diff --git a/include/mbedtls/certs.h b/include/mbedtls/certs.h
index b7c5708..179ebbb 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/certs.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/certs.h
@@ -36,68 +36,214 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+/* List of all PEM-encoded CA certificates, terminated by NULL;
+ * PEM encoded if MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C is enabled, DER encoded
+ * otherwise. */
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cas[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_len[];
+
+/* List of all DER-encoded CA certificates, terminated by NULL */
+extern const unsigned char * mbedtls_test_cas_der[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_der_len[];
+
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
 /* Concatenation of all CA certificates in PEM format if available */
 extern const char   mbedtls_test_cas_pem[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_pem_len;
-#endif
-
-/* List of all CA certificates, terminated by NULL */
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_cas[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_len[];
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
 
 /*
- * Convenience for users who just want a certificate:
- * RSA by default, or ECDSA if RSA is not available
+ * CA test certificates
  */
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_crt;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_key;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_pwd;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_crt;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_key;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_crt;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len;
-extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_key;
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len;
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[];
+
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len;
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between PEM and DER encoding
+ * (PEM if enabled, otherwise DER) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256[];
+
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len;
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[];
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between SHA-1 and SHA-256
+ * (SHA-256 if enabled, otherwise SHA-1) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between EC and RSA
+ * (RSA if enabled, otherwise EC) */
+
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_crt;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_key;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_ca_pwd;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len;
+
+/*
+ * Server test certificates
+ */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[];
+
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len;
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between PEM and DER encoding
+ * (PEM if enabled, otherwise DER) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_len;
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[];
-extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len;
-extern const char   mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between SHA-1 and SHA-256
+ * (SHA-256 if enabled, otherwise SHA-1) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[];
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between EC and RSA
+ * (RSA if enabled, otherwise EC) */
+
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_crt;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_key;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_srv_pwd;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_len;
+
+/*
+ * Client test certificates
+ */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem[];
+
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der[];
+extern const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem_len;
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between PEM and DER encoding
+ * (PEM if enabled, otherwise DER) */
+
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa[];
+extern const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[];
+
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_len;
 extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_len;
-#endif
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len;
+
+/* Config-dependent dispatch between EC and RSA
+ * (RSA if enabled, otherwise EC) */
+
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_crt;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_key;
+extern const char * mbedtls_test_cli_pwd;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len;
+extern const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_len;
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/library/certs.c b/library/certs.c
index b54ff61..ec69ff0 100644
--- a/library/certs.c
+++ b/library/certs.c
@@ -29,358 +29,1605 @@
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_CERTS_C)
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC                                                  \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                       \
-"MIICUjCCAdegAwIBAgIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoGCCqGSM49BAMCMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n"  \
-"Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n"  \
-"QyBDQTAeFw0xMzA5MjQxNTQ5NDhaFw0yMzA5MjIxNTQ5NDhaMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n"  \
-"Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n"  \
-"QyBDQTB2MBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiA2IABMPaKzRBN1gvh1b+/Im6KUNLTuBu\r\n"  \
-"ww5XUzM5WNRStJGVOQsj318XJGJI/BqVKc4sLYfCiFKAr9ZqqyHduNMcbli4yuiy\r\n"  \
-"aY7zQa0pw7RfdadHb9UZKVVpmlM7ILRmFmAzHqOBoDCBnTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUnW0g\r\n"  \
-"JEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnwwbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7\r\n"  \
-"NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UE\r\n"  \
-"AxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8w\r\n"  \
-"CgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDaQAwZgIxAMO0YnNWKJUAfXgSJtJxexn4ipg+kv4znuR50v56\r\n"  \
-"t4d0PCu412mUC6Nnd7izvtE2MgIxAP1nnJQjZ8BWukszFQDG48wxCCyci9qpdSMv\r\n"  \
-"uCjn8pwUOkABXK8Mss90fzCfCEOtIA==\r\n"                                  \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[] = TEST_CA_CRT_EC;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec );
+/*
+ * Test CA Certificates
+ *
+ * We define test CA certificates for each choice of the following parameters:
+ * - PEM or DER encoding
+ * - SHA-1 or SHA-256 hash
+ * - RSA or EC key
+ *
+ * Things to add:
+ * - multiple EC curve types
+ *
+ */
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"
-"DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,307EAB469933D64E\r\n"
-"\r\n"
-"IxbrRmKcAzctJqPdTQLA4SWyBYYGYJVkYEna+F7Pa5t5Yg/gKADrFKcm6B72e7DG\r\n"
-"ihExtZI648s0zdYw6qSJ74vrPSuWDe5qm93BqsfVH9svtCzWHW0pm1p0KTBCFfUq\r\n"
-"UsuWTITwJImcnlAs1gaRZ3sAWm7cOUidL0fo2G0fYUFNcYoCSLffCFTEHBuPnagb\r\n"
-"a77x/sY1Bvii8S9/XhDTb6pTMx06wzrm\r\n"
-"-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM                                                 \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIICUjCCAdegAwIBAgIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoGCCqGSM49BAMCMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n" \
+    "Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n" \
+    "QyBDQTAeFw0xMzA5MjQxNTQ5NDhaFw0yMzA5MjIxNTQ5NDhaMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYT\r\n" \
+    "Ak5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBF\r\n" \
+    "QyBDQTB2MBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiA2IABMPaKzRBN1gvh1b+/Im6KUNLTuBu\r\n" \
+    "ww5XUzM5WNRStJGVOQsj318XJGJI/BqVKc4sLYfCiFKAr9ZqqyHduNMcbli4yuiy\r\n" \
+    "aY7zQa0pw7RfdadHb9UZKVVpmlM7ILRmFmAzHqOBoDCBnTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUnW0g\r\n" \
+    "JEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnwwbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkBPyvLeLUZvH4kydv7\r\n" \
+    "NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEcMBoGA1UE\r\n" \
+    "AxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8w\r\n" \
+    "CgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDaQAwZgIxAMO0YnNWKJUAfXgSJtJxexn4ipg+kv4znuR50v56\r\n" \
+    "t4d0PCu412mUC6Nnd7izvtE2MgIxAP1nnJQjZ8BWukszFQDG48wxCCyci9qpdSMv\r\n" \
+    "uCjn8pwUOkABXK8Mss90fzCfCEOtIA==\r\n"                                 \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[] = "PolarSSLTest";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/test-ca2.crt.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC_DER                                                    \
+    { 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x52, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0xd7, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+      0x02, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8, \
+      0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, \
+      0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, \
+      0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, \
+      0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, \
+      0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+      0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, \
+      0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x31, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, \
+      0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x35, 0x34, 0x39, 0x34, 0x38, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, \
+      0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x32, 0x31, 0x35, 0x34, 0x39, 0x34, 0x38, 0x5a, \
+      0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, \
+      0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, \
+      0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, \
+      0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+      0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, \
+      0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x76, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x86, \
+      0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x05, 0x2b, 0x81, 0x04, 0x00, 0x22, \
+      0x03, 0x62, 0x00, 0x04, 0xc3, 0xda, 0x2b, 0x34, 0x41, 0x37, 0x58, 0x2f, \
+      0x87, 0x56, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0x89, 0xba, 0x29, 0x43, 0x4b, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0x6e, \
+      0xc3, 0x0e, 0x57, 0x53, 0x33, 0x39, 0x58, 0xd4, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x91, 0x95, \
+      0x39, 0x0b, 0x23, 0xdf, 0x5f, 0x17, 0x24, 0x62, 0x48, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0x95, \
+      0x29, 0xce, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x87, 0xc2, 0x88, 0x52, 0x80, 0xaf, 0xd6, 0x6a, \
+      0xab, 0x21, 0xdd, 0xb8, 0xd3, 0x1c, 0x6e, 0x58, 0xb8, 0xca, 0xe8, 0xb2, \
+      0x69, 0x8e, 0xf3, 0x41, 0xad, 0x29, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0x5f, 0x75, 0xa7, 0x47, \
+      0x6f, 0xd5, 0x19, 0x29, 0x55, 0x69, 0x9a, 0x53, 0x3b, 0x20, 0xb4, 0x66, \
+      0x16, 0x60, 0x33, 0x1e, 0xa3, 0x81, 0xa0, 0x30, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x1d, \
+      0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20, \
+      0x24, 0x49, 0x01, 0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24, \
+      0xc9, 0xdb, 0xfb, 0x36, 0x7c, 0x30, 0x6e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, \
+      0x04, 0x67, 0x30, 0x65, 0x80, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x24, 0x49, 0x01, \
+      0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24, 0xc9, 0xdb, 0xfb, \
+      0x36, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0xa4, 0x40, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, \
+      0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, \
+      0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, \
+      0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, \
+      0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, \
+      0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x82, 0x09, \
+      0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06, \
+      0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x05, 0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, \
+      0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x03, \
+      0x69, 0x00, 0x30, 0x66, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0x62, 0x73, 0x56, \
+      0x28, 0x95, 0x00, 0x7d, 0x78, 0x12, 0x26, 0xd2, 0x71, 0x7b, 0x19, 0xf8, \
+      0x8a, 0x98, 0x3e, 0x92, 0xfe, 0x33, 0x9e, 0xe4, 0x79, 0xd2, 0xfe, 0x7a, \
+      0xb7, 0x87, 0x74, 0x3c, 0x2b, 0xb8, 0xd7, 0x69, 0x94, 0x0b, 0xa3, 0x67, \
+      0x77, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0xbe, 0xd1, 0x36, 0x32, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0xfd, 0x67, \
+      0x9c, 0x94, 0x23, 0x67, 0xc0, 0x56, 0xba, 0x4b, 0x33, 0x15, 0x00, 0xc6, \
+      0xe3, 0xcc, 0x31, 0x08, 0x2c, 0x9c, 0x8b, 0xda, 0xa9, 0x75, 0x23, 0x2f, \
+      0xb8, 0x28, 0xe7, 0xf2, 0x9c, 0x14, 0x3a, 0x40, 0x01, 0x5c, 0xaf, 0x0c, \
+      0xb2, 0xcf, 0x74, 0x7f, 0x30, 0x9f, 0x08, 0x43, 0xad, 0x20 }
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-"MIICHzCCAaWgAwIBAgIBCTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"
-"MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEG\r\n"
-"CCqGSM49AwEHA0IABDfMVtl2CR5acj7HWS3/IG7ufPkGkXTQrRS192giWWKSTuUA\r\n"
-"2CMR/+ov0jRdXRa9iojCa3cNVc2KKg76Aci07f+jgZ0wgZowCQYDVR0TBAIwADAd\r\n"
-"BgNVHQ4EFgQUUGGlj9QH2deCAQzlZX+MY0anE74wbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkB\r\n"
-"PyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xh\r\n"
-"clNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoG\r\n"
-"CCqGSM49BAMCA2gAMGUCMQCaLFzXptui5WQN8LlO3ddh1hMxx6tzgLvT03MTVK2S\r\n"
-"C12r0Lz3ri/moSEpNZWqPjkCMCE2f53GXcYLqyfyJR078c/xNSUU5+Xxl7VZ414V\r\n"
-"fGa5kHvHARBPc8YAIVIqDvHH1Q==\r\n"
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.enc */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC_PEM                                                 \
+    "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"                                           \
+    "DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,307EAB469933D64E\r\n"                          \
+    "\r\n"                                                                 \
+    "IxbrRmKcAzctJqPdTQLA4SWyBYYGYJVkYEna+F7Pa5t5Yg/gKADrFKcm6B72e7DG\r\n" \
+    "ihExtZI648s0zdYw6qSJ74vrPSuWDe5qm93BqsfVH9svtCzWHW0pm1p0KTBCFfUq\r\n" \
+    "UsuWTITwJImcnlAs1gaRZ3sAWm7cOUidL0fo2G0fYUFNcYoCSLffCFTEHBuPnagb\r\n" \
+    "a77x/sY1Bvii8S9/XhDTb6pTMx06wzrm\r\n"                                 \
+    "-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MHcCAQEEIPEqEyB2AnCoPL/9U/YDHvdqXYbIogTywwyp6/UfDw6noAoGCCqGSM49\r\n"
-"AwEHoUQDQgAEN8xW2XYJHlpyPsdZLf8gbu58+QaRdNCtFLX3aCJZYpJO5QDYIxH/\r\n"
-"6i/SNF1dFr2KiMJrdw1VzYoqDvoByLTt/w==\r\n"
-"-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec );
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_EC_PEM "PolarSSLTest"
 
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-"MIICLDCCAbKgAwIBAgIBDTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"
-"MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjBBMQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHzAdBgNVBAMTFlBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ2xpZW50IDIw\r\n"
-"WTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAARX5a6xc9/TrLuTuIH/Eq7u5lOszlVT\r\n"
-"9jQOzC7jYyUL35ji81xgNpbA1RgUcOV/n9VLRRjlsGzVXPiWj4dwo+THo4GdMIGa\r\n"
-"MAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFHoAX4Zk/OBd5REQO7LmO8QmP8/iMG4GA1Ud\r\n"
-"IwRnMGWAFJ1tICRJAT8ry3i1Gbx+JMnb+zZ8oUKkQDA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"
-"MA8GA1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0GC\r\n"
-"CQDBQ+J+YkPM6DAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNoADBlAjBKZQ17IIOimbmoD/yN7o89u3BM\r\n"
-"lgOsjnhw3fIOoLIWy2WOGsk/LGF++DzvrRzuNiACMQCd8iem1XS4JK7haj8xocpU\r\n"
-"LwjQje5PDGHfd3h9tP38Qknu5bJqws0md2KOKHyeV0U=\r\n"
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec );
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/test-ca2.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC_DER                                                    \
+    { 0x30, 0x81, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x30, 0x83, 0xd9, 0x15, 0x0e, \
+      0xa0, 0x71, 0xf0, 0x57, 0x10, 0x33, 0xa3, 0x38, 0xb8, 0x86, 0xc1, 0xa6, \
+      0x11, 0x5d, 0x6d, 0xb4, 0x03, 0xe1, 0x29, 0x76, 0x45, 0xd7, 0x87, 0x6f, \
+      0x23, 0xab, 0x44, 0x20, 0xea, 0x64, 0x7b, 0x85, 0xb1, 0x76, 0xe7, 0x85, \
+      0x95, 0xaa, 0x74, 0xd6, 0xd1, 0xa4, 0x5e, 0xea, 0xa0, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, \
+      0x2b, 0x81, 0x04, 0x00, 0x22, 0xa1, 0x64, 0x03, 0x62, 0x00, 0x04, 0xc3, \
+      0xda, 0x2b, 0x34, 0x41, 0x37, 0x58, 0x2f, 0x87, 0x56, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0x89, \
+      0xba, 0x29, 0x43, 0x4b, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0x6e, 0xc3, 0x0e, 0x57, 0x53, 0x33, \
+      0x39, 0x58, 0xd4, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x91, 0x95, 0x39, 0x0b, 0x23, 0xdf, 0x5f, \
+      0x17, 0x24, 0x62, 0x48, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0x95, 0x29, 0xce, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x87, \
+      0xc2, 0x88, 0x52, 0x80, 0xaf, 0xd6, 0x6a, 0xab, 0x21, 0xdd, 0xb8, 0xd3, \
+      0x1c, 0x6e, 0x58, 0xb8, 0xca, 0xe8, 0xb2, 0x69, 0x8e, 0xf3, 0x41, 0xad, \
+      0x29, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0x5f, 0x75, 0xa7, 0x47, 0x6f, 0xd5, 0x19, 0x29, 0x55, \
+      0x69, 0x9a, 0x53, 0x3b, 0x20, 0xb4, 0x66, 0x16, 0x60, 0x33, 0x1e }
 
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[] =
-"-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MHcCAQEEIPb3hmTxZ3/mZI3vyk7p3U3wBf+WIop6hDhkFzJhmLcqoAoGCCqGSM49\r\n"
-"AwEHoUQDQgAEV+WusXPf06y7k7iB/xKu7uZTrM5VU/Y0Dswu42MlC9+Y4vNcYDaW\r\n"
-"wNUYFHDlf5/VS0UY5bBs1Vz4lo+HcKPkxw==\r\n"
-"-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec );
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt. */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM                                      \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MIIDQTCCAimgAwIBAgIBAzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n" \
+    "CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n" \
+    "mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n" \
+    "50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n" \
+    "YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n" \
+    "R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n" \
+    "KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n" \
+    "UDBOMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/\r\n" \
+    "MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUA\r\n" \
+    "A4IBAQB2W2dIy4q4KysbrTL4HIaOqu62RceGuQ/KhyiI6O0ndCtQ/PgCBqHHTP8u\r\n" \
+    "8F1X2ivb60ynHV6baMLPI4Kf1k4MONtLSf/++1qh0Gdycd3A8IDAfy0YnC1F3OPK\r\n" \
+    "vWO/cZGitKoTbEpP4y4Rng3sFCDndRCWIRIDOEEW/H3lCcfL7sOQojdLl85ajFkh\r\n" \
+    "YvcDqjmnTcspUnuq9Y00C7porXJthZwz1S18qVjcFNk0zEhVMUbupSrdXVmKtOJW\r\n" \
+    "MWZjgcA+OXzcnb2hSKWbhjykH/u6/PqkuHPkD723rwXbmHdxRVS9CW57kDkn5ezJ\r\n" \
+    "5pE6Sam4qFsCNFJNBV9FRf3ZBMFi\r\n"                                  \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256                                          \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                       \
-"MIIDhzCCAm+gAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"  \
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"  \
-"MTcwNTA0MTY1NzAxWhcNMjcwNTA1MTY1NzAxWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"  \
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n"  \
-"CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n"  \
-"mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n"  \
-"50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n"  \
-"YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n"  \
-"R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n"  \
-"KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n"  \
-"gZUwgZIwHQYDVR0OBBYEFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/MGMGA1UdIwRcMFqA\r\n"  \
-"FLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/oT+kPTA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8GA1UE\r\n"  \
-"CgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0GCAQAwDAYDVR0T\r\n"  \
-"BAUwAwEB/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAHK/HHrTZMnnVMpde1io+voAtql7j\r\n"  \
-"4sRhLrjD7o3THtwRbDa2diCvpq0Sq23Ng2LMYoXsOxoL/RQK3iN7UKxV3MKPEr0w\r\n"  \
-"XQS+kKQqiT2bsfrjnWMVHZtUOMpm6FNqcdGm/Rss3vKda2lcKl8kUnq/ylc1+QbB\r\n"  \
-"G6A6tUvQcr2ZyWfVg+mM5XkhTrOOXus2OLikb4WwEtJTJRNE0f+yPODSUz0/vT57\r\n"  \
-"ApH0CnB80bYJshYHPHHymOtleAB8KSYtqm75g/YNobjnjB6cm4HkW3OZRVIl6fYY\r\n"  \
-"n20NRVA1Vjs6GAROr4NqW4k/+LofY9y0LLDE+p0oIEKXIsIvhPr39swxSA==\r\n"      \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha256.crt.der
+ * using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER                                            \
+    { 0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x29, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+      0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, \
+      0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, \
+      0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, \
+      0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+      0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+      0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, \
+      0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, \
+      0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x30, \
+      0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, \
+      0x34, 0x30, 0x30, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+      0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+      0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+      0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, \
+      0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, \
+      0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, \
+      0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, \
+      0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, \
+      0x01, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xdf, 0x37, 0xfc, 0x17, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x96, 0x9d, 0x3f, \
+      0x86, 0xde, 0x96, 0x32, 0x7d, 0x44, 0xa5, 0x16, 0xa0, 0xcd, 0x21, 0xf1, \
+      0x99, 0xd4, 0xec, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x58, 0x08, 0x94, 0xa5, 0xec, \
+      0x9b, 0xc5, 0x8b, 0xdf, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x38, 0x99, 0x87, 0x1e, 0x7b, \
+      0xc0, 0x8d, 0x39, 0xdf, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x78, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x9e, 0xd9, \
+      0x93, 0xe8, 0xb9, 0x72, 0x51, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xa3, 0x30, 0x52, 0xa9, 0xf2, \
+      0xe7, 0x40, 0x70, 0x14, 0xcb, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0xe5, 0x40, \
+      0xf9, 0x3e, 0xe5, 0xa6, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0xf9, 0xec, 0x4a, 0x63, 0xc0, 0xb8, \
+      0x29, 0x00, 0x74, 0x9c, 0x57, 0x3b, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0x04, 0x90, 0x71, 0xf1, \
+      0xbd, 0x83, 0xd9, 0x3f, 0xd6, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0xef, 0x27, \
+      0x60, 0xc3, 0xc6, 0x9f, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xec, 0x60, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0xe6, 0x84, \
+      0x32, 0xbe, 0x4f, 0xfb, 0x58, 0x26, 0x22, 0x03, 0x5b, 0xd4, 0xb4, 0xd5, \
+      0xfb, 0xf5, 0xe3, 0x96, 0x2e, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0xfc, 0x2e, \
+      0xee, 0xe2, 0x41, 0x55, 0xc0, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x24, 0x72, 0x69, 0xcb, \
+      0x47, 0xb1, 0x14, 0x40, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x31, 0xab, \
+      0xf1, 0x79, 0xa4, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0x2e, 0x12, 0xf9, 0x84, 0x17, 0xf0, 0x62, \
+      0x6f, 0x27, 0x3e, 0x13, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x54, 0x0d, 0x21, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x37, \
+      0xa1, 0x30, 0xcf, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xdc, 0xf6, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0xac, 0xdb, 0x2e, \
+      0x28, 0xd1, 0x7e, 0x02, 0x4b, 0x23, 0xa0, 0x15, 0xf2, 0x38, 0x65, 0x64, \
+      0x09, 0xea, 0x0c, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0x1b, 0x17, 0xa0, 0x71, 0xc8, 0xb3, 0x9b, \
+      0xc9, 0xab, 0xe9, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0x87, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x80, 0x02, 0x32, \
+      0x9e, 0x99, 0x58, 0x6f, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, \
+      0x50, 0x30, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x05, \
+      0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, \
+      0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, \
+      0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, \
+      0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, \
+      0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, \
+      0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, \
+      0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, \
+      0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x76, 0x5b, 0x67, 0x48, 0xcb, 0x8a, 0xb8, \
+      0x2b, 0x2b, 0x1b, 0xad, 0x32, 0xf8, 0x1c, 0x86, 0x8e, 0xaa, 0xee, 0xb6, \
+      0x45, 0xc7, 0x86, 0xb9, 0x0f, 0xca, 0x87, 0x28, 0x88, 0xe8, 0xed, 0x27, \
+      0x74, 0x2b, 0x50, 0xfc, 0xf8, 0x02, 0x06, 0xa1, 0xc7, 0x4c, 0xff, 0x2e, \
+      0xf0, 0x5d, 0x57, 0xda, 0x2b, 0xdb, 0xeb, 0x4c, 0xa7, 0x1d, 0x5e, 0x9b, \
+      0x68, 0xc2, 0xcf, 0x23, 0x82, 0x9f, 0xd6, 0x4e, 0x0c, 0x38, 0xdb, 0x4b, \
+      0x49, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xfb, 0x5a, 0xa1, 0xd0, 0x67, 0x72, 0x71, 0xdd, 0xc0, \
+      0xf0, 0x80, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0x2d, 0x18, 0x9c, 0x2d, 0x45, 0xdc, 0xe3, 0xca, \
+      0xbd, 0x63, 0xbf, 0x71, 0x91, 0xa2, 0xb4, 0xaa, 0x13, 0x6c, 0x4a, 0x4f, \
+      0xe3, 0x2e, 0x11, 0x9e, 0x0d, 0xec, 0x14, 0x20, 0xe7, 0x75, 0x10, 0x96, \
+      0x21, 0x12, 0x03, 0x38, 0x41, 0x16, 0xfc, 0x7d, 0xe5, 0x09, 0xc7, 0xcb, \
+      0xee, 0xc3, 0x90, 0xa2, 0x37, 0x4b, 0x97, 0xce, 0x5a, 0x8c, 0x59, 0x21, \
+      0x62, 0xf7, 0x03, 0xaa, 0x39, 0xa7, 0x4d, 0xcb, 0x29, 0x52, 0x7b, 0xaa, \
+      0xf5, 0x8d, 0x34, 0x0b, 0xba, 0x68, 0xad, 0x72, 0x6d, 0x85, 0x9c, 0x33, \
+      0xd5, 0x2d, 0x7c, 0xa9, 0x58, 0xdc, 0x14, 0xd9, 0x34, 0xcc, 0x48, 0x55, \
+      0x31, 0x46, 0xee, 0xa5, 0x2a, 0xdd, 0x5d, 0x59, 0x8a, 0xb4, 0xe2, 0x56, \
+      0x31, 0x66, 0x63, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x3e, 0x39, 0x7c, 0xdc, 0x9d, 0xbd, 0xa1, \
+      0x48, 0xa5, 0x9b, 0x86, 0x3c, 0xa4, 0x1f, 0xfb, 0xba, 0xfc, 0xfa, 0xa4, \
+      0xb8, 0x73, 0xe4, 0x0f, 0xbd, 0xb7, 0xaf, 0x05, 0xdb, 0x98, 0x77, 0x71, \
+      0x45, 0x54, 0xbd, 0x09, 0x6e, 0x7b, 0x90, 0x39, 0x27, 0xe5, 0xec, 0xc9, \
+      0xe6, 0x91, 0x3a, 0x49, 0xa9, 0xb8, 0xa8, 0x5b, 0x02, 0x34, 0x52, 0x4d, \
+      0x05, 0x5f, 0x45, 0x45, 0xfd, 0xd9, 0x04, 0xc1, 0x62 }
 
-static const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256[] = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
-const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt. */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM                                        \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MIIDQTCCAimgAwIBAgIBAzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n" \
+    "CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n" \
+    "mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n" \
+    "50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n" \
+    "YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n" \
+    "R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n" \
+    "KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n" \
+    "UDBOMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/\r\n" \
+    "MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLRa5KWz3tJS9rnVppUP6z68x/3/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUA\r\n" \
+    "A4IBAQABE3OEPfEd/bcJW5ZdU3/VgPNS4tMzh8gnJP/V2FcvFtGylMpQq6YnEBYI\r\n" \
+    "yBHAL4DRvlMY5rnXGBp3ODR8MpqHC6AquRTCLzjS57iYff//4QFQqW9n92zctspv\r\n" \
+    "czkaPKgjqo1No3Uq0Xaz10rcxyTUPrf5wNVRZ2V0KvllvAAVSzbI4mpdUXztjhST\r\n" \
+    "S5A2BeWQAAOr0zq1F7TSRVJpJs7jmB2ai/igkh1IAjcuwV6VwlP+sbw0gjQ0NpGM\r\n" \
+    "iHpnlzRAi/tIbtOvMIGOBU2TIfax/5jq1agUx5aPmT5TWAiJPOOP6l5xXnDwxeYS\r\n" \
+    "NWqiX9GyusBZjezaCaHabjDLU0qQ\r\n"                                  \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
 
-#if !defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME) || defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
-#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1                                            \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                       \
-"MIIDhzCCAm+gAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"  \
-"MA8GA1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMTEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"  \
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDAwWjA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"  \
-"A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMTEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwggEiMA0G\r\n"  \
-"CSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDA3zf8F7vglp0/ht6WMn1EpRagzSHx\r\n"  \
-"mdTs6st8GFgIlKXsm8WL3xoemTiZhx57wI053zhdcHgH057Zk+i5clHFzqMwUqny\r\n"  \
-"50BwFMtEonILwuVA+T7lpg6z+exKY8C4KQB0nFc7qKUEkHHxvYPZP9al4jwqj+8n\r\n"  \
-"YMPGn8u67GB9t+aEMr5P+1gmIgNb1LTV+/Xjli5wwOQuvfwu7uJBVcA0Ln0kcmnL\r\n"  \
-"R7EUQIN9Z/SG9jGr8XmksrUuEvmEF/Bibyc+E1ixVA0hmnM3oTDPb5Lc9un8rNsu\r\n"  \
-"KNF+AksjoBXyOGVkCeoMbo4bF6BxyLObyavpw/LPh5aPgAIynplYb6LVAgMBAAGj\r\n"  \
-"gZUwgZIwDAYDVR0TBAUwAwEB/zAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH\r\n"  \
-"/f8wYwYDVR0jBFwwWoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f+hP6Q9MDsxCzAJBgNV\r\n"  \
-"BAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xhclNTTDEZMBcGA1UEAxMQUG9sYXJTU0wgVGVz\r\n"  \
-"dCBDQYIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAuP1U2ABUkIslsCfdlc2i94QHHYeJ\r\n"  \
-"SsR4EdgHtdciUI5I62J6Mom+Y0dT/7a+8S6MVMCZP6C5NyNyXw1GWY/YR82XTJ8H\r\n"  \
-"DBJiCTok5DbZ6SzaONBzdWHXwWwmi5vg1dxn7YxrM9d0IjxM27WNKs4sDQhZBQkF\r\n"  \
-"pjmfs2cb4oPl4Y9T9meTx/lvdkRYEug61Jfn6cA+qHpyPYdTH+UshITnmp5/Ztkf\r\n"  \
-"m/UTSLBNFNHesiTZeH31NcxYGdHSme9Nc/gfidRa0FLOCfWxRlFqAI47zG9jAQCZ\r\n"  \
-"7Z2mCGDNMhjQc+BYcdnl0lPXjdDK6V0qCg1dVewhUBcW5gZKzV7e9+DpVA==\r\n"      \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca-sha1.crt.der. */
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER                                        \
+    {  0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x29, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+       0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, \
+       0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, \
+       0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, \
+       0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+       0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+       0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, \
+       0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, \
+       0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x30, \
+       0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, \
+       0x34, 0x30, 0x30, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+       0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+       0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+       0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, \
+       0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, \
+       0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, \
+       0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, \
+       0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, \
+       0x01, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xdf, 0x37, 0xfc, 0x17, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x96, 0x9d, 0x3f, \
+       0x86, 0xde, 0x96, 0x32, 0x7d, 0x44, 0xa5, 0x16, 0xa0, 0xcd, 0x21, 0xf1, \
+       0x99, 0xd4, 0xec, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x58, 0x08, 0x94, 0xa5, 0xec, \
+       0x9b, 0xc5, 0x8b, 0xdf, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x38, 0x99, 0x87, 0x1e, 0x7b, \
+       0xc0, 0x8d, 0x39, 0xdf, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x78, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x9e, 0xd9, \
+       0x93, 0xe8, 0xb9, 0x72, 0x51, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xa3, 0x30, 0x52, 0xa9, 0xf2, \
+       0xe7, 0x40, 0x70, 0x14, 0xcb, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0xe5, 0x40, \
+       0xf9, 0x3e, 0xe5, 0xa6, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0xf9, 0xec, 0x4a, 0x63, 0xc0, 0xb8, \
+       0x29, 0x00, 0x74, 0x9c, 0x57, 0x3b, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0x04, 0x90, 0x71, 0xf1, \
+       0xbd, 0x83, 0xd9, 0x3f, 0xd6, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0xef, 0x27, \
+       0x60, 0xc3, 0xc6, 0x9f, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xec, 0x60, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0xe6, 0x84, \
+       0x32, 0xbe, 0x4f, 0xfb, 0x58, 0x26, 0x22, 0x03, 0x5b, 0xd4, 0xb4, 0xd5, \
+       0xfb, 0xf5, 0xe3, 0x96, 0x2e, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0xfc, 0x2e, \
+       0xee, 0xe2, 0x41, 0x55, 0xc0, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x24, 0x72, 0x69, 0xcb, \
+       0x47, 0xb1, 0x14, 0x40, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x31, 0xab, \
+       0xf1, 0x79, 0xa4, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0x2e, 0x12, 0xf9, 0x84, 0x17, 0xf0, 0x62, \
+       0x6f, 0x27, 0x3e, 0x13, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x54, 0x0d, 0x21, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x37, \
+       0xa1, 0x30, 0xcf, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xdc, 0xf6, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0xac, 0xdb, 0x2e, \
+       0x28, 0xd1, 0x7e, 0x02, 0x4b, 0x23, 0xa0, 0x15, 0xf2, 0x38, 0x65, 0x64, \
+       0x09, 0xea, 0x0c, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0x1b, 0x17, 0xa0, 0x71, 0xc8, 0xb3, 0x9b, \
+       0xc9, 0xab, 0xe9, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0x87, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x80, 0x02, 0x32, \
+       0x9e, 0x99, 0x58, 0x6f, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, \
+       0x50, 0x30, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x05, \
+       0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, \
+       0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, \
+       0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, \
+       0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, \
+       0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, \
+       0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, \
+       0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, \
+       0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x13, 0x73, 0x84, 0x3d, 0xf1, 0x1d, \
+       0xfd, 0xb7, 0x09, 0x5b, 0x96, 0x5d, 0x53, 0x7f, 0xd5, 0x80, 0xf3, 0x52, \
+       0xe2, 0xd3, 0x33, 0x87, 0xc8, 0x27, 0x24, 0xff, 0xd5, 0xd8, 0x57, 0x2f, \
+       0x16, 0xd1, 0xb2, 0x94, 0xca, 0x50, 0xab, 0xa6, 0x27, 0x10, 0x16, 0x08, \
+       0xc8, 0x11, 0xc0, 0x2f, 0x80, 0xd1, 0xbe, 0x53, 0x18, 0xe6, 0xb9, 0xd7, \
+       0x18, 0x1a, 0x77, 0x38, 0x34, 0x7c, 0x32, 0x9a, 0x87, 0x0b, 0xa0, 0x2a, \
+       0xb9, 0x14, 0xc2, 0x2f, 0x38, 0xd2, 0xe7, 0xb8, 0x98, 0x7d, 0xff, 0xff, \
+       0xe1, 0x01, 0x50, 0xa9, 0x6f, 0x67, 0xf7, 0x6c, 0xdc, 0xb6, 0xca, 0x6f, \
+       0x73, 0x39, 0x1a, 0x3c, 0xa8, 0x23, 0xaa, 0x8d, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0x75, 0x2a, \
+       0xd1, 0x76, 0xb3, 0xd7, 0x4a, 0xdc, 0xc7, 0x24, 0xd4, 0x3e, 0xb7, 0xf9, \
+       0xc0, 0xd5, 0x51, 0x67, 0x65, 0x74, 0x2a, 0xf9, 0x65, 0xbc, 0x00, 0x15, \
+       0x4b, 0x36, 0xc8, 0xe2, 0x6a, 0x5d, 0x51, 0x7c, 0xed, 0x8e, 0x14, 0x93, \
+       0x4b, 0x90, 0x36, 0x05, 0xe5, 0x90, 0x00, 0x03, 0xab, 0xd3, 0x3a, 0xb5, \
+       0x17, 0xb4, 0xd2, 0x45, 0x52, 0x69, 0x26, 0xce, 0xe3, 0x98, 0x1d, 0x9a, \
+       0x8b, 0xf8, 0xa0, 0x92, 0x1d, 0x48, 0x02, 0x37, 0x2e, 0xc1, 0x5e, 0x95, \
+       0xc2, 0x53, 0xfe, 0xb1, 0xbc, 0x34, 0x82, 0x34, 0x34, 0x36, 0x91, 0x8c, \
+       0x88, 0x7a, 0x67, 0x97, 0x34, 0x40, 0x8b, 0xfb, 0x48, 0x6e, 0xd3, 0xaf, \
+       0x30, 0x81, 0x8e, 0x05, 0x4d, 0x93, 0x21, 0xf6, 0xb1, 0xff, 0x98, 0xea, \
+       0xd5, 0xa8, 0x14, 0xc7, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x99, 0x3e, 0x53, 0x58, 0x08, 0x89, \
+       0x3c, 0xe3, 0x8f, 0xea, 0x5e, 0x71, 0x5e, 0x70, 0xf0, 0xc5, 0xe6, 0x12, \
+       0x35, 0x6a, 0xa2, 0x5f, 0xd1, 0xb2, 0xba, 0xc0, 0x59, 0x8d, 0xec, 0xda, \
+       0x09, 0xa1, 0xda, 0x6e, 0x30, 0xcb, 0x53, 0x4a, 0x90 }
 
-static const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1[] = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/test-ca.key */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                  \
+    "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"                                           \
+    "DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,A8A95B05D5B7206B\r\n"                          \
+    "\r\n"                                                                 \
+    "9Qd9GeArejl1GDVh2lLV1bHt0cPtfbh5h/5zVpAVaFpqtSPMrElp50Rntn9et+JA\r\n" \
+    "7VOyboR+Iy2t/HU4WvA687k3Bppe9GwKHjHhtl//8xFKwZr3Xb5yO5JUP8AUctQq\r\n" \
+    "Nb8CLlZyuUC+52REAAthdWgsX+7dJO4yabzUcQ22Tp9JSD0hiL43BlkWYUNK3dAo\r\n" \
+    "PZlmiptjnzVTjg1MxsBSydZinWOLBV8/JQgxSPo2yD4uEfig28qbvQ2wNIn0pnAb\r\n" \
+    "GxnSAOazkongEGfvcjIIs+LZN9gXFhxcOh6kc4Q/c99B7QWETwLLkYgZ+z1a9VY9\r\n" \
+    "gEU7CwCxYCD+h9hY6FPmsK0/lC4O7aeRKpYq00rPPxs6i7phiexg6ax6yTMmArQq\r\n" \
+    "QmK3TAsJm8V/J5AWpLEV6jAFgRGymGGHnof0DXzVWZidrcZJWTNuGEX90nB3ee2w\r\n" \
+    "PXJEFWKoD3K3aFcSLdHYr3mLGxP7H9ThQai9VsycxZKS5kwvBKQ//YMrmFfwPk8x\r\n" \
+    "vTeY4KZMaUrveEel5tWZC94RSMKgxR6cyE1nBXyTQnDOGbfpNNgBKxyKbINWoOJU\r\n" \
+    "WJZAwlsQn+QzCDwpri7+sV1mS3gBE6UY7aQmnmiiaC2V3Hbphxct/en5QsfDOt1X\r\n" \
+    "JczSfpRWLlbPznZg8OQh/VgCMA58N5DjOzTIK7sJJ5r+94ZBTCpgAMbF588f0NTR\r\n" \
+    "KCe4yrxGJR7X02M4nvD4IwOlpsQ8xQxZtOSgXv4LkxvdU9XJJKWZ/XNKJeWztxSe\r\n" \
+    "Z1vdTc2YfsDBA2SEv33vxHx2g1vqtw8SjDRT2RaQSS0QuSaMJimdOX6mTOCBKk1J\r\n" \
+    "9Q5mXTrER+/LnK0jEmXsBXWA5bqqVZIyahXSx4VYZ7l7w/PHiUDtDgyRhMMKi4n2\r\n" \
+    "iQvQcWSQTjrpnlJbca1/DkpRt3YwrvJwdqb8asZU2VrNETh5x0QVefDRLFiVpif/\r\n" \
+    "tUaeAe/P1F8OkS7OIZDs1SUbv/sD2vMbhNkUoCms3/PvNtdnvgL4F0zhaDpKCmlT\r\n" \
+    "P8vx49E7v5CyRNmED9zZg4o3wmMqrQO93PtTug3Eu9oVx1zPQM1NVMyBa2+f29DL\r\n" \
+    "1nuTCeXdo9+ni45xx+jAI4DCwrRdhJ9uzZyC6962H37H6D+5naNvClFR1s6li1Gb\r\n" \
+    "nqPoiy/OBsEx9CaDGcqQBp5Wme/3XW+6z1ISOx+igwNTVCT14mHdBMbya0eIKft5\r\n" \
+    "X+GnwtgEMyCYyyWuUct8g4RzErcY9+yW9Om5Hzpx4zOuW4NPZgPDTgK+t2RSL/Yq\r\n" \
+    "rE1njrgeGYcVeG3f+OftH4s6fPbq7t1A5ZgUscbLMBqr9tK+OqygR4EgKBPsH6Cz\r\n" \
+    "L6zlv/2RV0qAHvVuDJcIDIgwY5rJtINEm32rhOeFNJwZS5MNIC1czXZx5//ugX7l\r\n" \
+    "I4sy5nbVhwSjtAk8Xg5dZbdTZ6mIrb7xqH+fdakZor1khG7bC2uIwibD3cSl2XkR\r\n" \
+    "wN48lslbHnqqagr6Xm1nNOSVl8C/6kbJEsMpLhAezfRtGwvOucoaE+WbeUNolGde\r\n" \
+    "P/eQiddSf0brnpiLJRh7qZrl9XuqYdpUqnoEdMAfotDOID8OtV7gt8a48ad8VPW2\r\n" \
+    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
 
-#if !defined (TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME)
-const char   mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
-#endif /* !TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME */
-#endif /* !TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_COME || MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_RSA_PEM "PolarSSLTest"
 
-#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
-/* tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt */
-#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256                                          \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                        \
-"MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"   \
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"   \
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"   \
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n"   \
-"AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n"   \
-"owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n"   \
-"NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n"   \
-"tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n"   \
-"hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n"   \
-"HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n"   \
-"VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n"   \
-"FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAGGEshT5\r\n"   \
-"kvnRmLVScVeUEdwIrvW7ezbGbUvJ8VxeJ79/HSjlLiGbMc4uUathwtzEdi9R/4C5\r\n"   \
-"DXBNeEPTkbB+fhG1W06iHYj/Dp8+aaG7fuDxKVKHVZSqBnmQLn73ymyclZNHii5A\r\n"   \
-"3nTS8WUaHAzxN/rajOtoM7aH1P9tULpHrl+7HOeLMpxUnwI12ZqZaLIzxbcdJVcr\r\n"   \
-"ra2F00aXCGkYVLvyvbZIq7LC+yVysej5gCeQYD7VFOEks0jhFjrS06gP0/XnWv6v\r\n"   \
-"eBoPez9d+CCjkrhseiWzXOiriIMICX48EloO/DrsMRAtvlwq7EDz4QhILz6ffndm\r\n"   \
-"e4K1cVANRPN2o9Y=\r\n"                                                   \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+/* This was generated from test-ca.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_DER                                                   \
+    { 0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, \
+      0xc0, 0xdf, 0x37, 0xfc, 0x17, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x96, 0x9d, 0x3f, 0x86, 0xde, \
+      0x96, 0x32, 0x7d, 0x44, 0xa5, 0x16, 0xa0, 0xcd, 0x21, 0xf1, 0x99, 0xd4, \
+      0xec, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x58, 0x08, 0x94, 0xa5, 0xec, 0x9b, 0xc5, \
+      0x8b, 0xdf, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x38, 0x99, 0x87, 0x1e, 0x7b, 0xc0, 0x8d, \
+      0x39, 0xdf, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x78, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x9e, 0xd9, 0x93, 0xe8, \
+      0xb9, 0x72, 0x51, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xa3, 0x30, 0x52, 0xa9, 0xf2, 0xe7, 0x40, \
+      0x70, 0x14, 0xcb, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0xe5, 0x40, 0xf9, 0x3e, \
+      0xe5, 0xa6, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0xf9, 0xec, 0x4a, 0x63, 0xc0, 0xb8, 0x29, 0x00, \
+      0x74, 0x9c, 0x57, 0x3b, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0x04, 0x90, 0x71, 0xf1, 0xbd, 0x83, \
+      0xd9, 0x3f, 0xd6, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0xef, 0x27, 0x60, 0xc3, \
+      0xc6, 0x9f, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xec, 0x60, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0xe6, 0x84, 0x32, 0xbe, \
+      0x4f, 0xfb, 0x58, 0x26, 0x22, 0x03, 0x5b, 0xd4, 0xb4, 0xd5, 0xfb, 0xf5, \
+      0xe3, 0x96, 0x2e, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0xfc, 0x2e, 0xee, 0xe2, \
+      0x41, 0x55, 0xc0, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x24, 0x72, 0x69, 0xcb, 0x47, 0xb1, \
+      0x14, 0x40, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x31, 0xab, 0xf1, 0x79, \
+      0xa4, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0x2e, 0x12, 0xf9, 0x84, 0x17, 0xf0, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x27, \
+      0x3e, 0x13, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x54, 0x0d, 0x21, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x37, 0xa1, 0x30, \
+      0xcf, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xdc, 0xf6, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0xac, 0xdb, 0x2e, 0x28, 0xd1, \
+      0x7e, 0x02, 0x4b, 0x23, 0xa0, 0x15, 0xf2, 0x38, 0x65, 0x64, 0x09, 0xea, \
+      0x0c, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0x1b, 0x17, 0xa0, 0x71, 0xc8, 0xb3, 0x9b, 0xc9, 0xab, \
+      0xe9, 0xc3, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0x87, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x80, 0x02, 0x32, 0x9e, 0x99, \
+      0x58, 0x6f, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, \
+      0x00, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x34, 0x6f, 0xdb, 0xc9, 0x37, 0xb7, 0x84, \
+      0xdc, 0x37, 0x45, 0xe1, 0x63, 0xad, 0xb8, 0xb6, 0x75, 0xb1, 0xc7, 0x35, \
+      0xb4, 0x77, 0x2a, 0x5b, 0x77, 0xf9, 0x7e, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0xa3, 0xd1, 0xb7, \
+      0xcb, 0xa9, 0x5a, 0xc1, 0x87, 0xda, 0x5a, 0xfa, 0x17, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0x38, \
+      0x03, 0xde, 0x68, 0x98, 0x81, 0xec, 0xb5, 0xf2, 0x2a, 0x8d, 0xe9, 0x2c, \
+      0xf3, 0xa6, 0xe5, 0x32, 0x17, 0x7f, 0x33, 0x81, 0xe8, 0x38, 0x72, 0xd5, \
+      0x9c, 0xfa, 0x4e, 0xfb, 0x26, 0xf5, 0x15, 0x0b, 0xaf, 0x84, 0x66, 0xab, \
+      0x02, 0xe0, 0x18, 0xd5, 0x91, 0x7c, 0xd6, 0x8f, 0xc9, 0x4b, 0x76, 0x08, \
+      0x2b, 0x1d, 0x81, 0x68, 0x30, 0xe1, 0xfa, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x13, 0x4e, 0x10, \
+      0x03, 0x35, 0x3e, 0xc5, 0xca, 0x58, 0x20, 0x8a, 0x21, 0x18, 0x38, 0xa0, \
+      0x0f, 0xed, 0xc4, 0xbb, 0x45, 0x6f, 0xf5, 0x84, 0x5b, 0xb0, 0xcf, 0x4e, \
+      0x9d, 0x58, 0x13, 0x6b, 0x35, 0x35, 0x69, 0xa1, 0xd2, 0xc4, 0xf2, 0xc1, \
+      0x48, 0x04, 0x20, 0x51, 0xb9, 0x6b, 0xa4, 0x5d, 0xa5, 0x4b, 0x84, 0x88, \
+      0x43, 0x48, 0x99, 0x2c, 0xbb, 0xa4, 0x97, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0x18, 0xf6, 0xec, \
+      0x5c, 0xd1, 0x31, 0x49, 0xc9, 0xf2, 0x8f, 0x0b, 0x4d, 0xef, 0x09, 0x02, \
+      0xfe, 0x7d, 0xfd, 0xbb, 0xaf, 0x2b, 0x83, 0x94, 0x22, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x3e, \
+      0x66, 0xf5, 0xe0, 0x57, 0xdc, 0xf2, 0xed, 0x2c, 0x3e, 0x81, 0x74, 0x76, \
+      0x1e, 0x96, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x1e, 0x32, 0x0e, 0x14, 0x31, 0xd0, 0x74, 0xf0, \
+      0xf4, 0x07, 0xbd, 0xc3, 0xd1, 0x22, 0xc2, 0xa8, 0x95, 0x92, 0x06, 0x7f, \
+      0x43, 0x02, 0x91, 0xbc, 0xdd, 0x23, 0x01, 0x89, 0x94, 0x20, 0x44, 0x64, \
+      0xf5, 0x1d, 0x67, 0xd2, 0x8f, 0xe8, 0x69, 0xa5, 0x29, 0x25, 0xe6, 0x50, \
+      0x9c, 0xe3, 0xe9, 0xcb, 0x75, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe2, 0x29, 0x3e, \
+      0xaa, 0x6b, 0xd5, 0x59, 0x1e, 0x9c, 0xe6, 0x47, 0xd5, 0xb6, 0xd7, 0xe3, \
+      0xf1, 0x8e, 0x9e, 0xe9, 0x83, 0x5f, 0x10, 0x9f, 0x63, 0xec, 0x04, 0x44, \
+      0xcc, 0x3f, 0xf8, 0xd9, 0x3a, 0x17, 0xe0, 0x4f, 0xfe, 0xd8, 0x4d, 0xcd, \
+      0x46, 0x54, 0x74, 0xbf, 0x0a, 0xc4, 0x67, 0x9c, 0xa7, 0xd8, 0x89, 0x65, \
+      0x4c, 0xfd, 0x58, 0x2a, 0x47, 0x0f, 0xf4, 0x37, 0xb6, 0x55, 0xb0, 0x1d, \
+      0xed, 0xa7, 0x39, 0xfc, 0x4f, 0xa3, 0xc4, 0x75, 0x3a, 0xa3, 0x98, 0xa7, \
+      0x45, 0xf5, 0x66, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x65, 0xfb, 0x80, 0x23, 0xe6, 0xff, 0xfd, \
+      0x99, 0x1f, 0x8e, 0x6b, 0xff, 0x5e, 0x93, 0x66, 0xdf, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0xc3, \
+      0xf6, 0x38, 0x2e, 0xff, 0x69, 0xb5, 0xac, 0xae, 0xbb, 0xc6, 0x71, 0x16, \
+      0x6b, 0xd0, 0xf8, 0x22, 0xd9, 0xf8, 0xa2, 0x72, 0x20, 0xd2, 0xe2, 0x3a, \
+      0x70, 0x4b, 0xde, 0xab, 0x2f, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xda, 0x51, 0x9b, \
+      0xb8, 0xb2, 0x2a, 0x14, 0x75, 0x58, 0x40, 0x8d, 0x27, 0x70, 0xfa, 0x31, \
+      0x48, 0xb0, 0x20, 0x21, 0x34, 0xfa, 0x4c, 0x57, 0xa8, 0x11, 0x88, 0xf3, \
+      0xa7, 0xae, 0x21, 0xe9, 0xb6, 0x2b, 0xd1, 0xcd, 0xa7, 0xf8, 0xd8, 0x0c, \
+      0x8a, 0x76, 0x22, 0x35, 0x44, 0xce, 0x3f, 0x25, 0x29, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x79, \
+      0xa7, 0x31, 0xd6, 0xec, 0xb2, 0xbf, 0xda, 0x34, 0xb6, 0xf6, 0xb2, 0x3b, \
+      0xf3, 0x78, 0x5a, 0x04, 0x83, 0x33, 0x3e, 0xa2, 0xe2, 0x81, 0x82, 0x13, \
+      0xd4, 0x35, 0x17, 0x63, 0x9b, 0x9e, 0xc4, 0x8d, 0x91, 0x4c, 0x03, 0x77, \
+      0xc7, 0x71, 0x5b, 0xee, 0x83, 0x6d, 0xd5, 0x78, 0x88, 0xf6, 0x2c, 0x79, \
+      0xc2, 0x4a, 0xb4, 0x79, 0x90, 0x70, 0xbf, 0xdf, 0x34, 0x56, 0x96, 0x71, \
+      0xe3, 0x0e, 0x68, 0x91, 0xbc, 0xea, 0xcb, 0x33, 0xc0, 0xbe, 0x45, 0xd7, \
+      0xfc, 0x30, 0xfd, 0x01, 0x3b, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xd2, 0x9f, 0x2a, \
+      0xb7, 0x38, 0x19, 0xc7, 0x17, 0x95, 0x73, 0x78, 0xae, 0xf5, 0xcb, 0x75, \
+      0x83, 0x7f, 0x19, 0x4b, 0xcb, 0x86, 0xfb, 0x4a, 0x15, 0x9a, 0xb6, 0x17, \
+      0x04, 0x49, 0x07, 0x8d, 0xf6, 0x66, 0x4a, 0x06, 0xf6, 0x05, 0xa7, 0xdf, \
+      0x66, 0x82, 0x3c, 0xff, 0xb6, 0x1d, 0x57, 0x89, 0x33, 0x5f, 0x9c, 0x05, \
+      0x75, 0x7f, 0xf3, 0x5d, 0xdc, 0x34, 0x65, 0x72, 0x85, 0x22, 0xa4, 0x14, \
+      0x1b, 0x41, 0xc3, 0xe4, 0xd0, 0x9e, 0x69, 0xd5, 0xeb, 0x38, 0x74, 0x70, \
+      0x43, 0xdc, 0xd9, 0x50, 0xe4, 0x97, 0x6d, 0x73, 0xd6, 0xfb, 0xc8, 0xa7, \
+      0xfa, 0xb4, 0xc2, 0xc4, 0x9d, 0x5d, 0x0c, 0xd5, 0x9f, 0x79, 0xb3, 0x54, \
+      0xc2, 0xb7, 0x6c, 0x3d, 0x7d, 0xcb, 0x2d, 0xf8, 0xc4, 0xf3, 0x78, 0x5a, \
+      0x33, 0x2a, 0xb8, 0x0c, 0x6d, 0x06, 0xfa, 0xf2, 0x62, 0xd3, 0x42, 0xd0, \
+      0xbd, 0xc8, 0x4a, 0xa5, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xd4, 0xa9, 0x90, \
+      0x15, 0xde, 0xbf, 0x2c, 0xc4, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0xfb, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0xe4, 0x83, \
+      0xe3, 0x79, 0x65, 0x22, 0xd3, 0xb7, 0x49, 0x6c, 0x4d, 0x94, 0x1f, 0x22, \
+      0xb1, 0x60, 0xe7, 0x3a, 0x00, 0xb1, 0x38, 0xa2, 0xab, 0x0f, 0xb4, 0x6c, \
+      0xaa, 0xe7, 0x9e, 0x34, 0xe3, 0x7c, 0x40, 0x78, 0x53, 0xb2, 0xf9, 0x23, \
+      0xea, 0xa0, 0x9a, 0xea, 0x60, 0xc8, 0x8f, 0xa6, 0xaf, 0xdf, 0x29, 0x09, \
+      0x4b, 0x06, 0x1e, 0x31, 0xad, 0x17, 0xda, 0xd8, 0xd1, 0xe9, 0x33, 0xab, \
+      0x5b, 0x18, 0x08, 0x5b, 0x87, 0xf8, 0xa5, 0x1f, 0xfd, 0xbb, 0xdc, 0xd8, \
+      0xed, 0x97, 0x57, 0xe4, 0xc3, 0x73, 0xd6, 0xf0, 0x9e, 0x01, 0xa6, 0x9b, \
+      0x48, 0x8e, 0x7a, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0xe5, 0x88, 0x91, 0xc5, 0x2a, 0xdf, 0x4b, \
+      0xba, 0xd0, 0x8b, 0x3e, 0x03, 0x97, 0x77, 0x2f, 0x47, 0x7e, 0x51, 0x0c, \
+      0xae, 0x65, 0x8d, 0xde, 0x87, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x20, 0x24, 0x0f, 0xd2, \
+      0xaf, 0xc2, 0x28, 0x3b, 0x97, 0x20, 0xb2, 0x92, 0x49, 0xeb, 0x09, 0x68, \
+      0x40, 0xb2, 0xbe, 0xd1, 0xc3, 0x83, 0x94, 0x34, 0x38, 0xd6, 0xc9, 0xec, \
+      0x34, 0x09, 0xf9, 0x41, 0x6d, 0x5c, 0x42, 0x94, 0xf7, 0x04, 0xfc, 0x32, \
+      0x39, 0x69, 0xbc, 0x1c, 0xfb, 0x3e, 0x61, 0x98, 0xc0, 0x80, 0xd8, 0x36, \
+      0x47, 0xc3, 0x6d, 0xc2, 0x2e, 0xe7, 0x81, 0x2a, 0x17, 0x34, 0x64, 0x30, \
+      0x4e, 0x96, 0xbb, 0x26, 0x16, 0xb9, 0x41, 0x36, 0xfe, 0x8a, 0xd6, 0x53, \
+      0x7c, 0xaa, 0xec, 0x39, 0x42, 0x50, 0xef, 0xe3, 0xb3, 0x01, 0x28, 0x32, \
+      0xca, 0x6d, 0xf5, 0x9a, 0x1e, 0x9f, 0x37, 0xbe, 0xfe, 0x38, 0x20, 0x22, \
+      0x91, 0x8c, 0xcd, 0x95, 0x02, 0xf2, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x1a, 0xb4, 0x43, 0xf0, \
+      0x19, 0xdf, 0x65, 0xc0, 0x92, 0xe7, 0x9d, 0x2f, 0x09, 0xe7, 0xec, 0x69, \
+      0xa8, 0xc2, 0x8f, 0x0d }
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[]     =  TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
-#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+/*
+ * Test server Certificates
+ *
+ * Test server certificates are defined for each choice
+ * of the following parameters:
+ * - PEM or DER encoding
+ * - SHA-1 or SHA-256 hash
+ * - RSA or EC key
+ *
+ * Things to add:
+ * - multiple EC curve types
+ */
 
-#if !defined(TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME) || defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
-/* tests/data_files/server2.crt */
-#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1                                          \
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
-"MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n" \
-"AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n" \
-"owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n" \
-"NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n" \
-"tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n" \
-"hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n" \
-"HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n" \
-"VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n" \
-"FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAFzC0rF\r\n" \
-"y6De8WMcdgQrEw3AhBHFjzqnxZw1ene4IBSC7lTw8rBSy3jOWQdPUWn+0y/pCeeF\r\n" \
-"kti6sevFdl1hLemGtd4q+T9TKEKGg3ND4ARfB5AUZZ9uEHq8WBkiwus5clGS17Qd\r\n" \
-"dS/TOisB59tQruLx1E1bPLtBKyqk4koC5WAULJwfpswGSyWJTpYwIpxcWE3D2tBu\r\n" \
-"UB6MZfXZFzWmWEOyKbeoXjXe8GBCGgHLywvYDsGQ36HSGtEsAvR2QaTLSxWYcfk1\r\n" \
-"fbDn4jSWkb4yZy1r01UEigFQtONieGwRFaUqEcFJHJvEEGVgh9keaVlOj2vrwf5r\r\n" \
-"4mN4lW7gLdenN6g=\r\n"                                                 \
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server5.crt. */
 
-#if !defined(TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME)
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[]     =  TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
-#endif /* TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SOME */
-#endif /* !TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SOME || MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIICHzCCAaWgAwIBAgIBCTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEG\r\n" \
+    "CCqGSM49AwEHA0IABDfMVtl2CR5acj7HWS3/IG7ufPkGkXTQrRS192giWWKSTuUA\r\n" \
+    "2CMR/+ov0jRdXRa9iojCa3cNVc2KKg76Aci07f+jgZ0wgZowCQYDVR0TBAIwADAd\r\n" \
+    "BgNVHQ4EFgQUUGGlj9QH2deCAQzlZX+MY0anE74wbgYDVR0jBGcwZYAUnW0gJEkB\r\n" \
+    "PyvLeLUZvH4kydv7NnyhQqRAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAk5MMREwDwYDVQQKEwhQb2xh\r\n" \
+    "clNTTDEcMBoGA1UEAxMTUG9sYXJzc2wgVGVzdCBFQyBDQYIJAMFD4n5iQ8zoMAoG\r\n" \
+    "CCqGSM49BAMCA2gAMGUCMQCaLFzXptui5WQN8LlO3ddh1hMxx6tzgLvT03MTVK2S\r\n" \
+    "C12r0Lz3ri/moSEpNZWqPjkCMCE2f53GXcYLqyfyJR078c/xNSUU5+Xxl7VZ414V\r\n" \
+    "fGa5kHvHARBPc8YAIVIqDvHH1Q==\r\n"                                     \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n"
-"DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,A8A95B05D5B7206B\r\n"
-"\r\n"
-"9Qd9GeArejl1GDVh2lLV1bHt0cPtfbh5h/5zVpAVaFpqtSPMrElp50Rntn9et+JA\r\n"
-"7VOyboR+Iy2t/HU4WvA687k3Bppe9GwKHjHhtl//8xFKwZr3Xb5yO5JUP8AUctQq\r\n"
-"Nb8CLlZyuUC+52REAAthdWgsX+7dJO4yabzUcQ22Tp9JSD0hiL43BlkWYUNK3dAo\r\n"
-"PZlmiptjnzVTjg1MxsBSydZinWOLBV8/JQgxSPo2yD4uEfig28qbvQ2wNIn0pnAb\r\n"
-"GxnSAOazkongEGfvcjIIs+LZN9gXFhxcOh6kc4Q/c99B7QWETwLLkYgZ+z1a9VY9\r\n"
-"gEU7CwCxYCD+h9hY6FPmsK0/lC4O7aeRKpYq00rPPxs6i7phiexg6ax6yTMmArQq\r\n"
-"QmK3TAsJm8V/J5AWpLEV6jAFgRGymGGHnof0DXzVWZidrcZJWTNuGEX90nB3ee2w\r\n"
-"PXJEFWKoD3K3aFcSLdHYr3mLGxP7H9ThQai9VsycxZKS5kwvBKQ//YMrmFfwPk8x\r\n"
-"vTeY4KZMaUrveEel5tWZC94RSMKgxR6cyE1nBXyTQnDOGbfpNNgBKxyKbINWoOJU\r\n"
-"WJZAwlsQn+QzCDwpri7+sV1mS3gBE6UY7aQmnmiiaC2V3Hbphxct/en5QsfDOt1X\r\n"
-"JczSfpRWLlbPznZg8OQh/VgCMA58N5DjOzTIK7sJJ5r+94ZBTCpgAMbF588f0NTR\r\n"
-"KCe4yrxGJR7X02M4nvD4IwOlpsQ8xQxZtOSgXv4LkxvdU9XJJKWZ/XNKJeWztxSe\r\n"
-"Z1vdTc2YfsDBA2SEv33vxHx2g1vqtw8SjDRT2RaQSS0QuSaMJimdOX6mTOCBKk1J\r\n"
-"9Q5mXTrER+/LnK0jEmXsBXWA5bqqVZIyahXSx4VYZ7l7w/PHiUDtDgyRhMMKi4n2\r\n"
-"iQvQcWSQTjrpnlJbca1/DkpRt3YwrvJwdqb8asZU2VrNETh5x0QVefDRLFiVpif/\r\n"
-"tUaeAe/P1F8OkS7OIZDs1SUbv/sD2vMbhNkUoCms3/PvNtdnvgL4F0zhaDpKCmlT\r\n"
-"P8vx49E7v5CyRNmED9zZg4o3wmMqrQO93PtTug3Eu9oVx1zPQM1NVMyBa2+f29DL\r\n"
-"1nuTCeXdo9+ni45xx+jAI4DCwrRdhJ9uzZyC6962H37H6D+5naNvClFR1s6li1Gb\r\n"
-"nqPoiy/OBsEx9CaDGcqQBp5Wme/3XW+6z1ISOx+igwNTVCT14mHdBMbya0eIKft5\r\n"
-"X+GnwtgEMyCYyyWuUct8g4RzErcY9+yW9Om5Hzpx4zOuW4NPZgPDTgK+t2RSL/Yq\r\n"
-"rE1njrgeGYcVeG3f+OftH4s6fPbq7t1A5ZgUscbLMBqr9tK+OqygR4EgKBPsH6Cz\r\n"
-"L6zlv/2RV0qAHvVuDJcIDIgwY5rJtINEm32rhOeFNJwZS5MNIC1czXZx5//ugX7l\r\n"
-"I4sy5nbVhwSjtAk8Xg5dZbdTZ6mIrb7xqH+fdakZor1khG7bC2uIwibD3cSl2XkR\r\n"
-"wN48lslbHnqqagr6Xm1nNOSVl8C/6kbJEsMpLhAezfRtGwvOucoaE+WbeUNolGde\r\n"
-"P/eQiddSf0brnpiLJRh7qZrl9XuqYdpUqnoEdMAfotDOID8OtV7gt8a48ad8VPW2\r\n"
-"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa );
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/server5.crt.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_DER                                                   \
+    { 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x1f, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0xa5, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+      0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x09, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, \
+      0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+      0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+      0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+      0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, \
+      0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, \
+      0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, \
+      0x31, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35, 0x32, 0x30, 0x34, \
+      0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x32, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35, \
+      0x32, 0x30, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x34, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+      0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+      0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+      0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, \
+      0x09, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x30, 0x59, \
+      0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06, \
+      0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0x03, 0x42, 0x00, \
+      0x04, 0x37, 0xcc, 0x56, 0xd9, 0x76, 0x09, 0x1e, 0x5a, 0x72, 0x3e, 0xc7, \
+      0x59, 0x2d, 0xff, 0x20, 0x6e, 0xee, 0x7c, 0xf9, 0x06, 0x91, 0x74, 0xd0, \
+      0xad, 0x14, 0xb5, 0xf7, 0x68, 0x22, 0x59, 0x62, 0x92, 0x4e, 0xe5, 0x00, \
+      0xd8, 0x23, 0x11, 0xff, 0xea, 0x2f, 0xd2, 0x34, 0x5d, 0x5d, 0x16, 0xbd, \
+      0x8a, 0x88, 0xc2, 0x6b, 0x77, 0x0d, 0x55, 0xcd, 0x8a, 0x2a, 0x0e, 0xfa, \
+      0x01, 0xc8, 0xb4, 0xed, 0xff, 0xa3, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x81, 0x9a, 0x30, \
+      0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d, \
+      0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x50, 0x61, 0xa5, \
+      0x8f, 0xd4, 0x07, 0xd9, 0xd7, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0c, 0xe5, 0x65, 0x7f, 0x8c, \
+      0x63, 0x46, 0xa7, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x30, 0x6e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, \
+      0x04, 0x67, 0x30, 0x65, 0x80, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x24, 0x49, 0x01, \
+      0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24, 0xc9, 0xdb, 0xfb, \
+      0x36, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0xa4, 0x40, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, \
+      0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, \
+      0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, \
+      0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, \
+      0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, \
+      0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x82, 0x09, \
+      0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, \
+      0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x03, 0x68, 0x00, \
+      0x30, 0x65, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0x9a, 0x2c, 0x5c, 0xd7, 0xa6, 0xdb, 0xa2, \
+      0xe5, 0x64, 0x0d, 0xf0, 0xb9, 0x4e, 0xdd, 0xd7, 0x61, 0xd6, 0x13, 0x31, \
+      0xc7, 0xab, 0x73, 0x80, 0xbb, 0xd3, 0xd3, 0x73, 0x13, 0x54, 0xad, 0x92, \
+      0x0b, 0x5d, 0xab, 0xd0, 0xbc, 0xf7, 0xae, 0x2f, 0xe6, 0xa1, 0x21, 0x29, \
+      0x35, 0x95, 0xaa, 0x3e, 0x39, 0x02, 0x30, 0x21, 0x36, 0x7f, 0x9d, 0xc6, \
+      0x5d, 0xc6, 0x0b, 0xab, 0x27, 0xf2, 0x25, 0x1d, 0x3b, 0xf1, 0xcf, 0xf1, \
+      0x35, 0x25, 0x14, 0xe7, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x97, 0xb5, 0x59, 0xe3, 0x5e, 0x15, \
+      0x7c, 0x66, 0xb9, 0x90, 0x7b, 0xc7, 0x01, 0x10, 0x4f, 0x73, 0xc6, 0x00, \
+      0x21, 0x52, 0x2a, 0x0e, 0xf1, 0xc7, 0xd5 }
 
-const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[] = "PolarSSLTest";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server5.key. */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_PEM                     \
+    "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                \
+"MHcCAQEEIPEqEyB2AnCoPL/9U/YDHvdqXYbIogTywwyp6/UfDw6noAoGCCqGSM49\r\n"  \
+"AwEHoUQDQgAEN8xW2XYJHlpyPsdZLf8gbu58+QaRdNCtFLX3aCJZYpJO5QDYIxH/\r\n"  \
+"6i/SNF1dFr2KiMJrdw1VzYoqDvoByLTt/w==\r\n"                              \
+"-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
 
-const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAwU2j3efNHdEE10lyuJmsDnjkOjxKzzoTFtBa5M2jAIin7h5r\r\n"
-"lqdStJDvLXJ6PiSa/LY0rCT1d+AmZIycsCh9odrqjObJHJa8/sEEUrM21KP64bF2\r\n"
-"2JDBYbRmUjaiJlOqq3ReB30Zgtsq2B+g2Q0cLUlm91slc0boC4pPaQy1AJDh2oIQ\r\n"
-"Zn2uVCuLZXmRoeJhw81ASQjuaAzxi4bSRr/QuKoRAx5/VqgaHkQYDw+Fi9qLRF7i\r\n"
-"GMZiL8dmjfpd2H3zJ4kpAcWQDj8n8TDISg7v1t7HxydrxwU9esQCPJodPg/oNJhb\r\n"
-"y3NLUpbYEaIsgIhpOVrTD7DeWS8Rx/fqEgEwlwIDAQABAoIBAQCXR0S8EIHFGORZ\r\n"
-"++AtOg6eENxD+xVs0f1IeGz57Tjo3QnXX7VBZNdj+p1ECvhCE/G7XnkgU5hLZX+G\r\n"
-"Z0jkz/tqJOI0vRSdLBbipHnWouyBQ4e/A1yIJdlBtqXxJ1KE/ituHRbNc4j4kL8Z\r\n"
-"/r6pvwnTI0PSx2Eqs048YdS92LT6qAv4flbNDxMn2uY7s4ycS4Q8w1JXnCeaAnYm\r\n"
-"WYI5wxO+bvRELR2Mcz5DmVnL8jRyml6l6582bSv5oufReFIbyPZbQWlXgYnpu6He\r\n"
-"GTc7E1zKYQGG/9+DQUl/1vQuCPqQwny0tQoX2w5tdYpdMdVm+zkLtbajzdTviJJa\r\n"
-"TWzL6lt5AoGBAN86+SVeJDcmQJcv4Eq6UhtRr4QGMiQMz0Sod6ettYxYzMgxtw28\r\n"
-"CIrgpozCc+UaZJLo7UxvC6an85r1b2nKPCLQFaggJ0H4Q0J/sZOhBIXaoBzWxveK\r\n"
-"nupceKdVxGsFi8CDy86DBfiyFivfBj+47BbaQzPBj7C4rK7UlLjab2rDAoGBAN2u\r\n"
-"AM2gchoFiu4v1HFL8D7lweEpi6ZnMJjnEu/dEgGQJFjwdpLnPbsj4c75odQ4Gz8g\r\n"
-"sw9lao9VVzbusoRE/JGI4aTdO0pATXyG7eG1Qu+5Yc1YGXcCrliA2xM9xx+d7f+s\r\n"
-"mPzN+WIEg5GJDYZDjAzHG5BNvi/FfM1C9dOtjv2dAoGAF0t5KmwbjWHBhcVqO4Ic\r\n"
-"BVvN3BIlc1ue2YRXEDlxY5b0r8N4XceMgKmW18OHApZxfl8uPDauWZLXOgl4uepv\r\n"
-"whZC3EuWrSyyICNhLY21Ah7hbIEBPF3L3ZsOwC+UErL+dXWLdB56Jgy3gZaBeW7b\r\n"
-"vDrEnocJbqCm7IukhXHOBK8CgYEAwqdHB0hqyNSzIOGY7v9abzB6pUdA3BZiQvEs\r\n"
-"3LjHVd4HPJ2x0N8CgrBIWOE0q8+0hSMmeE96WW/7jD3fPWwCR5zlXknxBQsfv0gP\r\n"
-"3BC5PR0Qdypz+d+9zfMf625kyit4T/hzwhDveZUzHnk1Cf+IG7Q+TOEnLnWAWBED\r\n"
-"ISOWmrUCgYAFEmRxgwAc/u+D6t0syCwAYh6POtscq9Y0i9GyWk89NzgC4NdwwbBH\r\n"
-"4AgahOxIxXx2gxJnq3yfkJfIjwf0s2DyP0kY2y6Ua1OeomPeY9mrIS4tCuDQ6LrE\r\n"
-"TB6l9VGoxJL4fyHnZb8L5gGvnB1bbD8cL6YPaDiOhcRseC9vBiEuVg==\r\n"
-"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa );
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/server5.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_DER                             \
+ {  0x30, 0x77, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x20, 0xf1, 0x2a, 0x13, 0x20, 0x76, \
+    0x02, 0x70, 0xa8, 0x3c, 0xbf, 0xfd, 0x53, 0xf6, 0x03, 0x1e, 0xf7, 0x6a, \
+    0x5d, 0x86, 0xc8, 0xa2, 0x04, 0xf2, 0xc3, 0x0c, 0xa9, 0xeb, 0xf5, 0x1f, \
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0xa7, 0xa0, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, \
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0xa1, 0x44, 0x03, 0x42, 0x00, 0x04, 0x37, 0xcc, 0x56, \
+    0xd9, 0x76, 0x09, 0x1e, 0x5a, 0x72, 0x3e, 0xc7, 0x59, 0x2d, 0xff, 0x20, \
+    0x6e, 0xee, 0x7c, 0xf9, 0x06, 0x91, 0x74, 0xd0, 0xad, 0x14, 0xb5, 0xf7, \
+    0x68, 0x22, 0x59, 0x62, 0x92, 0x4e, 0xe5, 0x00, 0xd8, 0x23, 0x11, 0xff, \
+    0xea, 0x2f, 0xd2, 0x34, 0x5d, 0x5d, 0x16, 0xbd, 0x8a, 0x88, 0xc2, 0x6b, \
+    0x77, 0x0d, 0x55, 0xcd, 0x8a, 0x2a, 0x0e, 0xfa, 0x01, 0xc8, 0xb4, 0xed, \
+    0xff }
 
-/* tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt */
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
-"MIIDPzCCAiegAwIBAgIBBDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n"
-"MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n"
-"MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA8MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n"
-"A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGjAYBgNVBAMMEVBvbGFyU1NMIENsaWVudCAyMIIBIjAN\r\n"
-"BgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6f\r\n"
-"M60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaFB9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu\r\n"
-"1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEw\r\n"
-"MjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v\r\n"
-"4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx/\r\n"
-"/DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+vdqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQAB\r\n"
-"o00wSzAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRxoQBzckAvVHZeM/xSj7zx3WtGITAf\r\n"
-"BgNVHSMEGDAWgBS0WuSls97SUva51aaVD+s+vMf9/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOC\r\n"
-"AQEAlHabem2Tu69VUN7EipwnQn1dIHdgvT5i+iQHpSxY1crPnBbAeSdAXwsVEqLQ\r\n"
-"gOOIAQD5VIITNuoGgo4i+4OpNh9u7ZkpRHla+/swsfrFWRRbBNP5Bcu74AGLstwU\r\n"
-"zM8gIkBiyfM1Q1qDQISV9trlCG6O8vh8dp/rbI3rfzo99BOHXgFCrzXjCuW4vDsF\r\n"
-"r+Dao26bX3sJ6UnEWg1H3o2x6PpUcvQ36h71/bz4TEbbUUEpe02V4QWuL+wrhHJL\r\n"
-"U7o3SVE3Og7jPF8sat0a50YUWhwEFI256m02KAXLg89ueUyYKEr6rNwhcvXJpvU9\r\n"
-"giIVvd0Sbjjnn7NC4VDbcXV8vw==\r\n"
-"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa );
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt. */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM                                     \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n" \
+    "AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n" \
+    "owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n" \
+    "NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n" \
+    "tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n" \
+    "hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n" \
+    "HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n" \
+    "VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n" \
+    "FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAGGEshT5\r\n" \
+    "kvnRmLVScVeUEdwIrvW7ezbGbUvJ8VxeJ79/HSjlLiGbMc4uUathwtzEdi9R/4C5\r\n" \
+    "DXBNeEPTkbB+fhG1W06iHYj/Dp8+aaG7fuDxKVKHVZSqBnmQLn73ymyclZNHii5A\r\n" \
+    "3nTS8WUaHAzxN/rajOtoM7aH1P9tULpHrl+7HOeLMpxUnwI12ZqZaLIzxbcdJVcr\r\n" \
+    "ra2F00aXCGkYVLvyvbZIq7LC+yVysej5gCeQYD7VFOEks0jhFjrS06gP0/XnWv6v\r\n" \
+    "eBoPez9d+CCjkrhseiWzXOiriIMICX48EloO/DrsMRAtvlwq7EDz4QhILz6ffndm\r\n" \
+    "e4K1cVANRPN2o9Y=\r\n"                                              \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
 
-/* tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key */
-const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[] =
-"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
-"MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6fM60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaF\r\n"
-"B9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1\r\n"
-"bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEwMjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9\r\n"
-"Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH\r\n"
-"7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx//DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+v\r\n"
-"dqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQABAoIBAGdNtfYDiap6bzst\r\n"
-"yhCiI8m9TtrhZw4MisaEaN/ll3XSjaOG2dvV6xMZCMV+5TeXDHOAZnY18Yi18vzz\r\n"
-"4Ut2TnNFzizCECYNaA2fST3WgInnxUkV3YXAyP6CNxJaCmv2aA0yFr2kFVSeaKGt\r\n"
-"ymvljNp2NVkvm7Th8fBQBO7I7AXhz43k0mR7XmPgewe8ApZOG3hstkOaMvbWAvWA\r\n"
-"zCZupdDjZYjOJqlA4eEA4H8/w7F83r5CugeBE8LgEREjLPiyejrU5H1fubEY+h0d\r\n"
-"l5HZBJ68ybTXfQ5U9o/QKA3dd0toBEhhdRUDGzWtjvwkEQfqF1reGWj/tod/gCpf\r\n"
-"DFi6X0ECgYEA4wOv/pjSC3ty6TuOvKX2rOUiBrLXXv2JSxZnMoMiWI5ipLQt+RYT\r\n"
-"VPafL/m7Dn6MbwjayOkcZhBwk5CNz5A6Q4lJ64Mq/lqHznRCQQ2Mc1G8eyDF/fYL\r\n"
-"Ze2pLvwP9VD5jTc2miDfw+MnvJhywRRLcemDFP8k4hQVtm8PMp3ZmNECgYEA4gz7\r\n"
-"wzObR4gn8ibe617uQPZjWzUj9dUHYd+in1gwBCIrtNnaRn9I9U/Q6tegRYpii4ys\r\n"
-"c176NmU+umy6XmuSKV5qD9bSpZWG2nLFnslrN15Lm3fhZxoeMNhBaEDTnLT26yoi\r\n"
-"33gp0mSSWy94ZEqipms+ULF6sY1ZtFW6tpGFoy8CgYAQHhnnvJflIs2ky4q10B60\r\n"
-"ZcxFp3rtDpkp0JxhFLhiizFrujMtZSjYNm5U7KkgPVHhLELEUvCmOnKTt4ap/vZ0\r\n"
-"BxJNe1GZH3pW6SAvGDQpl9sG7uu/vTFP+lCxukmzxB0DrrDcvorEkKMom7ZCCRvW\r\n"
-"KZsZ6YeH2Z81BauRj218kQKBgQCUV/DgKP2985xDTT79N08jUo3hTP5MVYCCuj/+\r\n"
-"UeEw1TvZcx3LJby7P6Xad6a1/BqveaGyFKIfEFIaBUBItk801sDDpDaYc4gL00Xc\r\n"
-"7lFuBHOZkxJYlss5QrGpuOEl9ZwUt5IrFLBdYaKqNHzNVC1pCPfb/JyH6Dr2HUxq\r\n"
-"gxUwAQKBgQCcU6G2L8AG9d9c0UpOyL1tMvFe5Ttw0KjlQVdsh1MP6yigYo9DYuwu\r\n"
-"bHFVW2r0dBTqegP2/KTOxKzaHfC1qf0RGDsUoJCNJrd1cwoCLG8P2EF4w3OBrKqv\r\n"
-"8u4ytY0F+Vlanj5lm3TaoHSVF1+NWPyOTiwevIECGKwSxvlki4fDAA==\r\n"
-"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa );
-#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2-sha256.crt.der. */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER             \
+ {  0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x37, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, \
+    0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, \
+    0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x36, \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, \
+    0x34, 0x30, 0x36, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x34, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, \
+    0x09, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x30, 0x82, \
+    0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, \
+    0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, \
+    0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0xdd, 0xe7, \
+    0xcd, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x49, 0x72, 0xb8, 0x99, 0xac, 0x0e, 0x78, \
+    0xe4, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0x13, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xcd, \
+    0xa3, 0x00, 0x88, 0xa7, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x6b, 0x96, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x90, \
+    0xef, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0x24, 0x9a, 0xfc, 0xb6, 0x34, 0xac, 0x24, \
+    0xf5, 0x77, 0xe0, 0x26, 0x64, 0x8c, 0x9c, 0xb0, 0x28, 0x7d, 0xa1, 0xda, \
+    0xea, 0x8c, 0xe6, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x96, 0xbc, 0xfe, 0xc1, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb3, \
+    0x36, 0xd4, 0xa3, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xb1, 0x76, 0xd8, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x61, 0xb4, \
+    0x66, 0x52, 0x36, 0xa2, 0x26, 0x53, 0xaa, 0xab, 0x74, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x7d, \
+    0x19, 0x82, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0xd8, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xd9, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0x49, \
+    0x66, 0xf7, 0x5b, 0x25, 0x73, 0x46, 0xe8, 0x0b, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x0c, \
+    0xb5, 0x00, 0x90, 0xe1, 0xda, 0x82, 0x10, 0x66, 0x7d, 0xae, 0x54, 0x2b, \
+    0x8b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x91, 0xa1, 0xe2, 0x61, 0xc3, 0xcd, 0x40, 0x49, 0x08, \
+    0xee, 0x68, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xd2, 0x46, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0xb8, 0xaa, \
+    0x11, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x44, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f, \
+    0x85, 0x8b, 0xda, 0x8b, 0x44, 0x5e, 0xe2, 0x18, 0xc6, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xc7, \
+    0x66, 0x8d, 0xfa, 0x5d, 0xd8, 0x7d, 0xf3, 0x27, 0x89, 0x29, 0x01, 0xc5, \
+    0x90, 0x0e, 0x3f, 0x27, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x4a, 0x0e, 0xef, 0xd6, 0xde, \
