diff --git a/programs/pkey/dh_client.c b/programs/pkey/dh_client.c
index 86b260c..90fc4e5 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/dh_client.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/dh_client.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
            "and/or MBEDTLS_NET_C and/or MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_AES_C && MBEDTLS_DHM_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C &&
           MBEDTLS_NET_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_SHA256_C &&
diff --git a/programs/pkey/dh_genprime.c b/programs/pkey/dh_genprime.c
index bf5482e..5293f89 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/dh_genprime.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/dh_genprime.c
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_GENPRIME not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
     {
     usage:
         mbedtls_printf( USAGE );
-        return( exit_code );
+        mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
     }
 
     for( i = 1; i < argc; i++ )
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO &&
           MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C && MBEDTLS_GENPRIME */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/dh_server.c b/programs/pkey/dh_server.c
index c011774..06676c0 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/dh_server.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/dh_server.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
            "and/or MBEDTLS_NET_C and/or MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_AES_C && MBEDTLS_DHM_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C &&
           MBEDTLS_NET_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_SHA256_C &&
diff --git a/programs/pkey/ecdh_curve25519.c b/programs/pkey/ecdh_curve25519.c
index 9f849dd..e79dce0 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/ecdh_curve25519.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/ecdh_curve25519.c
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
                     "MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519_ENABLED and/or "
                     "MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C "
                     "not defined\n" );
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
     mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free( &ctr_drbg );
     mbedtls_entropy_free( &entropy );
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDH_C && MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519_ENABLED &&
           MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/ecdsa.c b/programs/pkey/ecdsa.c
index b851c31..b898b62 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/ecdsa.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/ecdsa.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 {
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C and/or MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 #if defined(VERBOSE)
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
     mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free( &ctr_drbg );
     mbedtls_entropy_free( &entropy );
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C &&
           ECPARAMS */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/gen_key.c b/programs/pkey/gen_key.c
index 23e4e14..04e88bb 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/gen_key.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/gen_key.c
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
             "MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C and/or "
             "MBEDTLS_PEM_WRITE_C"
             "not defined.\n" );
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_PK_WRITE_C && MBEDTLS_PEM_WRITE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO &&
         * MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/key_app.c b/programs/pkey/key_app.c
index 7939309..442e173 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/key_app.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/key_app.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 {
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -311,6 +311,6 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/key_app_writer.c b/programs/pkey/key_app_writer.c
index 6096429..b0b831a 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/key_app_writer.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/key_app_writer.c
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 int main( void )
 {
     mbedtls_printf( "MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or MBEDTLS_PK_WRITE_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO not defined.\n" );
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -436,6 +436,6 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_PK_WRITE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/mpi_demo.c b/programs/pkey/mpi_demo.c
index ecdcd32..8163781 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/mpi_demo.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/mpi_demo.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 int main( void )
 {
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -112,6 +112,6 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/pk_decrypt.c b/programs/pkey/pk_decrypt.c
index bf42507..c80928d 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/pk_decrypt.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/pk_decrypt.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO &&
           MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/pk_encrypt.c b/programs/pkey/pk_encrypt.c
index a32b147..1850d93 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/pk_encrypt.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/pk_encrypt.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C &&
           MBEDTLS_FS_IO && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/pk_sign.c b/programs/pkey/pk_sign.c
index 47a098a..f27d8ea 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/pk_sign.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/pk_sign.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
            "MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or MBEDTLS_MD_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C &&
           MBEDTLS_SHA256_C && MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO &&
diff --git a/programs/pkey/pk_verify.c b/programs/pkey/pk_verify.c
index a6bfe3f..e6d7d4c 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/pk_verify.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/pk_verify.c
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_MD_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_FS_IO not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_SHA256_C &&
           MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_decrypt.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_decrypt.c
index ff71bd0..6e675c6 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_decrypt.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_decrypt.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -207,6 +207,6 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_encrypt.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_encrypt.c
index 4a71c15..48f01ab 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_encrypt.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_encrypt.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C &&
           MBEDTLS_FS_IO && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_genkey.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_genkey.c
index d556c19..4d1da9b 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_genkey.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_genkey.c
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or MBEDTLS_GENPRIME and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C &&
           MBEDTLS_GENPRIME && MBEDTLS_FS_IO && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c
index 9bcd7a6..570a644 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or "
             "MBEDTLS_MD_C and/or "
             "MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_SHA256_C &&
           MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_sign_pss.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_sign_pss.c
index 42209e2..b65225e 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_sign_pss.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_sign_pss.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
            "MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C &&
           MBEDTLS_SHA256_C && MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO &&
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_verify.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_verify.c
index 94f0ef9..0cbce68 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_verify.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_verify.c
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C and/or MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or "
             "MBEDTLS_MD_C and/or "
             "MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_SHA256_C &&
           MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_verify_pss.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_verify_pss.c
index 148cd51..f788ff1 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_verify_pss.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_verify_pss.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
            "MBEDTLS_RSA_C and/or MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
            "MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C not defined.\n");
-    return( 0 );
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
 }
 #else
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
     fflush( stdout ); getchar();
 #endif
 
-    return( exit_code );
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C && MBEDTLS_RSA_C && MBEDTLS_SHA256_C &&
           MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO */