diff --git a/programs/.gitignore b/programs/.gitignore
index d9ca31c..f0d72d7 100644
--- a/programs/.gitignore
+++ b/programs/.gitignore
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 x509/cert_req
 x509/crl_app
 x509/cert_write
+x509/load_roots
 x509/req_app
 
 # generated files
diff --git a/programs/Makefile b/programs/Makefile
index d5ebfd7..538744d 100644
--- a/programs/Makefile
+++ b/programs/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 	util/pem2der$(EXEXT)		util/strerror$(EXEXT)		\
 	x509/cert_app$(EXEXT)		x509/crl_app$(EXEXT)		\
 	x509/cert_req$(EXEXT)		x509/cert_write$(EXEXT)		\
-	x509/req_app$(EXEXT)
+	x509/load_roots$(EXEXT)		x509/req_app$(EXEXT)
 
 ifdef PTHREAD
 APPS +=	ssl/ssl_pthread_server$(EXEXT)
@@ -285,6 +285,10 @@
 	echo "  CC    x509/cert_req.c"
 	$(CC) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) x509/cert_req.c    $(LOCAL_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
 
+x509/load_roots$(EXEXT): x509/load_roots.c $(DEP)
+	echo "  CC    x509/load_roots.c"
+	$(CC) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) x509/load_roots.c    $(LOCAL_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
+
 x509/req_app$(EXEXT): x509/req_app.c $(DEP)
 	echo "  CC    x509/req_app.c"
 	$(CC) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) x509/req_app.c    $(LOCAL_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
diff --git a/programs/x509/CMakeLists.txt b/programs/x509/CMakeLists.txt
index 39b8b5b..4331ca6 100644
--- a/programs/x509/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/programs/x509/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 add_executable(cert_write cert_write.c)
 target_link_libraries(cert_write ${libs})
 
-install(TARGETS cert_app crl_app req_app cert_req cert_write
+add_executable(load_roots load_roots.c)
+target_link_libraries(load_roots ${libs})
+
+install(TARGETS cert_app crl_app req_app cert_req cert_write load_roots
         DESTINATION "bin"
         PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE OWNER_EXECUTE GROUP_READ GROUP_EXECUTE WORLD_READ WORLD_EXECUTE)
diff --git a/programs/x509/load_roots.c b/programs/x509/load_roots.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5baf08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/x509/load_roots.c
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ *  Root CA reading application
+ *
+ *  Copyright The Mbed TLS Contributors
+ *  SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-or-later
+ *
+ *  This file is provided under the Apache License 2.0, or the
+ *  GNU General Public License v2.0 or later.
+ *
+ *  **********
+ *  Apache License 2.0:
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+ *  not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ *  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ *  **********
+ *
+ *  **********
+ *  GNU General Public License v2.0 or later:
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ *  with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ *  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ *  **********
+ */
+
+#if !defined(MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE)
+#include "mbedtls/config.h"
+#else
+#include MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_C)
+#include "mbedtls/platform.h"
+#else
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#define mbedtls_time            time
+#define mbedtls_time_t          time_t
+#define mbedtls_fprintf         fprintf
+#define mbedtls_printf          printf
+#define mbedtls_exit            exit
+#define MBEDTLS_EXIT_SUCCESS    EXIT_SUCCESS
+#define MBEDTLS_EXIT_FAILURE    EXIT_FAILURE
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_C */
+
+#if !defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO) ||  \
+    !defined(MBEDTLS_TIMING_C)
+int main( void )
+{
+    mbedtls_printf("MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or "
+           "MBEDTLS_TIMING_C not defined.\n");
+    mbedtls_exit( 0 );
+}
+#else
+
+#include "mbedtls/error.h"
+#include "mbedtls/timing.h"
+#include "mbedtls/x509_crt.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define DFL_ITERATIONS          1
+#define DFL_PRIME_CACHE         1
+
+#define USAGE \
+    "\n usage: load_roots param=<>... [--] {FILE|DIR}...\n"   \
+    "\n acceptable parameters:\n"                       \
+    "    iterations=%%d        Iteration count (not including cache priming); default: 1\n"  \
+    "    prime=%%d             Prime the disk read cache? Default: 1 (yes)\n"  \
+    "\n"
+
+
+/*
+ * global options
+ */
+struct options
+{
+    const char **filenames;     /* NULL-terminated list of file names */
+    unsigned iterations;        /* Number of iterations to time */
+    int prime_cache;            /* Prime the disk read cache? */
+} opt;
+
+
+int read_certificates( const char *const *filenames )
+{
+    mbedtls_x509_crt cas;
+    int ret = 0;
+    const char *const *cur;
+    char error_message[200];
+
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_init( &cas );
+
+    for( cur = filenames; *cur != NULL; cur++ )
+    {
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &cas, *cur );
+        if( ret != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, error_message, sizeof( error_message ) );
+            printf( "\n%s: -0x%04x (%s)\n", *cur, -ret, error_message );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+
+exit:
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_free( &cas );
+    return( ret == 0 );
+}
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
+{
+    int exit_code = MBEDTLS_EXIT_FAILURE;
+    unsigned i, j;
+    struct mbedtls_timing_hr_time timer;
+    unsigned long ms;
+
+    if( argc == 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( USAGE );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    opt.filenames = NULL;
+    opt.iterations = DFL_ITERATIONS;
+    opt.prime_cache = DFL_PRIME_CACHE;
+
+    for( i = 1; i < (unsigned) argc; i++ )
+    {
+        char *p = argv[i];
+        char *q = NULL;
+
+        if( strcmp( p, "--" ) == 0 )
+            break;
+        if( ( q = strchr( p, '=' ) ) == NULL )
+            break;
+        *q++ = '\0';
+
+        for( j = 0; p + j < q; j++ )
+        {
+            if( argv[i][j] >= 'A' && argv[i][j] <= 'Z' )
+                argv[i][j] |= 0x20;
+        }
+
+        if( strcmp( p, "iterations" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.iterations = atoi( q );
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "prime" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.iterations = atoi( q ) != 0;
+        }
+        else
+            mbedtls_printf( "Unknown option: %s\n", p );
+    }
+
+    opt.filenames = (const char**) argv + i;
+    if( *opt.filenames == 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( "Missing list of certificate files to parse\n" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( "Parsing %u certificates", argc - i );
+    if( opt.prime_cache )
+    {
+        if( ! read_certificates( opt.filenames ) )
+            goto exit;
+        mbedtls_printf( " " );
+    }
+
+    (void) mbedtls_timing_get_timer( &timer, 1 );
+    for( i = 1; i <= opt.iterations; i++ )
+    {
+        if( ! read_certificates( opt.filenames ) )
+            goto exit;
+        mbedtls_printf( "." );
+    }
+    ms = mbedtls_timing_get_timer( &timer, 0 );
+    mbedtls_printf( "\n%u iterations -> %lu ms\n", opt.iterations, ms );
+    exit_code = MBEDTLS_EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+exit:
+    mbedtls_exit( exit_code );
+}
+#endif /* necessary configuration */
diff --git a/visualc/VS2010/load_roots.vcxproj b/visualc/VS2010/load_roots.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9538573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/visualc/VS2010/load_roots.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\programs\x509\load_roots.c" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="mbedTLS.vcxproj">
+      <Project>{46cf2d25-6a36-4189-b59c-e4815388e554}</Project>
+      <LinkLibraryDependencies>true</LinkLibraryDependencies>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <RootNamespace>load_roots</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+    <IntDir>$(Configuration)\$(TargetName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+    <IntDir>$(Configuration)\$(TargetName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <IntDir>$(Configuration)\$(TargetName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <IntDir>$(Configuration)\$(TargetName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>../../include</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <ShowProgress>NotSet</ShowProgress>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>kernel32.lib;user32.lib;gdi32.lib;winspool.lib;comdlg32.lib;advapi32.lib;shell32.lib;ole32.lib;oleaut32.lib;uuid.lib;odbc32.lib;odbccp32.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>Debug</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
+    </Link>
+    <ProjectReference>
+      <LinkLibraryDependencies>false</LinkLibraryDependencies>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>../../include</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <ShowProgress>NotSet</ShowProgress>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>kernel32.lib;user32.lib;gdi32.lib;winspool.lib;comdlg32.lib;advapi32.lib;shell32.lib;ole32.lib;oleaut32.lib;uuid.lib;odbc32.lib;odbccp32.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>Debug</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
+    </Link>
+    <ProjectReference>
+      <LinkLibraryDependencies>false</LinkLibraryDependencies>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>../../include</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>Release</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>kernel32.lib;user32.lib;gdi32.lib;winspool.lib;comdlg32.lib;advapi32.lib;shell32.lib;ole32.lib;oleaut32.lib;uuid.lib;odbc32.lib;odbccp32.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN64;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>../../include</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>Release</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>%(AdditionalDependencies);</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/visualc/VS2010/mbedTLS.sln b/visualc/VS2010/mbedTLS.sln
index 57a8d4d..c19b26b 100644
--- a/visualc/VS2010/mbedTLS.sln
+++ b/visualc/VS2010/mbedTLS.sln
@@ -233,6 +233,11 @@
 		{46CF2D25-6A36-4189-B59C-E4815388E554} = {46CF2D25-6A36-4189-B59C-E4815388E554}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "load_roots", "load_roots.vcxproj", "{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{46CF2D25-6A36-4189-B59C-E4815388E554} = {46CF2D25-6A36-4189-B59C-E4815388E554}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "req_app", "req_app.vcxproj", "{486B1375-5CFA-C2D2-DD89-C9F497BADCB3}"
 	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
 		{46CF2D25-6A36-4189-B59C-E4815388E554} = {46CF2D25-6A36-4189-B59C-E4815388E554}
@@ -622,6 +627,14 @@
 		{35E52E46-3BA9-4361-41D3-53663C2E9B8A}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{35E52E46-3BA9-4361-41D3-53663C2E9B8A}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{35E52E46-3BA9-4361-41D3-53663C2E9B8A}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{65EB85E6-C928-689F-8335-126F78025220}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{486B1375-5CFA-C2D2-DD89-C9F497BADCB3}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 		{486B1375-5CFA-C2D2-DD89-C9F497BADCB3}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
 		{486B1375-5CFA-C2D2-DD89-C9F497BADCB3}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64