0xea, 0x12, 0x01, 0x30, 0x97, 0x02,  \
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0x30, 0x4b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xa5, 0x05, 0xe8, 0x64, 0xb8, 0xdc,  \
+    0xdf, 0x60, 0x0f, 0x50, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x60, 0xa8, 0x64, 0xaf, 0x4d, 0x8b,  \
+    0x43, 0x93, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30,  \
+    0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6,  \
+    0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30,  \
+    0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b,  \
+    0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x61, 0x84, 0xb2, 0x14, 0xf9,  \
+    0x92, 0xf9, 0xd1, 0x98, 0xb5, 0x52, 0x71, 0x57, 0x94, 0x11, 0xdc, 0x08,  \
+    0xae, 0xf5, 0xbb, 0x7b, 0x36, 0xc6, 0x6d, 0x4b, 0xc9, 0xf1, 0x5c, 0x5e,  \
+    0x27, 0xbf, 0x7f, 0x1d, 0x28, 0xe5, 0x2e, 0x21, 0x9b, 0x31, 0xce, 0x2e,  \
+    0x51, 0xab, 0x61, 0xc2, 0xdc, 0xc4, 0x76, 0x2f, 0x51, 0xff, 0x80, 0xb9,  \
+    0x0d, 0x70, 0x4d, 0x78, 0x43, 0xd3, 0x91, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x11, 0xb5,  \
+    0x5b, 0x4e, 0xa2, 0x1d, 0x88, 0xff, 0x0e, 0x9f, 0x3e, 0x69, 0xa1, 0xbb,  \
+    0x7e, 0xe0, 0xf1, 0x29, 0x52, 0x87, 0x55, 0x94, 0xaa, 0x06, 0x79, 0x90,  \
+    0x2e, 0x7e, 0xf7, 0xca, 0x6c, 0x9c, 0x95, 0x93, 0x47, 0x8a, 0x2e, 0x40,  \
+    0xde, 0x74, 0xd2, 0xf1, 0x65, 0x1a, 0x1c, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x37, 0xfa, 0xda,  \
+    0x8c, 0xeb, 0x68, 0x33, 0xb6, 0x87, 0xd4, 0xff, 0x6d, 0x50, 0xba, 0x47,  \
+    0xae, 0x5f, 0xbb, 0x1c, 0xe7, 0x8b, 0x32, 0x9c, 0x54, 0x9f, 0x02, 0x35,  \
+    0xd9, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x68, 0xb2, 0x33, 0xc5, 0xb7, 0x1d, 0x25, 0x57, 0x2b,  \
+    0xad, 0xad, 0x85, 0xd3, 0x46, 0x97, 0x08, 0x69, 0x18, 0x54, 0xbb, 0xf2,  \
+    0xbd, 0xb6, 0x48, 0xab, 0xb2, 0xc2, 0xfb, 0x25, 0x72, 0xb1, 0xe8, 0xf9,  \
+    0x80, 0x27, 0x90, 0x60, 0x3e, 0xd5, 0x14, 0xe1, 0x24, 0xb3, 0x48, 0xe1,  \
+    0x16, 0x3a, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xa8, 0x0f, 0xd3, 0xf5, 0xe7, 0x5a, 0xfe, 0xaf,  \
+    0x78, 0x1a, 0x0f, 0x7b, 0x3f, 0x5d, 0xf8, 0x20, 0xa3, 0x92, 0xb8, 0x6c,  \
+    0x7a, 0x25, 0xb3, 0x5c, 0xe8, 0xab, 0x88, 0x83, 0x08, 0x09, 0x7e, 0x3c,  \
+    0x12, 0x5a, 0x0e, 0xfc, 0x3a, 0xec, 0x31, 0x10, 0x2d, 0xbe, 0x5c, 0x2a,  \
+    0xec, 0x40, 0xf3, 0xe1, 0x08, 0x48, 0x2f, 0x3e, 0x9f, 0x7e, 0x77, 0x66,  \
+    0x7b, 0x82, 0xb5, 0x71, 0x50, 0x0d, 0x44, 0xf3, 0x76, 0xa3, 0xd6         \
+}
+/* END FILE */
 
-/* tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key */
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6fM60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaF\r\n"
-"B9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1\r\n"
-"bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEwMjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9\r\n"
-"Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH\r\n"
-"7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx//DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+v\r\n"
-"dqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQABAoIBAGdNtfYDiap6bzst\r\n"
-"yhCiI8m9TtrhZw4MisaEaN/ll3XSjaOG2dvV6xMZCMV+5TeXDHOAZnY18Yi18vzz\r\n"
-"4Ut2TnNFzizCECYNaA2fST3WgInnxUkV3YXAyP6CNxJaCmv2aA0yFr2kFVSeaKGt\r\n"
-"ymvljNp2NVkvm7Th8fBQBO7I7AXhz43k0mR7XmPgewe8ApZOG3hstkOaMvbWAvWA\r\n"
-"zCZupdDjZYjOJqlA4eEA4H8/w7F83r5CugeBE8LgEREjLPiyejrU5H1fubEY+h0d\r\n"
-"l5HZBJ68ybTXfQ5U9o/QKA3dd0toBEhhdRUDGzWtjvwkEQfqF1reGWj/tod/gCpf\r\n"
-"DFi6X0ECgYEA4wOv/pjSC3ty6TuOvKX2rOUiBrLXXv2JSxZnMoMiWI5ipLQt+RYT\r\n"
-"VPafL/m7Dn6MbwjayOkcZhBwk5CNz5A6Q4lJ64Mq/lqHznRCQQ2Mc1G8eyDF/fYL\r\n"
-"Ze2pLvwP9VD5jTc2miDfw+MnvJhywRRLcemDFP8k4hQVtm8PMp3ZmNECgYEA4gz7\r\n"
-"wzObR4gn8ibe617uQPZjWzUj9dUHYd+in1gwBCIrtNnaRn9I9U/Q6tegRYpii4ys\r\n"
-"c176NmU+umy6XmuSKV5qD9bSpZWG2nLFnslrN15Lm3fhZxoeMNhBaEDTnLT26yoi\r\n"
-"33gp0mSSWy94ZEqipms+ULF6sY1ZtFW6tpGFoy8CgYAQHhnnvJflIs2ky4q10B60\r\n"
-"ZcxFp3rtDpkp0JxhFLhiizFrujMtZSjYNm5U7KkgPVHhLELEUvCmOnKTt4ap/vZ0\r\n"
-"BxJNe1GZH3pW6SAvGDQpl9sG7uu/vTFP+lCxukmzxB0DrrDcvorEkKMom7ZCCRvW\r\n"
-"KZsZ6YeH2Z81BauRj218kQKBgQCUV/DgKP2985xDTT79N08jUo3hTP5MVYCCuj/+\r\n"
-"UeEw1TvZcx3LJby7P6Xad6a1/BqveaGyFKIfEFIaBUBItk801sDDpDaYc4gL00Xc\r\n"
-"7lFuBHOZkxJYlss5QrGpuOEl9ZwUt5IrFLBdYaKqNHzNVC1pCPfb/JyH6Dr2HUxq\r\n"
-"gxUwAQKBgQCcU6G2L8AG9d9c0UpOyL1tMvFe5Ttw0KjlQVdsh1MP6yigYo9DYuwu\r\n"
-"bHFVW2r0dBTqegP2/KTOxKzaHfC1qf0RGDsUoJCNJrd1cwoCLG8P2EF4w3OBrKqv\r\n"
-"8u4ytY0F+Vlanj5lm3TaoHSVF1+NWPyOTiwevIECGKwSxvlki4fDAA==\r\n"
-"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa );
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2.crt. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM tests/data_files/server2.crt */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM                                          \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n" \
+    "AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n" \
+    "owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n" \
+    "NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n" \
+    "tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n" \
+    "hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n" \
+    "HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n" \
+    "VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n" \
+    "FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAFzC0rF\r\n" \
+    "y6De8WMcdgQrEw3AhBHFjzqnxZw1ene4IBSC7lTw8rBSy3jOWQdPUWn+0y/pCeeF\r\n" \
+    "kti6sevFdl1hLemGtd4q+T9TKEKGg3ND4ARfB5AUZZ9uEHq8WBkiwus5clGS17Qd\r\n" \
+    "dS/TOisB59tQruLx1E1bPLtBKyqk4koC5WAULJwfpswGSyWJTpYwIpxcWE3D2tBu\r\n" \
+    "UB6MZfXZFzWmWEOyKbeoXjXe8GBCGgHLywvYDsGQ36HSGtEsAvR2QaTLSxWYcfk1\r\n" \
+    "fbDn4jSWkb4yZy1r01UEigFQtONieGwRFaUqEcFJHJvEEGVgh9keaVlOj2vrwf5r\r\n" \
+    "4mN4lW7gLdenN6g=\r\n"                                                 \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2.crt.der. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER tests/data_files/server2.crt.der */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER {                                          \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x37, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,  \
+    0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30,  \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11,  \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c,  \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d,  \
+    0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x36,  \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34,  \
+    0x34, 0x30, 0x36, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x34, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c,  \
+    0x09, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x30, 0x82,  \
+    0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d,  \
+    0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82,  \
+    0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0xdd, 0xe7,  \
+    0xcd, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x49, 0x72, 0xb8, 0x99, 0xac, 0x0e, 0x78,  \
+    0xe4, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0x13, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xcd,  \
+    0xa3, 0x00, 0x88, 0xa7, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x6b, 0x96, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x90,  \
+    0xef, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0x24, 0x9a, 0xfc, 0xb6, 0x34, 0xac, 0x24,  \
+    0xf5, 0x77, 0xe0, 0x26, 0x64, 0x8c, 0x9c, 0xb0, 0x28, 0x7d, 0xa1, 0xda,  \
+    0xea, 0x8c, 0xe6, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x96, 0xbc, 0xfe, 0xc1, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb3,  \
+    0x36, 0xd4, 0xa3, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xb1, 0x76, 0xd8, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x61, 0xb4,  \
+    0x66, 0x52, 0x36, 0xa2, 0x26, 0x53, 0xaa, 0xab, 0x74, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x7d,  \
+    0x19, 0x82, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0xd8, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xd9, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0x49,  \
+    0x66, 0xf7, 0x5b, 0x25, 0x73, 0x46, 0xe8, 0x0b, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x0c,  \
+    0xb5, 0x00, 0x90, 0xe1, 0xda, 0x82, 0x10, 0x66, 0x7d, 0xae, 0x54, 0x2b,  \
+    0x8b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x91, 0xa1, 0xe2, 0x61, 0xc3, 0xcd, 0x40, 0x49, 0x08,  \
+    0xee, 0x68, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xd2, 0x46, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0xb8, 0xaa,  \
+    0x11, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x44, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f,  \
+    0x85, 0x8b, 0xda, 0x8b, 0x44, 0x5e, 0xe2, 0x18, 0xc6, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xc7,  \
+    0x66, 0x8d, 0xfa, 0x5d, 0xd8, 0x7d, 0xf3, 0x27, 0x89, 0x29, 0x01, 0xc5,  \
+    0x90, 0x0e, 0x3f, 0x27, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x4a, 0x0e, 0xef, 0xd6, 0xde,  \
+    0xc7, 0xc7, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xc7, 0x05, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xc4, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9a,  \
+    0x1d, 0x3e, 0x0f, 0xe8, 0x34, 0x98, 0x5b, 0xcb, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x52, 0x96,  \
+    0xd8, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x2c, 0x80, 0x88, 0x69, 0x39, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0x0f, 0xb0,  \
+    0xde, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x11, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0xea, 0x12, 0x01, 0x30, 0x97, 0x02,  \
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0x30, 0x4b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xa5, 0x05, 0xe8, 0x64, 0xb8, 0xdc,  \
+    0xdf, 0x60, 0x0f, 0x50, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x60, 0xa8, 0x64, 0xaf, 0x4d, 0x8b,  \
+    0x43, 0x93, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30,  \
+    0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6,  \
+    0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30,  \
+    0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05,  \
+    0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x73, 0x0b, 0x4a, 0xc5,  \
+    0xcb, 0xa0, 0xde, 0xf1, 0x63, 0x1c, 0x76, 0x04, 0x2b, 0x13, 0x0d, 0xc0,  \
+    0x84, 0x11, 0xc5, 0x8f, 0x3a, 0xa7, 0xc5, 0x9c, 0x35, 0x7a, 0x77, 0xb8,  \
+    0x20, 0x14, 0x82, 0xee, 0x54, 0xf0, 0xf2, 0xb0, 0x52, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xce,  \
+    0x59, 0x07, 0x4f, 0x51, 0x69, 0xfe, 0xd3, 0x2f, 0xe9, 0x09, 0xe7, 0x85,  \
+    0x92, 0xd8, 0xba, 0xb1, 0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0x5d, 0x61, 0x2d, 0xe9, 0x86,  \
+    0xb5, 0xde, 0x2a, 0xf9, 0x3f, 0x53, 0x28, 0x42, 0x86, 0x83, 0x73, 0x43,  \
+    0xe0, 0x04, 0x5f, 0x07, 0x90, 0x14, 0x65, 0x9f, 0x6e, 0x10, 0x7a, 0xbc,  \
+    0x58, 0x19, 0x22, 0xc2, 0xeb, 0x39, 0x72, 0x51, 0x92, 0xd7, 0xb4, 0x1d,  \
+    0x75, 0x2f, 0xd3, 0x3a, 0x2b, 0x01, 0xe7, 0xdb, 0x50, 0xae, 0xe2, 0xf1,  \
+    0xd4, 0x4d, 0x5b, 0x3c, 0xbb, 0x41, 0x2b, 0x2a, 0xa4, 0xe2, 0x4a, 0x02,  \
+    0xe5, 0x60, 0x14, 0x2c, 0x9c, 0x1f, 0xa6, 0xcc, 0x06, 0x4b, 0x25, 0x89,  \
+    0x4e, 0x96, 0x30, 0x22, 0x9c, 0x5c, 0x58, 0x4d, 0xc3, 0xda, 0xd0, 0x6e,  \
+    0x50, 0x1e, 0x8c, 0x65, 0xf5, 0xd9, 0x17, 0x35, 0xa6, 0x58, 0x43, 0xb2,  \
+    0x29, 0xb7, 0xa8, 0x5e, 0x35, 0xde, 0xf0, 0x60, 0x42, 0x1a, 0x01, 0xcb,  \
+    0xcb, 0x0b, 0xd8, 0x0e, 0xc1, 0x90, 0xdf, 0xa1, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xd1, 0x2c,  \
+    0x02, 0xf4, 0x76, 0x41, 0xa4, 0xcb, 0x4b, 0x15, 0x98, 0x71, 0xf9, 0x35,  \
+    0x7d, 0xb0, 0xe7, 0xe2, 0x34, 0x96, 0x91, 0xbe, 0x32, 0x67, 0x2d, 0x6b,  \
+    0xd3, 0x55, 0x04, 0x8a, 0x01, 0x50, 0xb4, 0xe3, 0x62, 0x78, 0x6c, 0x11,  \
+    0x15, 0xa5, 0x2a, 0x11, 0xc1, 0x49, 0x1c, 0x9b, 0xc4, 0x10, 0x65, 0x60,  \
+    0x87, 0xd9, 0x1e, 0x69, 0x59, 0x4e, 0x8f, 0x6b, 0xeb, 0xc1, 0xfe, 0x6b,  \
+    0xe2, 0x63, 0x78, 0x95, 0x6e, 0xe0, 0x2d, 0xd7, 0xa7, 0x37, 0xa8         \
+}
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2.key. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_PEM tests/data_files/server2.key */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_PEM                                               \
+    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                  \
+    "MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAwU2j3efNHdEE10lyuJmsDnjkOjxKzzoTFtBa5M2jAIin7h5r\r\n" \
+    "lqdStJDvLXJ6PiSa/LY0rCT1d+AmZIycsCh9odrqjObJHJa8/sEEUrM21KP64bF2\r\n" \
+    "2JDBYbRmUjaiJlOqq3ReB30Zgtsq2B+g2Q0cLUlm91slc0boC4pPaQy1AJDh2oIQ\r\n" \
+    "Zn2uVCuLZXmRoeJhw81ASQjuaAzxi4bSRr/QuKoRAx5/VqgaHkQYDw+Fi9qLRF7i\r\n" \
+    "GMZiL8dmjfpd2H3zJ4kpAcWQDj8n8TDISg7v1t7HxydrxwU9esQCPJodPg/oNJhb\r\n" \
+    "y3NLUpbYEaIsgIhpOVrTD7DeWS8Rx/fqEgEwlwIDAQABAoIBAQCXR0S8EIHFGORZ\r\n" \
+    "++AtOg6eENxD+xVs0f1IeGz57Tjo3QnXX7VBZNdj+p1ECvhCE/G7XnkgU5hLZX+G\r\n" \
+    "Z0jkz/tqJOI0vRSdLBbipHnWouyBQ4e/A1yIJdlBtqXxJ1KE/ituHRbNc4j4kL8Z\r\n" \
+    "/r6pvwnTI0PSx2Eqs048YdS92LT6qAv4flbNDxMn2uY7s4ycS4Q8w1JXnCeaAnYm\r\n" \
+    "WYI5wxO+bvRELR2Mcz5DmVnL8jRyml6l6582bSv5oufReFIbyPZbQWlXgYnpu6He\r\n" \
+    "GTc7E1zKYQGG/9+DQUl/1vQuCPqQwny0tQoX2w5tdYpdMdVm+zkLtbajzdTviJJa\r\n" \
+    "TWzL6lt5AoGBAN86+SVeJDcmQJcv4Eq6UhtRr4QGMiQMz0Sod6ettYxYzMgxtw28\r\n" \
+    "CIrgpozCc+UaZJLo7UxvC6an85r1b2nKPCLQFaggJ0H4Q0J/sZOhBIXaoBzWxveK\r\n" \
+    "nupceKdVxGsFi8CDy86DBfiyFivfBj+47BbaQzPBj7C4rK7UlLjab2rDAoGBAN2u\r\n" \
+    "AM2gchoFiu4v1HFL8D7lweEpi6ZnMJjnEu/dEgGQJFjwdpLnPbsj4c75odQ4Gz8g\r\n" \
+    "sw9lao9VVzbusoRE/JGI4aTdO0pATXyG7eG1Qu+5Yc1YGXcCrliA2xM9xx+d7f+s\r\n" \
+    "mPzN+WIEg5GJDYZDjAzHG5BNvi/FfM1C9dOtjv2dAoGAF0t5KmwbjWHBhcVqO4Ic\r\n" \
+    "BVvN3BIlc1ue2YRXEDlxY5b0r8N4XceMgKmW18OHApZxfl8uPDauWZLXOgl4uepv\r\n" \
+    "whZC3EuWrSyyICNhLY21Ah7hbIEBPF3L3ZsOwC+UErL+dXWLdB56Jgy3gZaBeW7b\r\n" \
+    "vDrEnocJbqCm7IukhXHOBK8CgYEAwqdHB0hqyNSzIOGY7v9abzB6pUdA3BZiQvEs\r\n" \
+    "3LjHVd4HPJ2x0N8CgrBIWOE0q8+0hSMmeE96WW/7jD3fPWwCR5zlXknxBQsfv0gP\r\n" \
+    "3BC5PR0Qdypz+d+9zfMf625kyit4T/hzwhDveZUzHnk1Cf+IG7Q+TOEnLnWAWBED\r\n" \
+    "ISOWmrUCgYAFEmRxgwAc/u+D6t0syCwAYh6POtscq9Y0i9GyWk89NzgC4NdwwbBH\r\n" \
+    "4AgahOxIxXx2gxJnq3yfkJfIjwf0s2DyP0kY2y6Ua1OeomPeY9mrIS4tCuDQ6LrE\r\n" \
+    "TB6l9VGoxJL4fyHnZb8L5gGvnB1bbD8cL6YPaDiOhcRseC9vBiEuVg==\r\n"         \
+    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This was generated from tests/data_files/server2.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_DER tests/data_files/server2.key.der */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_DER {                                               \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00,  \
+    0xc1, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0xdd, 0xe7, 0xcd, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x49, 0x72,  \
+    0xb8, 0x99, 0xac, 0x0e, 0x78, 0xe4, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0x13,  \
+    0x16, 0xd0, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xcd, 0xa3, 0x00, 0x88, 0xa7, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x6b,  \
+    0x96, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x90, 0xef, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0x24, 0x9a,  \
+    0xfc, 0xb6, 0x34, 0xac, 0x24, 0xf5, 0x77, 0xe0, 0x26, 0x64, 0x8c, 0x9c,  \
+    0xb0, 0x28, 0x7d, 0xa1, 0xda, 0xea, 0x8c, 0xe6, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x96, 0xbc,  \
+    0xfe, 0xc1, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb3, 0x36, 0xd4, 0xa3, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xb1, 0x76,  \
+    0xd8, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x61, 0xb4, 0x66, 0x52, 0x36, 0xa2, 0x26, 0x53, 0xaa,  \
+    0xab, 0x74, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x7d, 0x19, 0x82, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0xd8, 0x1f, 0xa0,  \
+    0xd9, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0x49, 0x66, 0xf7, 0x5b, 0x25, 0x73, 0x46, 0xe8,  \
+    0x0b, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x0c, 0xb5, 0x00, 0x90, 0xe1, 0xda, 0x82, 0x10,  \
+    0x66, 0x7d, 0xae, 0x54, 0x2b, 0x8b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x91, 0xa1, 0xe2, 0x61,  \
+    0xc3, 0xcd, 0x40, 0x49, 0x08, 0xee, 0x68, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xd2,  \
+    0x46, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0xb8, 0xaa, 0x11, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x1a,  \
+    0x1e, 0x44, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x85, 0x8b, 0xda, 0x8b, 0x44, 0x5e, 0xe2,  \
+    0x18, 0xc6, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xc7, 0x66, 0x8d, 0xfa, 0x5d, 0xd8, 0x7d, 0xf3,  \
+    0x27, 0x89, 0x29, 0x01, 0xc5, 0x90, 0x0e, 0x3f, 0x27, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8,  \
+    0x4a, 0x0e, 0xef, 0xd6, 0xde, 0xc7, 0xc7, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xc7, 0x05, 0x3d,  \
+    0x7a, 0xc4, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9a, 0x1d, 0x3e, 0x0f, 0xe8, 0x34, 0x98, 0x5b,  \
+    0xcb, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x52, 0x96, 0xd8, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x2c, 0x80, 0x88, 0x69,  \
+    0x39, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0xde, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x11, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0xea,  \
+    0x12, 0x01, 0x30, 0x97, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01,  \
+    0x01, 0x00, 0x97, 0x47, 0x44, 0xbc, 0x10, 0x81, 0xc5, 0x18, 0xe4, 0x59,  \
+    0xfb, 0xe0, 0x2d, 0x3a, 0x0e, 0x9e, 0x10, 0xdc, 0x43, 0xfb, 0x15, 0x6c,  \
+    0xd1, 0xfd, 0x48, 0x78, 0x6c, 0xf9, 0xed, 0x38, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x09, 0xd7,  \
+    0x5f, 0xb5, 0x41, 0x64, 0xd7, 0x63, 0xfa, 0x9d, 0x44, 0x0a, 0xf8, 0x42,  \
+    0x13, 0xf1, 0xbb, 0x5e, 0x79, 0x20, 0x53, 0x98, 0x4b, 0x65, 0x7f, 0x86,  \
+    0x67, 0x48, 0xe4, 0xcf, 0xfb, 0x6a, 0x24, 0xe2, 0x34, 0xbd, 0x14, 0x9d,  \
+    0x2c, 0x16, 0xe2, 0xa4, 0x79, 0xd6, 0xa2, 0xec, 0x81, 0x43, 0x87, 0xbf,  \
+    0x03, 0x5c, 0x88, 0x25, 0xd9, 0x41, 0xb6, 0xa5, 0xf1, 0x27, 0x52, 0x84,  \
+    0xfe, 0x2b, 0x6e, 0x1d, 0x16, 0xcd, 0x73, 0x88, 0xf8, 0x90, 0xbf, 0x19,  \
+    0xfe, 0xbe, 0xa9, 0xbf, 0x09, 0xd3, 0x23, 0x43, 0xd2, 0xc7, 0x61, 0x2a,  \
+    0xb3, 0x4e, 0x3c, 0x61, 0xd4, 0xbd, 0xd8, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0xa8, 0x0b, 0xf8,  \
+    0x7e, 0x56, 0xcd, 0x0f, 0x13, 0x27, 0xda, 0xe6, 0x3b, 0xb3, 0x8c, 0x9c,  \
+    0x4b, 0x84, 0x3c, 0xc3, 0x52, 0x57, 0x9c, 0x27, 0x9a, 0x02, 0x76, 0x26,  \
+    0x59, 0x82, 0x39, 0xc3, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x6e, 0xf4, 0x44, 0x2d, 0x1d, 0x8c,  \
+    0x73, 0x3e, 0x43, 0x99, 0x59, 0xcb, 0xf2, 0x34, 0x72, 0x9a, 0x5e, 0xa5,  \
+    0xeb, 0x9f, 0x36, 0x6d, 0x2b, 0xf9, 0xa2, 0xe7, 0xd1, 0x78, 0x52, 0x1b,  \
+    0xc8, 0xf6, 0x5b, 0x41, 0x69, 0x57, 0x81, 0x89, 0xe9, 0xbb, 0xa1, 0xde,  \
+    0x19, 0x37, 0x3b, 0x13, 0x5c, 0xca, 0x61, 0x01, 0x86, 0xff, 0xdf, 0x83,  \
+    0x41, 0x49, 0x7f, 0xd6, 0xf4, 0x2e, 0x08, 0xfa, 0x90, 0xc2, 0x7c, 0xb4,  \
+    0xb5, 0x0a, 0x17, 0xdb, 0x0e, 0x6d, 0x75, 0x8a, 0x5d, 0x31, 0xd5, 0x66,  \
+    0xfb, 0x39, 0x0b, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xa3, 0xcd, 0xd4, 0xef, 0x88, 0x92, 0x5a,  \
+    0x4d, 0x6c, 0xcb, 0xea, 0x5b, 0x79, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xdf, 0x3a,  \
+    0xf9, 0x25, 0x5e, 0x24, 0x37, 0x26, 0x40, 0x97, 0x2f, 0xe0, 0x4a, 0xba,  \
+    0x52, 0x1b, 0x51, 0xaf, 0x84, 0x06, 0x32, 0x24, 0x0c, 0xcf, 0x44, 0xa8,  \
+    0x77, 0xa7, 0xad, 0xb5, 0x8c, 0x58, 0xcc, 0xc8, 0x31, 0xb7, 0x0d, 0xbc,  \
+    0x08, 0x8a, 0xe0, 0xa6, 0x8c, 0xc2, 0x73, 0xe5, 0x1a, 0x64, 0x92, 0xe8,  \
+    0xed, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x0b, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xf3, 0x9a, 0xf5, 0x6f, 0x69, 0xca,  \
+    0x3c, 0x22, 0xd0, 0x15, 0xa8, 0x20, 0x27, 0x41, 0xf8, 0x43, 0x42, 0x7f,  \
+    0xb1, 0x93, 0xa1, 0x04, 0x85, 0xda, 0xa0, 0x1c, 0xd6, 0xc6, 0xf7, 0x8a,  \
+    0x9e, 0xea, 0x5c, 0x78, 0xa7, 0x55, 0xc4, 0x6b, 0x05, 0x8b, 0xc0, 0x83,  \
+    0xcb, 0xce, 0x83, 0x05, 0xf8, 0xb2, 0x16, 0x2b, 0xdf, 0x06, 0x3f, 0xb8,  \
+    0xec, 0x16, 0xda, 0x43, 0x33, 0xc1, 0x8f, 0xb0, 0xb8, 0xac, 0xae, 0xd4,  \
+    0x94, 0xb8, 0xda, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0xc3, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xdd, 0xae,  \
+    0x00, 0xcd, 0xa0, 0x72, 0x1a, 0x05, 0x8a, 0xee, 0x2f, 0xd4, 0x71, 0x4b,  \
+    0xf0, 0x3e, 0xe5, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x29, 0x8b, 0xa6, 0x67, 0x30, 0x98, 0xe7,  \
+    0x12, 0xef, 0xdd, 0x12, 0x01, 0x90, 0x24, 0x58, 0xf0, 0x76, 0x92, 0xe7,  \
+    0x3d, 0xbb, 0x23, 0xe1, 0xce, 0xf9, 0xa1, 0xd4, 0x38, 0x1b, 0x3f, 0x20,  \
+    0xb3, 0x0f, 0x65, 0x6a, 0x8f, 0x55, 0x57, 0x36, 0xee, 0xb2, 0x84, 0x44,  \
+    0xfc, 0x91, 0x88, 0xe1, 0xa4, 0xdd, 0x3b, 0x4a, 0x40, 0x4d, 0x7c, 0x86,  \
+    0xed, 0xe1, 0xb5, 0x42, 0xef, 0xb9, 0x61, 0xcd, 0x58, 0x19, 0x77, 0x02,  \
+    0xae, 0x58, 0x80, 0xdb, 0x13, 0x3d, 0xc7, 0x1f, 0x9d, 0xed, 0xff, 0xac,  \
+    0x98, 0xfc, 0xcd, 0xf9, 0x62, 0x04, 0x83, 0x91, 0x89, 0x0d, 0x86, 0x43,  \
+    0x8c, 0x0c, 0xc7, 0x1b, 0x90, 0x4d, 0xbe, 0x2f, 0xc5, 0x7c, 0xcd, 0x42,  \
+    0xf5, 0xd3, 0xad, 0x8e, 0xfd, 0x9d, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x17, 0x4b, 0x79,  \
+    0x2a, 0x6c, 0x1b, 0x8d, 0x61, 0xc1, 0x85, 0xc5, 0x6a, 0x3b, 0x82, 0x1c,  \
+    0x05, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0xdc, 0x12, 0x25, 0x73, 0x5b, 0x9e, 0xd9, 0x84, 0x57,  \
+    0x10, 0x39, 0x71, 0x63, 0x96, 0xf4, 0xaf, 0xc3, 0x78, 0x5d, 0xc7, 0x8c,  \
+    0x80, 0xa9, 0x96, 0xd7, 0xc3, 0x87, 0x02, 0x96, 0x71, 0x7e, 0x5f, 0x2e,  \
+    0x3c, 0x36, 0xae, 0x59, 0x92, 0xd7, 0x3a, 0x09, 0x78, 0xb9, 0xea, 0x6f,  \
+    0xc2, 0x16, 0x42, 0xdc, 0x4b, 0x96, 0xad, 0x2c, 0xb2, 0x20, 0x23, 0x61,  \
+    0x2d, 0x8d, 0xb5, 0x02, 0x1e, 0xe1, 0x6c, 0x81, 0x01, 0x3c, 0x5d, 0xcb,  \
+    0xdd, 0x9b, 0x0e, 0xc0, 0x2f, 0x94, 0x12, 0xb2, 0xfe, 0x75, 0x75, 0x8b,  \
+    0x74, 0x1e, 0x7a, 0x26, 0x0c, 0xb7, 0x81, 0x96, 0x81, 0x79, 0x6e, 0xdb,  \
+    0xbc, 0x3a, 0xc4, 0x9e, 0x87, 0x09, 0x6e, 0xa0, 0xa6, 0xec, 0x8b, 0xa4,  \
+    0x85, 0x71, 0xce, 0x04, 0xaf, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xc2, 0xa7, 0x47,  \
+    0x07, 0x48, 0x6a, 0xc8, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x20, 0xe1, 0x98, 0xee, 0xff, 0x5a,  \
+    0x6f, 0x30, 0x7a, 0xa5, 0x47, 0x40, 0xdc, 0x16, 0x62, 0x42, 0xf1, 0x2c,  \
+    0xdc, 0xb8, 0xc7, 0x55, 0xde, 0x07, 0x3c, 0x9d, 0xb1, 0xd0, 0xdf, 0x02,  \
+    0x82, 0xb0, 0x48, 0x58, 0xe1, 0x34, 0xab, 0xcf, 0xb4, 0x85, 0x23, 0x26,  \
+    0x78, 0x4f, 0x7a, 0x59, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0x8c, 0x3d, 0xdf, 0x3d, 0x6c, 0x02,  \
+    0x47, 0x9c, 0xe5, 0x5e, 0x49, 0xf1, 0x05, 0x0b, 0x1f, 0xbf, 0x48, 0x0f,  \
+    0xdc, 0x10, 0xb9, 0x3d, 0x1d, 0x10, 0x77, 0x2a, 0x73, 0xf9, 0xdf, 0xbd,  \
+    0xcd, 0xf3, 0x1f, 0xeb, 0x6e, 0x64, 0xca, 0x2b, 0x78, 0x4f, 0xf8, 0x73,  \
+    0xc2, 0x10, 0xef, 0x79, 0x95, 0x33, 0x1e, 0x79, 0x35, 0x09, 0xff, 0x88,  \
+    0x1b, 0xb4, 0x3e, 0x4c, 0xe1, 0x27, 0x2e, 0x75, 0x80, 0x58, 0x11, 0x03,  \
+    0x21, 0x23, 0x96, 0x9a, 0xb5, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x05, 0x12, 0x64, 0x71,  \
+    0x83, 0x00, 0x1c, 0xfe, 0xef, 0x83, 0xea, 0xdd, 0x2c, 0xc8, 0x2c, 0x00,  \
+    0x62, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0x3a, 0xdb, 0x1c, 0xab, 0xd6, 0x34, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0xb2,  \
+    0x5a, 0x4f, 0x3d, 0x37, 0x38, 0x02, 0xe0, 0xd7, 0x70, 0xc1, 0xb0, 0x47,  \
+    0xe0, 0x08, 0x1a, 0x84, 0xec, 0x48, 0xc5, 0x7c, 0x76, 0x83, 0x12, 0x67,  \
+    0xab, 0x7c, 0x9f, 0x90, 0x97, 0xc8, 0x8f, 0x07, 0xf4, 0xb3, 0x60, 0xf2,  \
+    0x3f, 0x49, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x2e, 0x94, 0x6b, 0x53, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x63, 0xde,  \
+    0x63, 0xd9, 0xab, 0x21, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0x0a, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xe8, 0xba, 0xc4,  \
+    0x4c, 0x1e, 0xa5, 0xf5, 0x51, 0xa8, 0xc4, 0x92, 0xf8, 0x7f, 0x21, 0xe7,  \
+    0x65, 0xbf, 0x0b, 0xe6, 0x01, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x5b, 0x6c, 0x3f, 0x1c,  \
+    0x2f, 0xa6, 0x0f, 0x68, 0x38, 0x8e, 0x85, 0xc4, 0x6c, 0x78, 0x2f, 0x6f,  \
+    0x06, 0x21, 0x2e, 0x56                                                   \
+}
+/* END FILE */
+
+/*
+ * Test client Certificates
+ *
+ * Test client certificates are defined for each choice
+ * of the following parameters:
+ * - PEM or DER encoding
+ * - RSA or EC key
+ *
+ * Things to add:
+ * - hash type
+ * - multiple EC curve types
+ */
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli2.crt. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_PEM tests/data_files/cli2.crt */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIICLDCCAbKgAwIBAgIBDTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjBBMQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHzAdBgNVBAMTFlBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ2xpZW50IDIw\r\n" \
+    "WTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAARX5a6xc9/TrLuTuIH/Eq7u5lOszlVT\r\n" \
+    "9jQOzC7jYyUL35ji81xgNpbA1RgUcOV/n9VLRRjlsGzVXPiWj4dwo+THo4GdMIGa\r\n" \
+    "MAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFHoAX4Zk/OBd5REQO7LmO8QmP8/iMG4GA1Ud\r\n" \
+    "IwRnMGWAFJ1tICRJAT8ry3i1Gbx+JMnb+zZ8oUKkQDA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0GC\r\n" \
+    "CQDBQ+J+YkPM6DAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNoADBlAjBKZQ17IIOimbmoD/yN7o89u3BM\r\n" \
+    "lgOsjnhw3fIOoLIWy2WOGsk/LGF++DzvrRzuNiACMQCd8iem1XS4JK7haj8xocpU\r\n" \
+    "LwjQje5PDGHfd3h9tP38Qknu5bJqws0md2KOKHyeV0U=\r\n"                     \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/cli2.crt.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_DER tests/data_files/cli2.crt.der */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_DER {                                                \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x2c, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0xb2, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce,  \
+    0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13,  \
+    0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65,  \
+    0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d,  \
+    0x31, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35, 0x32, 0x30, 0x34,  \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x32, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35,  \
+    0x32, 0x30, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x41, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1f, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13,  \
+    0x16, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65,  \
+    0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x20, 0x32, 0x30,  \
+    0x59, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0x03, 0x42,  \
+    0x00, 0x04, 0x57, 0xe5, 0xae, 0xb1, 0x73, 0xdf, 0xd3, 0xac, 0xbb, 0x93,  \
+    0xb8, 0x81, 0xff, 0x12, 0xae, 0xee, 0xe6, 0x53, 0xac, 0xce, 0x55, 0x53,  \
+    0xf6, 0x34, 0x0e, 0xcc, 0x2e, 0xe3, 0x63, 0x25, 0x0b, 0xdf, 0x98, 0xe2,  \
+    0xf3, 0x5c, 0x60, 0x36, 0x96, 0xc0, 0xd5, 0x18, 0x14, 0x70, 0xe5, 0x7f,  \
+    0x9f, 0xd5, 0x4b, 0x45, 0x18, 0xe5, 0xb0, 0x6c, 0xd5, 0x5c, 0xf8, 0x96,  \
+    0x8f, 0x87, 0x70, 0xa3, 0xe4, 0xc7, 0xa3, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x81, 0x9a,  \
+    0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30,  \
+    0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x7a, 0x00,  \
+    0x5f, 0x86, 0x64, 0xfc, 0xe0, 0x5d, 0xe5, 0x11, 0x10, 0x3b, 0xb2, 0xe6,  \
+    0x3b, 0xc4, 0x26, 0x3f, 0xcf, 0xe2, 0x30, 0x6e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d,  \
+    0x23, 0x04, 0x67, 0x30, 0x65, 0x80, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x24, 0x49,  \
+    0x01, 0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24, 0xc9, 0xdb,  \
+    0xfb, 0x36, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0xa4, 0x40, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30,  \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11,  \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c,  \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x82,  \
+    0x09, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x0a,  \
+    0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x03, 0x68,  \
+    0x00, 0x30, 0x65, 0x02, 0x30, 0x4a, 0x65, 0x0d, 0x7b, 0x20, 0x83, 0xa2,  \
+    0x99, 0xb9, 0xa8, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x8d, 0xee, 0x8f, 0x3d, 0xbb, 0x70, 0x4c,  \
+    0x96, 0x03, 0xac, 0x8e, 0x78, 0x70, 0xdd, 0xf2, 0x0e, 0xa0, 0xb2, 0x16,  \
+    0xcb, 0x65, 0x8e, 0x1a, 0xc9, 0x3f, 0x2c, 0x61, 0x7e, 0xf8, 0x3c, 0xef,  \
+    0xad, 0x1c, 0xee, 0x36, 0x20, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0x9d, 0xf2, 0x27, 0xa6,  \
+    0xd5, 0x74, 0xb8, 0x24, 0xae, 0xe1, 0x6a, 0x3f, 0x31, 0xa1, 0xca, 0x54,  \
+    0x2f, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x8d, 0xee, 0x4f, 0x0c, 0x61, 0xdf, 0x77, 0x78, 0x7d,  \
+    0xb4, 0xfd, 0xfc, 0x42, 0x49, 0xee, 0xe5, 0xb2, 0x6a, 0xc2, 0xcd, 0x26,  \
+    0x77, 0x62, 0x8e, 0x28, 0x7c, 0x9e, 0x57, 0x45                           \
+}
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli2.key. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_PEM tests/data_files/cli2.key */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MHcCAQEEIPb3hmTxZ3/mZI3vyk7p3U3wBf+WIop6hDhkFzJhmLcqoAoGCCqGSM49\r\n" \
+    "AwEHoUQDQgAEV+WusXPf06y7k7iB/xKu7uZTrM5VU/Y0Dswu42MlC9+Y4vNcYDaW\r\n" \
+    "wNUYFHDlf5/VS0UY5bBs1Vz4lo+HcKPkxw==\r\n"                             \
+    "-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/cli2.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_DER tests/data_files/cli2.key.der */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_DER {                                                \
+    0x30, 0x77, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x20, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0x86, 0x64, 0xf1,  \
+    0x67, 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x64, 0x8d, 0xef, 0xca, 0x4e, 0xe9, 0xdd, 0x4d, 0xf0,  \
+    0x05, 0xff, 0x96, 0x22, 0x8a, 0x7a, 0x84, 0x38, 0x64, 0x17, 0x32, 0x61,  \
+    0x98, 0xb7, 0x2a, 0xa0, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d,  \
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0xa1, 0x44, 0x03, 0x42, 0x00, 0x04, 0x57, 0xe5, 0xae,  \
+    0xb1, 0x73, 0xdf, 0xd3, 0xac, 0xbb, 0x93, 0xb8, 0x81, 0xff, 0x12, 0xae,  \
+    0xee, 0xe6, 0x53, 0xac, 0xce, 0x55, 0x53, 0xf6, 0x34, 0x0e, 0xcc, 0x2e,  \
+    0xe3, 0x63, 0x25, 0x0b, 0xdf, 0x98, 0xe2, 0xf3, 0x5c, 0x60, 0x36, 0x96,  \
+    0xc0, 0xd5, 0x18, 0x14, 0x70, 0xe5, 0x7f, 0x9f, 0xd5, 0x4b, 0x45, 0x18,  \
+    0xe5, 0xb0, 0x6c, 0xd5, 0x5c, 0xf8, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x87, 0x70, 0xa3, 0xe4,  \
+    0xc7                                                                     \
+}
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_PEM tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_PEM                                               \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIIDPzCCAiegAwIBAgIBBDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA8MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGjAYBgNVBAMMEVBvbGFyU1NMIENsaWVudCAyMIIBIjAN\r\n" \
+    "BgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6f\r\n" \
+    "M60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaFB9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu\r\n" \
+    "1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEw\r\n" \
+    "MjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v\r\n" \
+    "4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx/\r\n" \
+    "/DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+vdqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQAB\r\n" \
+    "o00wSzAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRxoQBzckAvVHZeM/xSj7zx3WtGITAf\r\n" \
+    "BgNVHSMEGDAWgBS0WuSls97SUva51aaVD+s+vMf9/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOC\r\n" \
+    "AQEAlHabem2Tu69VUN7EipwnQn1dIHdgvT5i+iQHpSxY1crPnBbAeSdAXwsVEqLQ\r\n" \
+    "gOOIAQD5VIITNuoGgo4i+4OpNh9u7ZkpRHla+/swsfrFWRRbBNP5Bcu74AGLstwU\r\n" \
+    "zM8gIkBiyfM1Q1qDQISV9trlCG6O8vh8dp/rbI3rfzo99BOHXgFCrzXjCuW4vDsF\r\n" \
+    "r+Dao26bX3sJ6UnEWg1H3o2x6PpUcvQ36h71/bz4TEbbUUEpe02V4QWuL+wrhHJL\r\n" \
+    "U7o3SVE3Og7jPF8sat0a50YUWhwEFI256m02KAXLg89ueUyYKEr6rNwhcvXJpvU9\r\n" \
+    "giIVvd0Sbjjnn7NC4VDbcXV8vw==\r\n"                                     \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This was generated from tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der
+   using `xxd -i.` */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_DER tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_DER {                                               \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x27, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,  \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x04, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,  \
+    0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30,  \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11,  \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c,  \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,  \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c,  \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d,  \
+    0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x36,  \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34,  \
+    0x34, 0x30, 0x36, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x3c, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03,  \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06,  \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53,  \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1a, 0x30, 0x18, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c,  \
+    0x11, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6c,  \
+    0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x20, 0x32, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d,  \
+    0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05,  \
+    0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82,  \
+    0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc8, 0x74, 0xc4, 0xcc, 0xb9, 0xf9, 0xb5, 0x79, 0xe9,  \
+    0x45, 0xd9, 0x14, 0x60, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xbb, 0x93, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x9f,  \
+    0x33, 0xad, 0x0d, 0x8f, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x56, 0x65, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x44, 0xd9,  \
+    0xcc, 0x66, 0x85, 0x07, 0xd5, 0xf8, 0x27, 0xb0, 0x4a, 0x35, 0xd0, 0x63,  \
+    0x9e, 0x0a, 0x6e, 0x1b, 0xb7, 0xda, 0xf0, 0x7e, 0xab, 0xee, 0x0c, 0x10,  \
+    0x93, 0x86, 0x49, 0x18, 0x34, 0xf3, 0xa8, 0x2a, 0xd2, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x2e,  \
+    0xd4, 0x2f, 0x77, 0x29, 0x84, 0x61, 0x4d, 0x82, 0x50, 0x8f, 0xa7, 0x95,  \
+    0x48, 0x70, 0xf5, 0x6e, 0x4d, 0xb2, 0xd5, 0x13, 0xc3, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xed,  \
+    0xe6, 0x43, 0xea, 0x42, 0x14, 0xeb, 0x74, 0xea, 0xc0, 0xed, 0x1f, 0xd4,  \
+    0x57, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0xf3, 0xa8, 0xed, 0xd2, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x30, 0x71, 0x30,  \
+    0x32, 0x30, 0xd5, 0xd3, 0xf6, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x56, 0x4f, 0x46, 0x8e, 0xf2,  \
+    0x5f, 0xf9, 0x3d, 0x67, 0x91, 0x88, 0x30, 0x2e, 0x42, 0xb2, 0xdf, 0x7d,  \
+    0xfb, 0xe5, 0x0c, 0x77, 0xff, 0xec, 0x31, 0xc0, 0x78, 0x8f, 0xbf, 0xc2,  \
+    0x7f, 0xca, 0xad, 0x6c, 0x21, 0xd6, 0x8d, 0xd9, 0x8b, 0x6a, 0x8e, 0x6f,  \
+    0xe0, 0x9b, 0xf8, 0x10, 0x56, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x8e, 0x13, 0x15, 0xe6, 0x34,  \
+    0x04, 0x66, 0xc7, 0xee, 0xf9, 0x36, 0x0e, 0x6a, 0x95, 0xf6, 0x09, 0x9a,  \
+    0x06, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x65, 0x71, 0xf8, 0xca, 0xa4, 0xb1, 0x25, 0xe0, 0xfe,  \
+    0x3c, 0x8b, 0x35, 0x04, 0x67, 0xba, 0xe0, 0x4f, 0x76, 0x85, 0xfc, 0x7f,  \
+    0xfc, 0x36, 0x6b, 0xb5, 0xe9, 0xcd, 0x2d, 0x03, 0x62, 0x4e, 0xb3, 0x3d,  \
+    0x00, 0xcf, 0xaf, 0x76, 0xa0, 0x69, 0x56, 0x83, 0x6a, 0xd2, 0xa8, 0xd4,  \
+    0xe7, 0x50, 0x71, 0xe6, 0xb5, 0x36, 0x05, 0x77, 0x05, 0x6d, 0x7b, 0xc8,  \
+    0xe4, 0xc4, 0xfd, 0x4c, 0xd5, 0x21, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,  \
+    0xa3, 0x4d, 0x30, 0x4b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04,  \
+    0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16,  \
+    0x04, 0x14, 0x71, 0xa1, 0x00, 0x73, 0x72, 0x40, 0x2f, 0x54, 0x76, 0x5e,  \
+    0x33, 0xfc, 0x52, 0x8f, 0xbc, 0xf1, 0xdd, 0x6b, 0x46, 0x21, 0x30, 0x1f,  \
+    0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xb4,  \
+    0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95,  \
+    0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a,  \
+    0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82,  \
+    0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x94, 0x76, 0x9b, 0x7a, 0x6d, 0x93, 0xbb, 0xaf, 0x55,  \
+    0x50, 0xde, 0xc4, 0x8a, 0x9c, 0x27, 0x42, 0x7d, 0x5d, 0x20, 0x77, 0x60,  \
+    0xbd, 0x3e, 0x62, 0xfa, 0x24, 0x07, 0xa5, 0x2c, 0x58, 0xd5, 0xca, 0xcf,  \
+    0x9c, 0x16, 0xc0, 0x79, 0x27, 0x40, 0x5f, 0x0b, 0x15, 0x12, 0xa2, 0xd0,  \
+    0x80, 0xe3, 0x88, 0x01, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x54, 0x82, 0x13, 0x36, 0xea, 0x06,  \
+    0x82, 0x8e, 0x22, 0xfb, 0x83, 0xa9, 0x36, 0x1f, 0x6e, 0xed, 0x99, 0x29,  \
+    0x44, 0x79, 0x5a, 0xfb, 0xfb, 0x30, 0xb1, 0xfa, 0xc5, 0x59, 0x14, 0x5b,  \
+    0x04, 0xd3, 0xf9, 0x05, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x8b, 0xb2, 0xdc, 0x14,  \
+    0xcc, 0xcf, 0x20, 0x22, 0x40, 0x62, 0xc9, 0xf3, 0x35, 0x43, 0x5a, 0x83,  \
+    0x40, 0x84, 0x95, 0xf6, 0xda, 0xe5, 0x08, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0xf8, 0x7c,  \
+    0x76, 0x9f, 0xeb, 0x6c, 0x8d, 0xeb, 0x7f, 0x3a, 0x3d, 0xf4, 0x13, 0x87,  \
+    0x5e, 0x01, 0x42, 0xaf, 0x35, 0xe3, 0x0a, 0xe5, 0xb8, 0xbc, 0x3b, 0x05,  \
+    0xaf, 0xe0, 0xda, 0xa3, 0x6e, 0x9b, 0x5f, 0x7b, 0x09, 0xe9, 0x49, 0xc4,  \
+    0x5a, 0x0d, 0x47, 0xde, 0x8d, 0xb1, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x54, 0x72, 0xf4, 0x37,  \
+    0xea, 0x1e, 0xf5, 0xfd, 0xbc, 0xf8, 0x4c, 0x46, 0xdb, 0x51, 0x41, 0x29,  \
+    0x7b, 0x4d, 0x95, 0xe1, 0x05, 0xae, 0x2f, 0xec, 0x2b, 0x84, 0x72, 0x4b,  \
+    0x53, 0xba, 0x37, 0x49, 0x51, 0x37, 0x3a, 0x0e, 0xe3, 0x3c, 0x5f, 0x2c,  \
+    0x6a, 0xdd, 0x1a, 0xe7, 0x46, 0x14, 0x5a, 0x1c, 0x04, 0x14, 0x8d, 0xb9,  \
+    0xea, 0x6d, 0x36, 0x28, 0x05, 0xcb, 0x83, 0xcf, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x4c, 0x98,  \
+    0x28, 0x4a, 0xfa, 0xac, 0xdc, 0x21, 0x72, 0xf5, 0xc9, 0xa6, 0xf5, 0x3d,  \
+    0x82, 0x22, 0x15, 0xbd, 0xdd, 0x12, 0x6e, 0x38, 0xe7, 0x9f, 0xb3, 0x42,  \
+    0xe1, 0x50, 0xdb, 0x71, 0x75, 0x7c, 0xbf                                 \
+}
+/* END FILE */
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key. */
+/* BEGIN FILE string macro TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_PEM tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_PEM                                               \
+    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                  \
+    "MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6fM60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaF\r\n" \
+    "B9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1\r\n" \
+    "bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEwMjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9\r\n" \
+    "Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH\r\n" \
+    "7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx//DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+v\r\n" \
+    "dqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQABAoIBAGdNtfYDiap6bzst\r\n" \
+    "yhCiI8m9TtrhZw4MisaEaN/ll3XSjaOG2dvV6xMZCMV+5TeXDHOAZnY18Yi18vzz\r\n" \
+    "4Ut2TnNFzizCECYNaA2fST3WgInnxUkV3YXAyP6CNxJaCmv2aA0yFr2kFVSeaKGt\r\n" \
+    "ymvljNp2NVkvm7Th8fBQBO7I7AXhz43k0mR7XmPgewe8ApZOG3hstkOaMvbWAvWA\r\n" \
+    "zCZupdDjZYjOJqlA4eEA4H8/w7F83r5CugeBE8LgEREjLPiyejrU5H1fubEY+h0d\r\n" \
+    "l5HZBJ68ybTXfQ5U9o/QKA3dd0toBEhhdRUDGzWtjvwkEQfqF1reGWj/tod/gCpf\r\n" \
+    "DFi6X0ECgYEA4wOv/pjSC3ty6TuOvKX2rOUiBrLXXv2JSxZnMoMiWI5ipLQt+RYT\r\n" \
+    "VPafL/m7Dn6MbwjayOkcZhBwk5CNz5A6Q4lJ64Mq/lqHznRCQQ2Mc1G8eyDF/fYL\r\n" \
+    "Ze2pLvwP9VD5jTc2miDfw+MnvJhywRRLcemDFP8k4hQVtm8PMp3ZmNECgYEA4gz7\r\n" \
+    "wzObR4gn8ibe617uQPZjWzUj9dUHYd+in1gwBCIrtNnaRn9I9U/Q6tegRYpii4ys\r\n" \
+    "c176NmU+umy6XmuSKV5qD9bSpZWG2nLFnslrN15Lm3fhZxoeMNhBaEDTnLT26yoi\r\n" \
+    "33gp0mSSWy94ZEqipms+ULF6sY1ZtFW6tpGFoy8CgYAQHhnnvJflIs2ky4q10B60\r\n" \
+    "ZcxFp3rtDpkp0JxhFLhiizFrujMtZSjYNm5U7KkgPVHhLELEUvCmOnKTt4ap/vZ0\r\n" \
+    "BxJNe1GZH3pW6SAvGDQpl9sG7uu/vTFP+lCxukmzxB0DrrDcvorEkKMom7ZCCRvW\r\n" \
+    "KZsZ6YeH2Z81BauRj218kQKBgQCUV/DgKP2985xDTT79N08jUo3hTP5MVYCCuj/+\r\n" \
+    "UeEw1TvZcx3LJby7P6Xad6a1/BqveaGyFKIfEFIaBUBItk801sDDpDaYc4gL00Xc\r\n" \
+    "7lFuBHOZkxJYlss5QrGpuOEl9ZwUt5IrFLBdYaKqNHzNVC1pCPfb/JyH6Dr2HUxq\r\n" \
+    "gxUwAQKBgQCcU6G2L8AG9d9c0UpOyL1tMvFe5Ttw0KjlQVdsh1MP6yigYo9DYuwu\r\n" \
+    "bHFVW2r0dBTqegP2/KTOxKzaHfC1qf0RGDsUoJCNJrd1cwoCLG8P2EF4w3OBrKqv\r\n" \
+    "8u4ytY0F+Vlanj5lm3TaoHSVF1+NWPyOTiwevIECGKwSxvlki4fDAA==\r\n"         \
+    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"/* END FILE */
+
+/* This was generated from tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+/* BEGIN FILE binary macro TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_DER tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key.der */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_DER {                                               \
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00,  \
+    0xc8, 0x74, 0xc4, 0xcc, 0xb9, 0xf9, 0xb5, 0x79, 0xe9, 0x45, 0xd9, 0x14,  \
+    0x60, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xbb, 0x93, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x9f, 0x33, 0xad, 0x0d,  \
+    0x8f, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x56, 0x65, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x44, 0xd9, 0xcc, 0x66, 0x85,  \
+    0x07, 0xd5, 0xf8, 0x27, 0xb0, 0x4a, 0x35, 0xd0, 0x63, 0x9e, 0x0a, 0x6e,  \
+    0x1b, 0xb7, 0xda, 0xf0, 0x7e, 0xab, 0xee, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x93, 0x86, 0x49,  \
+    0x18, 0x34, 0xf3, 0xa8, 0x2a, 0xd2, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x2e, 0xd4, 0x2f, 0x77,  \
+    0x29, 0x84, 0x61, 0x4d, 0x82, 0x50, 0x8f, 0xa7, 0x95, 0x48, 0x70, 0xf5,  \
+    0x6e, 0x4d, 0xb2, 0xd5, 0x13, 0xc3, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xed, 0xe6, 0x43, 0xea,  \
+    0x42, 0x14, 0xeb, 0x74, 0xea, 0xc0, 0xed, 0x1f, 0xd4, 0x57, 0x4e, 0xa9,  \
+    0xf3, 0xa8, 0xed, 0xd2, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x30, 0x71, 0x30, 0x32, 0x30, 0xd5,  \
+    0xd3, 0xf6, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x56, 0x4f, 0x46, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0xf9, 0x3d,  \
+    0x67, 0x91, 0x88, 0x30, 0x2e, 0x42, 0xb2, 0xdf, 0x7d, 0xfb, 0xe5, 0x0c,  \
+    0x77, 0xff, 0xec, 0x31, 0xc0, 0x78, 0x8f, 0xbf, 0xc2, 0x7f, 0xca, 0xad,  \
+    0x6c, 0x21, 0xd6, 0x8d, 0xd9, 0x8b, 0x6a, 0x8e, 0x6f, 0xe0, 0x9b, 0xf8,  \
+    0x10, 0x56, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x8e, 0x13, 0x15, 0xe6, 0x34, 0x04, 0x66, 0xc7,  \
+    0xee, 0xf9, 0x36, 0x0e, 0x6a, 0x95, 0xf6, 0x09, 0x9a, 0x06, 0x67, 0xf4,  \
+    0x65, 0x71, 0xf8, 0xca, 0xa4, 0xb1, 0x25, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x3c, 0x8b, 0x35,  \
+    0x04, 0x67, 0xba, 0xe0, 0x4f, 0x76, 0x85, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0xfc, 0x36, 0x6b,  \
+    0xb5, 0xe9, 0xcd, 0x2d, 0x03, 0x62, 0x4e, 0xb3, 0x3d, 0x00, 0xcf, 0xaf,  \
+    0x76, 0xa0, 0x69, 0x56, 0x83, 0x6a, 0xd2, 0xa8, 0xd4, 0xe7, 0x50, 0x71,  \
+    0xe6, 0xb5, 0x36, 0x05, 0x77, 0x05, 0x6d, 0x7b, 0xc8, 0xe4, 0xc4, 0xfd,  \
+    0x4c, 0xd5, 0x21, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01,  \
+    0x00, 0x67, 0x4d, 0xb5, 0xf6, 0x03, 0x89, 0xaa, 0x7a, 0x6f, 0x3b, 0x2d,  \
+    0xca, 0x10, 0xa2, 0x23, 0xc9, 0xbd, 0x4e, 0xda, 0xe1, 0x67, 0x0e, 0x0c,  \
+    0x8a, 0xc6, 0x84, 0x68, 0xdf, 0xe5, 0x97, 0x75, 0xd2, 0x8d, 0xa3, 0x86,  \
+    0xd9, 0xdb, 0xd5, 0xeb, 0x13, 0x19, 0x08, 0xc5, 0x7e, 0xe5, 0x37, 0x97,  \
+    0x0c, 0x73, 0x80, 0x66, 0x76, 0x35, 0xf1, 0x88, 0xb5, 0xf2, 0xfc, 0xf3,  \
+    0xe1, 0x4b, 0x76, 0x4e, 0x73, 0x45, 0xce, 0x2c, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x26, 0x0d,  \
+    0x68, 0x0d, 0x9f, 0x49, 0x3d, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x89, 0xe7, 0xc5, 0x49, 0x15,  \
+    0xdd, 0x85, 0xc0, 0xc8, 0xfe, 0x82, 0x37, 0x12, 0x5a, 0x0a, 0x6b, 0xf6,  \
+    0x68, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x16, 0xbd, 0xa4, 0x15, 0x54, 0x9e, 0x68, 0xa1, 0xad,  \
+    0xca, 0x6b, 0xe5, 0x8c, 0xda, 0x76, 0x35, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0xe1,  \
+    0xf1, 0xf0, 0x50, 0x04, 0xee, 0xc8, 0xec, 0x05, 0xe1, 0xcf, 0x8d, 0xe4,  \
+    0xd2, 0x64, 0x7b, 0x5e, 0x63, 0xe0, 0x7b, 0x07, 0xbc, 0x02, 0x96, 0x4e,  \
+    0x1b, 0x78, 0x6c, 0xb6, 0x43, 0x9a, 0x32, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0x02, 0xf5, 0x80,  \
+    0xcc, 0x26, 0x6e, 0xa5, 0xd0, 0xe3, 0x65, 0x88, 0xce, 0x26, 0xa9, 0x40,  \
+    0xe1, 0xe1, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0xc3, 0xb1, 0x7c, 0xde, 0xbe, 0x42,  \
+    0xba, 0x07, 0x81, 0x13, 0xc2, 0xe0, 0x11, 0x11, 0x23, 0x2c, 0xf8, 0xb2,  \
+    0x7a, 0x3a, 0xd4, 0xe4, 0x7d, 0x5f, 0xb9, 0xb1, 0x18, 0xfa, 0x1d, 0x1d,  \
+    0x97, 0x91, 0xd9, 0x04, 0x9e, 0xbc, 0xc9, 0xb4, 0xd7, 0x7d, 0x0e, 0x54,  \
+    0xf6, 0x8f, 0xd0, 0x28, 0x0d, 0xdd, 0x77, 0x4b, 0x68, 0x04, 0x48, 0x61,  \
+    0x75, 0x15, 0x03, 0x1b, 0x35, 0xad, 0x8e, 0xfc, 0x24, 0x11, 0x07, 0xea,  \
+    0x17, 0x5a, 0xde, 0x19, 0x68, 0xff, 0xb6, 0x87, 0x7f, 0x80, 0x2a, 0x5f,  \
+    0x0c, 0x58, 0xba, 0x5f, 0x41, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe3, 0x03, 0xaf,  \
+    0xfe, 0x98, 0xd2, 0x0b, 0x7b, 0x72, 0xe9, 0x3b, 0x8e, 0xbc, 0xa5, 0xf6,  \
+    0xac, 0xe5, 0x22, 0x06, 0xb2, 0xd7, 0x5e, 0xfd, 0x89, 0x4b, 0x16, 0x67,  \
+    0x32, 0x83, 0x22, 0x58, 0x8e, 0x62, 0xa4, 0xb4, 0x2d, 0xf9, 0x16, 0x13,  \
+    0x54, 0xf6, 0x9f, 0x2f, 0xf9, 0xbb, 0x0e, 0x7e, 0x8c, 0x6f, 0x08, 0xda,  \
+    0xc8, 0xe9, 0x1c, 0x66, 0x10, 0x70, 0x93, 0x90, 0x8d, 0xcf, 0x90, 0x3a,  \
+    0x43, 0x89, 0x49, 0xeb, 0x83, 0x2a, 0xfe, 0x5a, 0x87, 0xce, 0x74, 0x42,  \
+    0x41, 0x0d, 0x8c, 0x73, 0x51, 0xbc, 0x7b, 0x20, 0xc5, 0xfd, 0xf6, 0x0b,  \
+    0x65, 0xed, 0xa9, 0x2e, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xf5, 0x50, 0xf9, 0x8d, 0x37, 0x36,  \
+    0x9a, 0x20, 0xdf, 0xc3, 0xe3, 0x27, 0xbc, 0x98, 0x72, 0xc1, 0x14, 0x4b,  \
+    0x71, 0xe9, 0x83, 0x14, 0xff, 0x24, 0xe2, 0x14, 0x15, 0xb6, 0x6f, 0x0f,  \
+    0x32, 0x9d, 0xd9, 0x98, 0xd1, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe2, 0x0c, 0xfb,  \
+    0xc3, 0x33, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x88, 0x27, 0xf2, 0x26, 0xde, 0xeb, 0x5e, 0xee,  \
+    0x40, 0xf6, 0x63, 0x5b, 0x35, 0x23, 0xf5, 0xd5, 0x07, 0x61, 0xdf, 0xa2,  \
+    0x9f, 0x58, 0x30, 0x04, 0x22, 0x2b, 0xb4, 0xd9, 0xda, 0x46, 0x7f, 0x48,  \
+    0xf5, 0x4f, 0xd0, 0xea, 0xd7, 0xa0, 0x45, 0x8a, 0x62, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0xac,  \
+    0x73, 0x5e, 0xfa, 0x36, 0x65, 0x3e, 0xba, 0x6c, 0xba, 0x5e, 0x6b, 0x92,  \
+    0x29, 0x5e, 0x6a, 0x0f, 0xd6, 0xd2, 0xa5, 0x95, 0x86, 0xda, 0x72, 0xc5,  \
+    0x9e, 0xc9, 0x6b, 0x37, 0x5e, 0x4b, 0x9b, 0x77, 0xe1, 0x67, 0x1a, 0x1e,  \
+    0x30, 0xd8, 0x41, 0x68, 0x40, 0xd3, 0x9c, 0xb4, 0xf6, 0xeb, 0x2a, 0x22,  \
+    0xdf, 0x78, 0x29, 0xd2, 0x64, 0x92, 0x5b, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x64, 0x4a, 0xa2,  \
+    0xa6, 0x6b, 0x3e, 0x50, 0xb1, 0x7a, 0xb1, 0x8d, 0x59, 0xb4, 0x55, 0xba,  \
+    0xb6, 0x91, 0x85, 0xa3, 0x2f, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x10, 0x1e, 0x19, 0xe7,  \
+    0xbc, 0x97, 0xe5, 0x22, 0xcd, 0xa4, 0xcb, 0x8a, 0xb5, 0xd0, 0x1e, 0xb4,  \
+    0x65, 0xcc, 0x45, 0xa7, 0x7a, 0xed, 0x0e, 0x99, 0x29, 0xd0, 0x9c, 0x61,  \
+    0x14, 0xb8, 0x62, 0x8b, 0x31, 0x6b, 0xba, 0x33, 0x2d, 0x65, 0x28, 0xd8,  \
+    0x36, 0x6e, 0x54, 0xec, 0xa9, 0x20, 0x3d, 0x51, 0xe1, 0x2c, 0x42, 0xc4,  \
+    0x52, 0xf0, 0xa6, 0x3a, 0x72, 0x93, 0xb7, 0x86, 0xa9, 0xfe, 0xf6, 0x74,  \
+    0x07, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x7b, 0x51, 0x99, 0x1f, 0x7a, 0x56, 0xe9, 0x20, 0x2f,  \
+    0x18, 0x34, 0x29, 0x97, 0xdb, 0x06, 0xee, 0xeb, 0xbf, 0xbd, 0x31, 0x4f,  \
+    0xfa, 0x50, 0xb1, 0xba, 0x49, 0xb3, 0xc4, 0x1d, 0x03, 0xae, 0xb0, 0xdc,  \
+    0xbe, 0x8a, 0xc4, 0x90, 0xa3, 0x28, 0x9b, 0xb6, 0x42, 0x09, 0x1b, 0xd6,  \
+    0x29, 0x9b, 0x19, 0xe9, 0x87, 0x87, 0xd9, 0x9f, 0x35, 0x05, 0xab, 0x91,  \
+    0x8f, 0x6d, 0x7c, 0x91, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x94, 0x57, 0xf0, 0xe0,  \
+    0x28, 0xfd, 0xbd, 0xf3, 0x9c, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x3e, 0xfd, 0x37, 0x4f, 0x23,  \
+    0x52, 0x8d, 0xe1, 0x4c, 0xfe, 0x4c, 0x55, 0x80, 0x82, 0xba, 0x3f, 0xfe,  \
+    0x51, 0xe1, 0x30, 0xd5, 0x3b, 0xd9, 0x73, 0x1d, 0xcb, 0x25, 0xbc, 0xbb,  \
+    0x3f, 0xa5, 0xda, 0x77, 0xa6, 0xb5, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0xaf, 0x79, 0xa1, 0xb2,  \
+    0x14, 0xa2, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x52, 0x1a, 0x05, 0x40, 0x48, 0xb6, 0x4f, 0x34,  \
+    0xd6, 0xc0, 0xc3, 0xa4, 0x36, 0x98, 0x73, 0x88, 0x0b, 0xd3, 0x45, 0xdc,  \
+    0xee, 0x51, 0x6e, 0x04, 0x73, 0x99, 0x93, 0x12, 0x58, 0x96, 0xcb, 0x39,  \
+    0x42, 0xb1, 0xa9, 0xb8, 0xe1, 0x25, 0xf5, 0x9c, 0x14, 0xb7, 0x92, 0x2b,  \
+    0x14, 0xb0, 0x5d, 0x61, 0xa2, 0xaa, 0x34, 0x7c, 0xcd, 0x54, 0x2d, 0x69,  \
+    0x08, 0xf7, 0xdb, 0xfc, 0x9c, 0x87, 0xe8, 0x3a, 0xf6, 0x1d, 0x4c, 0x6a,  \
+    0x83, 0x15, 0x30, 0x01, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x53, 0xa1, 0xb6,  \
+    0x2f, 0xc0, 0x06, 0xf5, 0xdf, 0x5c, 0xd1, 0x4a, 0x4e, 0xc8, 0xbd, 0x6d,  \
+    0x32, 0xf1, 0x5e, 0xe5, 0x3b, 0x70, 0xd0, 0xa8, 0xe5, 0x41, 0x57, 0x6c,  \
+    0x87, 0x53, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x28, 0xa0, 0x62, 0x8f, 0x43, 0x62, 0xec, 0x2e,  \
+    0x6c, 0x71, 0x55, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xf4, 0x74, 0x14, 0xea, 0x7a, 0x03, 0xf6,  \
+    0xfc, 0xa4, 0xce, 0xc4, 0xac, 0xda, 0x1d, 0xf0, 0xb5, 0xa9, 0xfd, 0x11,  \
+    0x18, 0x3b, 0x14, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x8d, 0x26, 0xb7, 0x75, 0x73, 0x0a, 0x02,  \
+    0x2c, 0x6f, 0x0f, 0xd8, 0x41, 0x78, 0xc3, 0x73, 0x81, 0xac, 0xaa, 0xaf,  \
+    0xf2, 0xee, 0x32, 0xb5, 0x8d, 0x05, 0xf9, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x9e, 0x3e, 0x65,  \
+    0x9b, 0x74, 0xda, 0xa0, 0x74, 0x95, 0x17, 0x5f, 0x8d, 0x58, 0xfc, 0x8e,  \
+    0x4e, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0xbc, 0x81, 0x02, 0x18, 0xac, 0x12, 0xc6, 0xf9, 0x64,  \
+    0x8b, 0x87, 0xc3, 0x00                                                   \
+}
+/* END FILE */
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Test certificates and keys as C variables
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * CA
+ */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem[]           = TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem[]           = TEST_CA_KEY_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem[]           = TEST_CA_PWD_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem[]          = TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem[]          = TEST_CA_PWD_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[]     = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM;
+
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der[]   = TEST_CA_KEY_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der[]  = TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der[]   =
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der[] =
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der );
+
+/*
+ * Server
+ */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem[]           = TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem[]           = TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem[]           = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem[]          = TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem[]          = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[]     = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[]   = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM;
+
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der[]   = TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der[]   = TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der[]  = TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der[]   =
+    TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der[] =
+    TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der );
+
+/*
+ * Client
+ */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem[]   = TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem[]   = TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem[]   = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem[]  = TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem[]  = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem[]  = TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_PEM;
+
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der[]   = TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der[]   = TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der[]  = TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der[]  = TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_DER;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der );
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Definitions of test CRTs without specification of all parameters, choosing
+ * them automatically according to the config. For example, mbedtls_test_ca_crt
+ * is one of mbedtls_test_ca_crt_{rsa|ec}_{sha1|sha256}_{pem|der}.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch between PEM and DER according to config
+ */
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
-/* Concatenation of all available CA certificates */
-const char mbedtls_test_cas_pem[] =
-#ifdef TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1
-    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1
-#endif
-#ifdef TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256
-    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256
-#endif
-#ifdef TEST_CA_CRT_EC
-    TEST_CA_CRT_EC
-#endif
-    "";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_pem_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cas_pem );
-#endif
 
-/* List of all available CA certificates */
+/* PEM encoded test CA certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA        TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_RSA        TEST_CA_PWD_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC         TEST_CA_KEY_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_EC         TEST_CA_PWD_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC         TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM
+
+/* PEM encoded test server certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA        TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA        ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC         TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_EC         ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC         TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_PEM
+
+/* PEM encoded test client certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA  TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA  ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA  TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC   TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_EC   ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC   TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_PEM
+
+#else /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
+
+/* DER encoded test CA certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA        TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_RSA        ""
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC         TEST_CA_KEY_EC_DER
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_EC         ""
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC         TEST_CA_CRT_EC_DER
+
+/* DER encoded test server certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA        TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA        ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC         TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_EC         ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC         TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_DER
+
+/* DER encoded test client certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA  TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA  ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA  TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC   TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_DER
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_EC   ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC   TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_DER
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[]         = TEST_CA_KEY_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[]         = TEST_CA_PWD_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256[]  = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1[]    = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[]          = TEST_CA_KEY_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[]          = TEST_CA_PWD_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[]          = TEST_CA_CRT_EC;
+
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[]        = TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa[]        = TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256[] = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1[]   = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[]         = TEST_SRV_KEY_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec[]         = TEST_SRV_PWD_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[]         = TEST_SRV_CRT_EC;
+
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[]        = TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa[]        = TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[]        = TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[]         = TEST_CLI_KEY_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec[]         = TEST_CLI_PWD_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[]         = TEST_CLI_CRT_EC;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa ) -1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec );
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch between SHA-1 and SHA-256
+ */
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA  TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256
+#else
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA  TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[]  = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[] = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch between RSA and EC
+ */
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY TEST_CA_KEY_RSA
+#define TEST_CA_PWD TEST_CA_PWD_RSA
+#define TEST_CA_CRT TEST_CA_CRT_RSA
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA
+
+#else /* no RSA, so assume ECDSA */
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY TEST_CA_KEY_EC
+#define TEST_CA_PWD TEST_CA_PWD_EC
+#define TEST_CA_CRT TEST_CA_CRT_EC
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY TEST_SRV_KEY_EC
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD TEST_SRV_PWD_EC
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT TEST_SRV_CRT_EC
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY TEST_CLI_KEY_EC
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD TEST_CLI_PWD_EC
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT TEST_CLI_CRT_EC
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+
+/* API stability forces us to declare
+ *   mbedtls_test_{ca|srv|cli}_{key|pwd|crt}
+ * as pointers. */
+static const char test_ca_key[] = TEST_CA_KEY;
+static const char test_ca_pwd[] = TEST_CA_PWD;
+static const char test_ca_crt[] = TEST_CA_CRT;
+
+static const char test_srv_key[] = TEST_SRV_KEY;
+static const char test_srv_pwd[] = TEST_SRV_PWD;
+static const char test_srv_crt[] = TEST_SRV_CRT;
+
+static const char test_cli_key[] = TEST_CLI_KEY;
+static const char test_cli_pwd[] = TEST_CLI_PWD;
+static const char test_cli_crt[] = TEST_CLI_CRT;
+
+const char *mbedtls_test_ca_key = test_ca_key;
+const char *mbedtls_test_ca_pwd = test_ca_pwd;
+const char *mbedtls_test_ca_crt = test_ca_crt;
+
+const char *mbedtls_test_srv_key = test_srv_key;
+const char *mbedtls_test_srv_pwd = test_srv_pwd;
+const char *mbedtls_test_srv_crt = test_srv_crt;
+
+const char *mbedtls_test_cli_key = test_cli_key;
+const char *mbedtls_test_cli_pwd = test_cli_pwd;
+const char *mbedtls_test_cli_crt = test_cli_crt;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len =
+    sizeof( test_ca_key );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len =
+    sizeof( test_ca_pwd ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len =
+    sizeof( test_ca_crt );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len =
+    sizeof( test_srv_key );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_len =
+    sizeof( test_srv_pwd ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len =
+    sizeof( test_srv_crt );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len =
+    sizeof( test_cli_key );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_len =
+    sizeof( test_cli_pwd ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len =
+    sizeof( test_cli_crt );
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Lists of certificates
+ *
+ */
+
+/* List of CAs in PEM or DER, depending on config */
 const char * mbedtls_test_cas[] = {
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
     mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1,
 #endif
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
     mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256,
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
@@ -389,10 +1704,10 @@
     NULL
 };
 const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_len[] = {
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
     sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1 ),
 #endif
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
     sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256 ),
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
@@ -401,36 +1716,53 @@
     0
 };
 
+/* List of all available CA certificates in DER format */
+const unsigned char * mbedtls_test_cas_der[] = {
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_crt  = mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa; /* SHA1 or SHA256 */
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_key  = mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_pwd  = mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_crt = mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_key = mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_crt = mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_key = mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa );
-#else /* ! MBEDTLS_RSA_C, so MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_crt  = mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_key  = mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_pwd  = mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_crt = mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_key = mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_crt = mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_key = mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec ) - 1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec );
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+    mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der,
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
+    mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der,
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
+    mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der,
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+    NULL
+};
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_der_len[] = {
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der ),
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der ),
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der ),
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+    0
+};
+
+/* Concatenation of all available CA certificates in PEM format */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
+const char mbedtls_test_cas_pem[] =
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
+    TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+    "";
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_pem_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cas_pem );
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
 
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_CERTS_C */
diff --git a/library/dhm.c b/library/dhm.c
index fb6937e..8255632 100644
--- a/library/dhm.c
+++ b/library/dhm.c
@@ -649,12 +649,28 @@
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
 static const char mbedtls_test_dhm_params[] =
 "-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----\r\n"
 "MIGHAoGBAJ419DBEOgmQTzo5qXl5fQcN9TN455wkOL7052HzxxRVMyhYmwQcgJvh\r\n"
 "1sa18fyfR9OiVEMYglOpkqVoGLN7qd5aQNNi5W7/C+VBdHTBJcGZJyyP5B3qcz32\r\n"
 "9mLJKudlVudV0Qxk5qUJaPZ/xupz0NyoVpviuiBOI1gNi8ovSXWzAgEC\r\n"
 "-----END DH PARAMETERS-----\r\n";
+#else /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
+static const char mbedtls_test_dhm_params[] = {
+  0x30, 0x81, 0x87, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x35, 0xf4, 0x30, 0x44,
+  0x3a, 0x09, 0x90, 0x4f, 0x3a, 0x39, 0xa9, 0x79, 0x79, 0x7d, 0x07, 0x0d,
+  0xf5, 0x33, 0x78, 0xe7, 0x9c, 0x24, 0x38, 0xbe, 0xf4, 0xe7, 0x61, 0xf3,
+  0xc7, 0x14, 0x55, 0x33, 0x28, 0x58, 0x9b, 0x04, 0x1c, 0x80, 0x9b, 0xe1,
+  0xd6, 0xc6, 0xb5, 0xf1, 0xfc, 0x9f, 0x47, 0xd3, 0xa2, 0x54, 0x43, 0x18,
+  0x82, 0x53, 0xa9, 0x92, 0xa5, 0x68, 0x18, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xa9, 0xde, 0x5a,
+  0x40, 0xd3, 0x62, 0xe5, 0x6e, 0xff, 0x0b, 0xe5, 0x41, 0x74, 0x74, 0xc1,
+  0x25, 0xc1, 0x99, 0x27, 0x2c, 0x8f, 0xe4, 0x1d, 0xea, 0x73, 0x3d, 0xf6,
+  0xf6, 0x62, 0xc9, 0x2a, 0xe7, 0x65, 0x56, 0xe7, 0x55, 0xd1, 0x0c, 0x64,
+  0xe6, 0xa5, 0x09, 0x68, 0xf6, 0x7f, 0xc6, 0xea, 0x73, 0xd0, 0xdc, 0xa8,
+  0x56, 0x9b, 0xe2, 0xba, 0x20, 0x4e, 0x23, 0x58, 0x0d, 0x8b, 0xca, 0x2f,
+  0x49, 0x75, 0xb3, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02 };
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
 
 static const size_t mbedtls_test_dhm_params_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_dhm_params );
 
diff --git a/programs/ssl/ssl_client2.c b/programs/ssl/ssl_client2.c
index 1343970..255d4b2 100644
--- a/programs/ssl/ssl_client2.c
+++ b/programs/ssl/ssl_client2.c
@@ -124,8 +124,10 @@
 #define USAGE_IO \
     "    ca_file=%%s          The single file containing the top-level CA(s) you fully trust\n" \
     "                        default: \"\" (pre-loaded)\n" \
+    "                        use \"none\" to skip loading any top-level CAs.\n" \
     "    ca_path=%%s          The path containing the top-level CA(s) you fully trust\n" \
     "                        default: \"\" (pre-loaded) (overrides ca_file)\n" \
+    "                        use \"none\" to skip loading any top-level CAs.\n" \
     "    crt_file=%%s         Your own cert and chain (in bottom to top order, top may be omitted)\n" \
     "                        default: \"\" (pre-loaded)\n" \
     "    key_file=%%s         default: \"\" (pre-loaded)\n"
@@ -1221,20 +1223,22 @@
     mbedtls_printf( "  . Loading the CA root certificate ..." );
     fflush( stdout );
 
+    if( strcmp( opt.ca_path, "none" ) == 0 ||
+        strcmp( opt.ca_file, "none" ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ret = 0;
+    }
+    else
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO)
     if( strlen( opt.ca_path ) )
-        if( strcmp( opt.ca_path, "none" ) == 0 )
-            ret = 0;
-        else
-            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_path( &cacert, opt.ca_path );
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_path( &cacert, opt.ca_path );
     else if( strlen( opt.ca_file ) )
-        if( strcmp( opt.ca_file, "none" ) == 0 )
-            ret = 0;
-        else
-            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &cacert, opt.ca_file );
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &cacert, opt.ca_file );
     else
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_CERTS_C)
+    {
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
         for( i = 0; mbedtls_test_cas[i] != NULL; i++ )
         {
             ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse( &cacert,
@@ -1243,12 +1247,23 @@
             if( ret != 0 )
                 break;
         }
+        if( ret == 0 )
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
+        for( i = 0; mbedtls_test_cas_der[i] != NULL; i++ )
+        {
+            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_der( &cacert,
+                         (const unsigned char *) mbedtls_test_cas_der[i],
+                         mbedtls_test_cas_der_len[i] );
+            if( ret != 0 )
+                break;
+        }
+    }
 #else
     {
         ret = 1;
         mbedtls_printf( "MBEDTLS_CERTS_C not defined." );
     }
-#endif
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_CERTS_C */
     if( ret < 0 )
     {
         mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_parse returned -0x%x\n\n",
@@ -1266,12 +1281,12 @@
     mbedtls_printf( "  . Loading the client cert. and key..." );
     fflush( stdout );
 
+    if( strcmp( opt.crt_file, "none" ) == 0 )
+        ret = 0;
+    else
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO)
     if( strlen( opt.crt_file ) )
-        if( strcmp( opt.crt_file, "none" ) == 0 )
-            ret = 0;
-        else
-            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &clicert, opt.crt_file );
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &clicert, opt.crt_file );
     else
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_CERTS_C)
@@ -1281,7 +1296,7 @@
 #else
     {
         ret = 1;
-        mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_CERTS_C not defined.");
+        mbedtls_printf( "MBEDTLS_CERTS_C not defined." );
     }
 #endif
     if( ret != 0 )
@@ -1291,12 +1306,12 @@
         goto exit;
     }
 
+    if( strcmp( opt.key_file, "none" ) == 0 )
+        ret = 0;
+    else
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO)
     if( strlen( opt.key_file ) )
-        if( strcmp( opt.key_file, "none" ) == 0 )
-            ret = 0;
-        else
-            ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile( &pkey, opt.key_file, "" );
+        ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile( &pkey, opt.key_file, "" );
     else
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_CERTS_C)
@@ -1306,7 +1321,7 @@
 #else
     {
         ret = 1;
-        mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_CERTS_C not defined.");
+        mbedtls_printf( "MBEDTLS_CERTS_C not defined." );
     }
 #endif
     if( ret != 0 )
diff --git a/programs/ssl/ssl_server2.c b/programs/ssl/ssl_server2.c
index 87430dc..a4c5fab 100644
--- a/programs/ssl/ssl_server2.c
+++ b/programs/ssl/ssl_server2.c
@@ -188,8 +188,10 @@
 #define USAGE_IO \
     "    ca_file=%%s          The single file containing the top-level CA(s) you fully trust\n" \
     "                        default: \"\" (pre-loaded)\n" \
+    "                        use \"none\" to skip loading any top-level CAs.\n" \
     "    ca_path=%%s          The path containing the top-level CA(s) you fully trust\n" \
     "                        default: \"\" (pre-loaded) (overrides ca_file)\n" \
+    "                        use \"none\" to skip loading any top-level CAs.\n" \
     "    crt_file=%%s         Your own cert and chain (in bottom to top order, top may be omitted)\n" \
     "                        default: see note after key_file2\n" \
     "    key_file=%%s         default: see note after key_file2\n" \
@@ -2022,20 +2024,22 @@
     mbedtls_printf( "  . Loading the CA root certificate ..." );
     fflush( stdout );
 
+    if( strcmp( opt.ca_path, "none" ) == 0 ||
+        strcmp( opt.ca_file, "none" ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ret = 0;
+    }
+    else
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO)
     if( strlen( opt.ca_path ) )
-        if( strcmp( opt.ca_path, "none" ) == 0 )
-            ret = 0;
-        else
-            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_path( &cacert, opt.ca_path );
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_path( &cacert, opt.ca_path );
     else if( strlen( opt.ca_file ) )
-        if( strcmp( opt.ca_file, "none" ) == 0 )
-            ret = 0;
-        else
-            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &cacert, opt.ca_file );
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &cacert, opt.ca_file );
     else
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_CERTS_C)
+    {
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
         for( i = 0; mbedtls_test_cas[i] != NULL; i++ )
         {
             ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse( &cacert,
@@ -2044,12 +2048,23 @@
             if( ret != 0 )
                 break;
         }
+        if( ret == 0 )
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
+        for( i = 0; mbedtls_test_cas_der[i] != NULL; i++ )
+        {
+            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_der( &cacert,
+                         (const unsigned char *) mbedtls_test_cas_der[i],
+                         mbedtls_test_cas_der_len[i] );
+            if( ret != 0 )
+                break;
+        }
+    }
 #else
     {
         ret = 1;
-        mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_CERTS_C not defined.");
+        mbedtls_printf( "MBEDTLS_CERTS_C not defined." );
     }
-#endif
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_CERTS_C */
     if( ret < 0 )
     {
         mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_parse returned -0x%x\n\n", -ret );
diff --git a/programs/test/udp_proxy.c b/programs/test/udp_proxy.c
index 41739d0..e96e91b 100644
--- a/programs/test/udp_proxy.c
+++ b/programs/test/udp_proxy.c
@@ -598,32 +598,17 @@
 static unsigned char dropped[2048] = { 0 };
 #define DROP_MAX 2
 
-/*
- * OpenSSL groups packets in a datagram the first time it sends them, but not
- * when it resends them. Count every record as seen the first time.
- */
+/* We only drop packets at the level of entire datagrams, not at the level
+ * of records. In particular, if the peer changes the way it packs multiple
+ * records into a single datagram, we don't necessarily count the number of
+ * times a record has been dropped correctly. However, the only known reason
+ * why a peer would change datagram packing is disabling the latter on
+ * retransmission, in which case we'd drop involved records at most
+ * DROP_MAX + 1 times. */
 void update_dropped( const packet *p )
 {
     size_t id = p->len % sizeof( dropped );
-    const unsigned char *end = p->buf + p->len;
-    const unsigned char *cur = p->buf;
-    size_t len = ( ( cur[11] << 8 ) | cur[12] ) + 13;
-
     ++dropped[id];
-
-    /* Avoid counting single record twice */
-    if( len == p->len )
-        return;
-
-    while( cur < end )
-    {
-        len = ( ( cur[11] << 8 ) | cur[12] ) + 13;
-
-        id = len % sizeof( dropped );
-        ++dropped[id];
-
-        cur += len;
-    }
 }
 
 int handle_message( const char *way,
diff --git a/scripts/abi_check.py b/scripts/abi_check.py
index 30c3fe5..502c7ae 100755
--- a/scripts/abi_check.py
+++ b/scripts/abi_check.py
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
 
     def _remove_extra_detail_from_report(self, report_root):
         for tag in ['test_info', 'test_results', 'problem_summary',
-                    'added_symbols', 'removed_symbols', 'affected']:
+                    'added_symbols', 'affected']:
             self._remove_children_with_tag(report_root, tag)
 
         for report in report_root:
@@ -280,8 +280,9 @@
                 )
                 if not (self.keep_all_reports or self.brief):
                     os.remove(output_path)
-            os.remove(self.old_version.abi_dumps[mbed_module])
-            os.remove(self.new_version.abi_dumps[mbed_module])
+        for version in [self.old_version, self.new_version]:
+            for mbed_module, mbed_module_dump in version.abi_dumps.items():
+                os.remove(mbed_module_dump)
         if self.can_remove_report_dir:
             os.rmdir(self.report_dir)
         self.log.info(compatibility_report)
diff --git a/tests/data_files/Makefile b/tests/data_files/Makefile
index e45d25a..09db60c 100644
--- a/tests/data_files/Makefile
+++ b/tests/data_files/Makefile
@@ -46,14 +46,30 @@
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_WRITE) is_ca=1 serial=3 request_file=test-ca.req.sha256 selfsign=1 issuer_name="C=NL,O=PolarSSL,CN=PolarSSL Test CA" issuer_key=$(test_ca_key_file_rsa) issuer_pwd=$(test_ca_pwd_rsa) not_before=20110212144400 not_after=20210212144400 md=SHA1 version=3 output_file=$@
 all_final += test-ca.crt
 
+test-ca.crt.der: test-ca.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -inform PEM -in $< -outform DER -out $@
+all_final += test-ca.crt.der
+
+test-ca.key.der: $(test_ca_key_file_rsa)
+	$(OPENSSL) pkey -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER -passin "pass:$(test_ca_pwd_rsa)"
+all_final += test-ca.key.der
+
 test-ca-sha1.crt: $(test_ca_key_file_rsa) test-ca.req.sha256
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_WRITE) is_ca=1 serial=3 request_file=test-ca.req.sha256 selfsign=1 issuer_name="C=NL,O=PolarSSL,CN=PolarSSL Test CA" issuer_key=$(test_ca_key_file_rsa) issuer_pwd=$(test_ca_pwd_rsa) not_before=20110212144400 not_after=20210212144400 md=SHA1 version=3 output_file=$@
 all_final += test-ca-sha1.crt
 
+test-ca-sha1.crt.der: test-ca-sha1.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += test-ca-sha1.crt.der
+
 test-ca-sha256.crt: $(test_ca_key_file_rsa) test-ca.req.sha256
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_WRITE) is_ca=1 serial=3 request_file=test-ca.req.sha256 selfsign=1 issuer_name="C=NL,O=PolarSSL,CN=PolarSSL Test CA" issuer_key=$(test_ca_key_file_rsa) issuer_pwd=$(test_ca_pwd_rsa) not_before=20110212144400 not_after=20210212144400 md=SHA256 version=3 output_file=$@
 all_final += test-ca-sha256.crt
 
+test-ca-sha256.crt.der: test-ca-sha256.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += test-ca-sha256.crt.der
+
 test_ca_key_file_rsa_alt = test-ca-alt.key
 
 $(test_ca_key_file_rsa_alt):
@@ -74,6 +90,14 @@
 test_ca_crt_file_ec = test-ca2.crt
 test_ca_key_file_ec = test-ca2.key
 
+test-ca2.crt.der: $(test_ca_crt_file_ec)
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -in $(test_ca_crt_file_ec) -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += test-ca2.crt.der
+
+ test-ca2.key.der: $(test_ca_key_file_ec)
+	$(OPENSSL) pkey -in $(test_ca_key_file_ec) -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += test-ca2.key.der
+
 test_ca_crt_cat12 = test-ca_cat12.crt
 $(test_ca_crt_cat12): $(test_ca_crt) $(test_ca_crt_file_ec)
 	cat $(test_ca_crt) $(test_ca_crt_file_ec) > $@
@@ -112,6 +136,14 @@
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_WRITE) request_file=$< serial=4 issuer_crt=$(test_ca_crt) issuer_key=$(test_ca_key_file_rsa) issuer_pwd=$(test_ca_pwd_rsa) not_before=20110212144406 not_after=20210212144406 md=SHA256 version=3 output_file=$@
 all_final += cli-rsa-sha256.crt
 
+cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der: cli-rsa-sha256.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der
+
+ cli-rsa.key.der: $(cli_crt_key_file_rsa)
+	$(OPENSSL) pkey -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += cli-rsa.key.der
+
 test_ca_int_rsa1 = test-int-ca.crt
 
 server7.csr: server7.key
@@ -130,6 +162,22 @@
 	cat server7.crt test-int-ca-exp.crt > $@
 all_final += server7_int-ca-exp.crt
 
+cli2.crt.der: cli2.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += cli2.crt.der
+
+ cli2.key.der: cli2.key
+	$(OPENSSL) pkey -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += cli2.key.der
+
+ server5.crt.der: server5.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += server5.crt.der
+
+ server5.key.der: server5.key
+	$(OPENSSL) pkey -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += server5.key.der
+
 server5-ss-expired.crt: server5.key
 	$(FAKETIME) -f -3653d $(OPENSSL) req -x509 -new -subj "/C=UK/O=mbed TLS/OU=testsuite/CN=localhost" -days 3653 -sha256 -key $< -out $@
 all_final += server5-ss-expired.crt
@@ -819,6 +867,18 @@
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_REQ) output_file=$@ filename=$< subject_name="C=NL,O=PolarSSL,CN=localhost" md=SHA256
 all_intermediate += server2.req.sha256
 
+server2.crt.der: server2.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -inform PEM -in $< -outform DER -out $@
+all_final += server2.crt.der
+
+server2-sha256.crt.der: server2-sha256.crt
+	$(OPENSSL) x509 -inform PEM -in $< -outform DER -out $@
+all_final += server2-sha256.crt.der
+
+server2.key.der: server2.key
+	$(OPENSSL) pkey -in $< -out $@ -inform PEM -outform DER
+all_final += server2.key.der
+
 # server5*
 
 # The use of 'Server 1' in the DN is intentional here, as the DN is hardcoded in the x509_write test suite.'
@@ -848,9 +908,9 @@
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_WRITE) request_file=server1.req.sha256 issuer_crt=$(test_ca_crt) issuer_key=$(test_ca_key_file_rsa) issuer_pwd=$(test_ca_pwd_rsa) version=1 not_before=20110212144406 not_after=20210212144406 md=SHA1 version=3 output_file=$@
 server1.noauthid.crt: server1.key server1.req.sha256 $(test_ca_crt) $(test_ca_key_file_rsa)
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_WRITE) request_file=server1.req.sha256 issuer_crt=$(test_ca_crt) issuer_key=$(test_ca_key_file_rsa) issuer_pwd=$(test_ca_pwd_rsa) not_before=20110212144406 not_after=20210212144406 md=SHA1 authority_identifier=0 version=3 output_file=$@
-server1.der: server1.crt
+server1.crt.der: server1.crt
 	$(OPENSSL) x509 -inform PEM -in $< -outform DER -out $@
-all_final += server1.crt server1.noauthid.crt server1.der
+all_final += server1.crt server1.noauthid.crt server1.crt.der
 
 server1.key_usage.crt: server1.key server1.req.sha256 $(test_ca_crt) $(test_ca_key_file_rsa)
 	$(MBEDTLS_CERT_WRITE) request_file=server1.req.sha256 issuer_crt=$(test_ca_crt) issuer_key=$(test_ca_key_file_rsa) issuer_pwd=$(test_ca_pwd_rsa) version=1 not_before=20110212144406 not_after=20210212144406 md=SHA1 key_usage=digital_signature,non_repudiation,key_encipherment version=3 output_file=$@
diff --git a/tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der b/tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fa3d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.key.der b/tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.key.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ef5a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.key.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key.der b/tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ef5a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/cli2.crt.der b/tests/data_files/cli2.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ad236e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/cli2.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/cli2.key.der b/tests/data_files/cli2.key.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acba6a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/cli2.key.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/server1.crt.der b/tests/data_files/server1.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcf45cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/server1.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt.der b/tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e66ad36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/server2.crt.der b/tests/data_files/server2.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec03190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/server2.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/server2.key.der b/tests/data_files/server2.key.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9905ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/server2.key.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/server5.crt.der b/tests/data_files/server5.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08d8dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/server5.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/server5.key.der b/tests/data_files/server5.key.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bd4ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/server5.key.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt.der b/tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..039fb9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt.der b/tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80a47e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/test-ca.crt.der b/tests/data_files/test-ca.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..039fb9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/test-ca.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/test-ca.key.der b/tests/data_files/test-ca.key.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4678a1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/test-ca.key.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt.der b/tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb0b51f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.der b/tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.der
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf64141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.der
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.enc b/tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.enc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb70990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.enc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,307EAB469933D64E
+
+IxbrRmKcAzctJqPdTQLA4SWyBYYGYJVkYEna+F7Pa5t5Yg/gKADrFKcm6B72e7DG
+ihExtZI648s0zdYw6qSJ74vrPSuWDe5qm93BqsfVH9svtCzWHW0pm1p0KTBCFfUq
+UsuWTITwJImcnlAs1gaRZ3sAWm7cOUidL0fo2G0fYUFNcYoCSLffCFTEHBuPnagb
+a77x/sY1Bvii8S9/XhDTb6pTMx06wzrm
+-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/tests/scripts/all.sh b/tests/scripts/all.sh
index 936c665..7eaefe9 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/all.sh
+++ b/tests/scripts/all.sh
@@ -652,6 +652,20 @@
     if_build_succeeded tests/ssl-opt.sh
 }
 
+component_test_no_pem_no_fs () {
+    msg "build: Default + !MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C + !MBEDTLS_FS_IO (ASan build)"
+    scripts/config.pl unset MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C
+    scripts/config.pl unset MBEDTLS_FS_IO
+    CC=gcc cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:String=Asan .
+    make
+
+    msg "test: !MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C !MBEDTLS_FS_IO - main suites (inc. selftests) (ASan build)" # ~ 50s
+    make test
+
+    msg "test: !MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C !MBEDTLS_FS_IO - ssl-opt.sh (ASan build)" # ~ 6 min
+    if_build_succeeded tests/ssl-opt.sh
+}
+
 component_test_rsa_no_crt () {
     msg "build: Default + RSA_NO_CRT (ASan build)" # ~ 6 min
     scripts/config.pl set MBEDTLS_RSA_NO_CRT
diff --git a/tests/scripts/list-symbols.sh b/tests/scripts/list-symbols.sh
index ffdce8f..930722c 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/list-symbols.sh
+++ b/tests/scripts/list-symbols.sh
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@
 
 cp include/mbedtls/config.h include/mbedtls/config.h.bak
 scripts/config.pl full
+make clean
 make_ret=
-CFLAGS=-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables make clean lib \
+CFLAGS=-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables make lib \
       >list-symbols.make.log 2>&1 ||
   {
     make_ret=$?
-    echo "Build failure: CFLAGS=-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables make clean lib"
+    echo "Build failure: CFLAGS=-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables make lib"
     cat list-symbols.make.log >&2
   }
 rm list-symbols.make.log
diff --git a/tests/ssl-opt.sh b/tests/ssl-opt.sh
index 9a96294..d2f36e6 100755
--- a/tests/ssl-opt.sh
+++ b/tests/ssl-opt.sh
@@ -553,6 +553,20 @@
     CLI_EXPECT="$3"
     shift 3
 
+    # Check if test uses files
+    TEST_USES_FILES=$(echo "$SRV_CMD $CLI_CMD" | grep "\.\(key\|crt\|pem\)" )
+    if [ ! -z "$TEST_USES_FILES" ]; then
+       requires_config_enabled MBEDTLS_FS_IO
+    fi
+
+    # should we skip?
+    if [ "X$SKIP_NEXT" = "XYES" ]; then
+        SKIP_NEXT="NO"
+        echo "SKIP"
+        SKIPS=$(( $SKIPS + 1 ))
+        return
+    fi
+
     # fix client port
     if [ -n "$PXY_CMD" ]; then
         CLI_CMD=$( echo "$CLI_CMD" | sed s/+SRV_PORT/$PXY_PORT/g )
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.aes.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.aes.data
index e810863..1b34501 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.aes.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.aes.data
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Decrypt empty buffer
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_AES_C:MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CBC:MBEDTLS_CIPHER_PADDING_PKCS7
-dec_empty_buf:
+dec_empty_buf:MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_128_CBC
 
 AES-128 CBC - Encrypt and decrypt 0 bytes with PKCS7 padding
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_AES_C:MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CBC:MBEDTLS_CIPHER_PADDING_PKCS7
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chacha20.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chacha20.data
index c67e582..11de103 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chacha20.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chacha20.data
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-Decrypt empty buffer
-depends_on:MBEDTLS_CHACHA20_C
-dec_empty_buf:
-
 Chacha20 RFC 7539 Test Vector #1
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_CHACHA20_C
 decrypt_test_vec:MBEDTLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20:-1:"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000":"000000000000000000000000":"76b8e0ada0f13d90405d6ae55386bd28bdd219b8a08ded1aa836efcc8b770dc7da41597c5157488d7724e03fb8d84a376a43b8f41518a11cc387b669b2ee6586":"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000":"":"":0:0
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chachapoly.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chachapoly.data
index 9d74d56..61c4851 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chachapoly.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.chachapoly.data
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Decrypt empty buffer
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_CHACHAPOLY_C
-dec_empty_buf:
+dec_empty_buf:MBEDTLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305
 
 ChaCha20+Poly1305 Encrypt and decrypt 0 bytes
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_CHACHAPOLY_C
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.function
index 54fe1a3..02bf5f7 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_cipher.function
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@
 /* END_CASE */
 
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
-void dec_empty_buf(  )
+void dec_empty_buf( int cipher )
 {
     unsigned char key[32];
     unsigned char iv[16];
@@ -723,6 +723,8 @@
 
     size_t outlen = 0;
 
+    int expected_ret;
+
     memset( key, 0, 32 );
     memset( iv , 0, 16 );
 
@@ -732,12 +734,15 @@
     memset( decbuf, 0, 64 );
 
     /* Initialise context */
-    cipher_info = mbedtls_cipher_info_from_type( MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_128_CBC );
+    cipher_info = mbedtls_cipher_info_from_type( cipher );
     TEST_ASSERT( NULL != cipher_info);
+    TEST_ASSERT( sizeof(key) * 8 >= cipher_info->key_bitlen );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( 0 == mbedtls_cipher_setup( &ctx_dec, cipher_info ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( 0 == mbedtls_cipher_setkey( &ctx_dec, key, 128, MBEDTLS_DECRYPT ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( 0 == mbedtls_cipher_setkey( &ctx_dec,
+                                             key, cipher_info->key_bitlen,
+                                             MBEDTLS_DECRYPT ) );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( 0 == mbedtls_cipher_set_iv( &ctx_dec, iv, 16 ) );
 
@@ -750,8 +755,23 @@
     /* decode 0-byte string */
     TEST_ASSERT( 0 == mbedtls_cipher_update( &ctx_dec, encbuf, 0, decbuf, &outlen ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( 0 == outlen );
-    TEST_ASSERT( MBEDTLS_ERR_CIPHER_FULL_BLOCK_EXPECTED == mbedtls_cipher_finish(
-                 &ctx_dec, decbuf + outlen, &outlen ) );
+
+    if ( cipher_info->mode == MBEDTLS_MODE_CBC ||
+         cipher_info->mode == MBEDTLS_MODE_ECB )
+    {
+        /* CBC and ECB ciphers need a full block of input. */
+        expected_ret = MBEDTLS_ERR_CIPHER_FULL_BLOCK_EXPECTED;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Non-CBC and non-ECB ciphers are OK with decrypting empty buffers and
+         * return success, not MBEDTLS_ERR_CIPHER_FULL_BLOCK_EXPECTED, when
+         * decrypting an empty buffer. */
+        expected_ret = 0;
+    }
+
+    TEST_ASSERT( expected_ret == mbedtls_cipher_finish(
+                                    &ctx_dec, decbuf + outlen, &outlen ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( 0 == outlen );
 
 exit:
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_x509parse.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_x509parse.data
index fcb1604..b64414a 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_x509parse.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_x509parse.data
@@ -2,14 +2,26 @@
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C:MBEDTLS_RSA_C:MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
 x509_cert_info:"data_files/server1.crt":"cert. version     \: 3\nserial number     \: 01\nissuer name       \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nsubject name      \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Server 1\nissued  on        \: 2011-02-12 14\:44\:06\nexpires on        \: 2021-02-12 14\:44\:06\nsigned using      \: RSA with SHA1\nRSA key size      \: 2048 bits\nbasic constraints \: CA=false\n"
 
+X509 Certificate information #1 (DER)
+depends_on:MBEDTLS_RSA_C:MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+x509_cert_info:"data_files/server1.crt.der":"cert. version     \: 3\nserial number     \: 01\nissuer name       \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nsubject name      \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Server 1\nissued  on        \: 2011-02-12 14\:44\:06\nexpires on        \: 2021-02-12 14\:44\:06\nsigned using      \: RSA with SHA1\nRSA key size      \: 2048 bits\nbasic constraints \: CA=false\n"
+
 X509 Certificate information #2
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C:MBEDTLS_RSA_C:MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
 x509_cert_info:"data_files/server2.crt":"cert. version     \: 3\nserial number     \: 02\nissuer name       \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nsubject name      \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=localhost\nissued  on        \: 2011-02-12 14\:44\:06\nexpires on        \: 2021-02-12 14\:44\:06\nsigned using      \: RSA with SHA1\nRSA key size      \: 2048 bits\nbasic constraints \: CA=false\n"
 
+X509 Certificate information #2 (DER)
+depends_on:MBEDTLS_RSA_C:MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+x509_cert_info:"data_files/server2.crt.der":"cert. version     \: 3\nserial number     \: 02\nissuer name       \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nsubject name      \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=localhost\nissued  on        \: 2011-02-12 14\:44\:06\nexpires on        \: 2021-02-12 14\:44\:06\nsigned using      \: RSA with SHA1\nRSA key size      \: 2048 bits\nbasic constraints \: CA=false\n"
+
 X509 Certificate information #3
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C:MBEDTLS_RSA_C:MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
 x509_cert_info:"data_files/test-ca.crt":"cert. version     \: 3\nserial number     \: 03\nissuer name       \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nsubject name      \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nissued  on        \: 2011-02-12 14\:44\:00\nexpires on        \: 2021-02-12 14\:44\:00\nsigned using      \: RSA with SHA1\nRSA key size      \: 2048 bits\nbasic constraints \: CA=true\n"
 
+X509 Certificate information #3 (DER)
+depends_on:MBEDTLS_RSA_C:MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+x509_cert_info:"data_files/test-ca.crt.der":"cert. version     \: 3\nserial number     \: 03\nissuer name       \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nsubject name      \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nissued  on        \: 2011-02-12 14\:44\:00\nexpires on        \: 2021-02-12 14\:44\:00\nsigned using      \: RSA with SHA1\nRSA key size      \: 2048 bits\nbasic constraints \: CA=true\n"
+
 X509 Certificate information MD2 Digest
 depends_on:MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C:MBEDTLS_RSA_C:MBEDTLS_MD2_C
 x509_cert_info:"data_files/cert_md2.crt":"cert. version     \: 3\nserial number     \: 09\nissuer name       \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Test CA\nsubject name      \: C=NL, O=PolarSSL, CN=PolarSSL Cert MD2\nissued  on        \: 2000-01-01 12\:12\:12\nexpires on        \: 2030-01-01 12\:12\:12\nsigned using      \: RSA with MD2\nRSA key size      \: 2048 bits\nbasic constraints \: CA=false\n"