+    0xc7, 0xc7, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xc7, 0x05, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xc4, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9a, \
+    0x1d, 0x3e, 0x0f, 0xe8, 0x34, 0x98, 0x5b, 0xcb, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x52, 0x96, \
+    0xd8, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x2c, 0x80, 0x88, 0x69, 0x39, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0x0f, 0xb0, \
+    0xde, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x11, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0xea, 0x12, 0x01, 0x30, 0x97, 0x02, \
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0x30, 0x4b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+    0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+    0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xa5, 0x05, 0xe8, 0x64, 0xb8, 0xdc, \
+    0xdf, 0x60, 0x0f, 0x50, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x60, 0xa8, 0x64, 0xaf, 0x4d, 0x8b, \
+    0x43, 0x93, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, \
+    0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, \
+    0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, \
+    0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, \
+    0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x61, 0x84, 0xb2, 0x14, 0xf9, \
+    0x92, 0xf9, 0xd1, 0x98, 0xb5, 0x52, 0x71, 0x57, 0x94, 0x11, 0xdc, 0x08, \
+    0xae, 0xf5, 0xbb, 0x7b, 0x36, 0xc6, 0x6d, 0x4b, 0xc9, 0xf1, 0x5c, 0x5e, \
+    0x27, 0xbf, 0x7f, 0x1d, 0x28, 0xe5, 0x2e, 0x21, 0x9b, 0x31, 0xce, 0x2e, \
+    0x51, 0xab, 0x61, 0xc2, 0xdc, 0xc4, 0x76, 0x2f, 0x51, 0xff, 0x80, 0xb9, \
+    0x0d, 0x70, 0x4d, 0x78, 0x43, 0xd3, 0x91, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x11, 0xb5, \
+    0x5b, 0x4e, 0xa2, 0x1d, 0x88, 0xff, 0x0e, 0x9f, 0x3e, 0x69, 0xa1, 0xbb, \
+    0x7e, 0xe0, 0xf1, 0x29, 0x52, 0x87, 0x55, 0x94, 0xaa, 0x06, 0x79, 0x90, \
+    0x2e, 0x7e, 0xf7, 0xca, 0x6c, 0x9c, 0x95, 0x93, 0x47, 0x8a, 0x2e, 0x40, \
+    0xde, 0x74, 0xd2, 0xf1, 0x65, 0x1a, 0x1c, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x37, 0xfa, 0xda, \
+    0x8c, 0xeb, 0x68, 0x33, 0xb6, 0x87, 0xd4, 0xff, 0x6d, 0x50, 0xba, 0x47, \
+    0xae, 0x5f, 0xbb, 0x1c, 0xe7, 0x8b, 0x32, 0x9c, 0x54, 0x9f, 0x02, 0x35, \
+    0xd9, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x68, 0xb2, 0x33, 0xc5, 0xb7, 0x1d, 0x25, 0x57, 0x2b, \
+    0xad, 0xad, 0x85, 0xd3, 0x46, 0x97, 0x08, 0x69, 0x18, 0x54, 0xbb, 0xf2, \
+    0xbd, 0xb6, 0x48, 0xab, 0xb2, 0xc2, 0xfb, 0x25, 0x72, 0xb1, 0xe8, 0xf9, \
+    0x80, 0x27, 0x90, 0x60, 0x3e, 0xd5, 0x14, 0xe1, 0x24, 0xb3, 0x48, 0xe1, \
+    0x16, 0x3a, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xa8, 0x0f, 0xd3, 0xf5, 0xe7, 0x5a, 0xfe, 0xaf, \
+    0x78, 0x1a, 0x0f, 0x7b, 0x3f, 0x5d, 0xf8, 0x20, 0xa3, 0x92, 0xb8, 0x6c, \
+    0x7a, 0x25, 0xb3, 0x5c, 0xe8, 0xab, 0x88, 0x83, 0x08, 0x09, 0x7e, 0x3c, \
+    0x12, 0x5a, 0x0e, 0xfc, 0x3a, 0xec, 0x31, 0x10, 0x2d, 0xbe, 0x5c, 0x2a, \
+    0xec, 0x40, 0xf3, 0xe1, 0x08, 0x48, 0x2f, 0x3e, 0x9f, 0x7e, 0x77, 0x66, \
+    0x7b, 0x82, 0xb5, 0x71, 0x50, 0x0d, 0x44, 0xf3, 0x76, 0xa3, 0xd6 }
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2.crt. */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM                                       \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MIIDNzCCAh+gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxEjAQBgNVBAMMCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN\r\n" \
+    "AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMFNo93nzR3RBNdJcriZrA545Do8Ss86ExbQWuTN\r\n" \
+    "owCIp+4ea5anUrSQ7y1yej4kmvy2NKwk9XfgJmSMnLAofaHa6ozmyRyWvP7BBFKz\r\n" \
+    "NtSj+uGxdtiQwWG0ZlI2oiZTqqt0Xgd9GYLbKtgfoNkNHC1JZvdbJXNG6AuKT2kM\r\n" \
+    "tQCQ4dqCEGZ9rlQri2V5kaHiYcPNQEkI7mgM8YuG0ka/0LiqEQMef1aoGh5EGA8P\r\n" \
+    "hYvai0Re4hjGYi/HZo36Xdh98yeJKQHFkA4/J/EwyEoO79bex8cna8cFPXrEAjya\r\n" \
+    "HT4P6DSYW8tzS1KW2BGiLICIaTla0w+w3lkvEcf36hIBMJcCAwEAAaNNMEswCQYD\r\n" \
+    "VR0TBAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUpQXoZLjc32APUBJNYKhkr02LQ5MwHwYDVR0jBBgw\r\n" \
+    "FoAUtFrkpbPe0lL2udWmlQ/rPrzH/f8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAFzC0rF\r\n" \
+    "y6De8WMcdgQrEw3AhBHFjzqnxZw1ene4IBSC7lTw8rBSy3jOWQdPUWn+0y/pCeeF\r\n" \
+    "kti6sevFdl1hLemGtd4q+T9TKEKGg3ND4ARfB5AUZZ9uEHq8WBkiwus5clGS17Qd\r\n" \
+    "dS/TOisB59tQruLx1E1bPLtBKyqk4koC5WAULJwfpswGSyWJTpYwIpxcWE3D2tBu\r\n" \
+    "UB6MZfXZFzWmWEOyKbeoXjXe8GBCGgHLywvYDsGQ36HSGtEsAvR2QaTLSxWYcfk1\r\n" \
+    "fbDn4jSWkb4yZy1r01UEigFQtONieGwRFaUqEcFJHJvEEGVgh9keaVlOj2vrwf5r\r\n" \
+    "4mN4lW7gLdenN6g=\r\n"                                              \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2.crt.der. */
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER               \
+ {  0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x37, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, \
+    0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, \
+    0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x36, \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, \
+    0x34, 0x30, 0x36, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x34, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, \
+    0x09, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x30, 0x82, \
+    0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, \
+    0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, \
+    0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0xdd, 0xe7, \
+    0xcd, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x49, 0x72, 0xb8, 0x99, 0xac, 0x0e, 0x78, \
+    0xe4, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0x13, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xcd, \
+    0xa3, 0x00, 0x88, 0xa7, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x6b, 0x96, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x90, \
+    0xef, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0x24, 0x9a, 0xfc, 0xb6, 0x34, 0xac, 0x24, \
+    0xf5, 0x77, 0xe0, 0x26, 0x64, 0x8c, 0x9c, 0xb0, 0x28, 0x7d, 0xa1, 0xda, \
+    0xea, 0x8c, 0xe6, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x96, 0xbc, 0xfe, 0xc1, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb3, \
+    0x36, 0xd4, 0xa3, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xb1, 0x76, 0xd8, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x61, 0xb4, \
+    0x66, 0x52, 0x36, 0xa2, 0x26, 0x53, 0xaa, 0xab, 0x74, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x7d, \
+    0x19, 0x82, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0xd8, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xd9, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0x49, \
+    0x66, 0xf7, 0x5b, 0x25, 0x73, 0x46, 0xe8, 0x0b, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x0c, \
+    0xb5, 0x00, 0x90, 0xe1, 0xda, 0x82, 0x10, 0x66, 0x7d, 0xae, 0x54, 0x2b, \
+    0x8b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x91, 0xa1, 0xe2, 0x61, 0xc3, 0xcd, 0x40, 0x49, 0x08, \
+    0xee, 0x68, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xd2, 0x46, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0xb8, 0xaa, \
+    0x11, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x1a, 0x1e, 0x44, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f, \
+    0x85, 0x8b, 0xda, 0x8b, 0x44, 0x5e, 0xe2, 0x18, 0xc6, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xc7, \
+    0x66, 0x8d, 0xfa, 0x5d, 0xd8, 0x7d, 0xf3, 0x27, 0x89, 0x29, 0x01, 0xc5, \
+    0x90, 0x0e, 0x3f, 0x27, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x4a, 0x0e, 0xef, 0xd6, 0xde, \
+    0xc7, 0xc7, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xc7, 0x05, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xc4, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9a, \
+    0x1d, 0x3e, 0x0f, 0xe8, 0x34, 0x98, 0x5b, 0xcb, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x52, 0x96, \
+    0xd8, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x2c, 0x80, 0x88, 0x69, 0x39, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0x0f, 0xb0, \
+    0xde, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x11, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0xea, 0x12, 0x01, 0x30, 0x97, 0x02, \
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0x30, 0x4b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+    0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+    0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xa5, 0x05, 0xe8, 0x64, 0xb8, 0xdc, \
+    0xdf, 0x60, 0x0f, 0x50, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x60, 0xa8, 0x64, 0xaf, 0x4d, 0x8b, \
+    0x43, 0x93, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, \
+    0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, \
+    0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, \
+    0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, \
+    0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x73, 0x0b, 0x4a, 0xc5, \
+    0xcb, 0xa0, 0xde, 0xf1, 0x63, 0x1c, 0x76, 0x04, 0x2b, 0x13, 0x0d, 0xc0, \
+    0x84, 0x11, 0xc5, 0x8f, 0x3a, 0xa7, 0xc5, 0x9c, 0x35, 0x7a, 0x77, 0xb8, \
+    0x20, 0x14, 0x82, 0xee, 0x54, 0xf0, 0xf2, 0xb0, 0x52, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xce, \
+    0x59, 0x07, 0x4f, 0x51, 0x69, 0xfe, 0xd3, 0x2f, 0xe9, 0x09, 0xe7, 0x85, \
+    0x92, 0xd8, 0xba, 0xb1, 0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0x5d, 0x61, 0x2d, 0xe9, 0x86, \
+    0xb5, 0xde, 0x2a, 0xf9, 0x3f, 0x53, 0x28, 0x42, 0x86, 0x83, 0x73, 0x43, \
+    0xe0, 0x04, 0x5f, 0x07, 0x90, 0x14, 0x65, 0x9f, 0x6e, 0x10, 0x7a, 0xbc, \
+    0x58, 0x19, 0x22, 0xc2, 0xeb, 0x39, 0x72, 0x51, 0x92, 0xd7, 0xb4, 0x1d, \
+    0x75, 0x2f, 0xd3, 0x3a, 0x2b, 0x01, 0xe7, 0xdb, 0x50, 0xae, 0xe2, 0xf1, \
+    0xd4, 0x4d, 0x5b, 0x3c, 0xbb, 0x41, 0x2b, 0x2a, 0xa4, 0xe2, 0x4a, 0x02, \
+    0xe5, 0x60, 0x14, 0x2c, 0x9c, 0x1f, 0xa6, 0xcc, 0x06, 0x4b, 0x25, 0x89, \
+    0x4e, 0x96, 0x30, 0x22, 0x9c, 0x5c, 0x58, 0x4d, 0xc3, 0xda, 0xd0, 0x6e, \
+    0x50, 0x1e, 0x8c, 0x65, 0xf5, 0xd9, 0x17, 0x35, 0xa6, 0x58, 0x43, 0xb2, \
+    0x29, 0xb7, 0xa8, 0x5e, 0x35, 0xde, 0xf0, 0x60, 0x42, 0x1a, 0x01, 0xcb, \
+    0xcb, 0x0b, 0xd8, 0x0e, 0xc1, 0x90, 0xdf, 0xa1, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xd1, 0x2c, \
+    0x02, 0xf4, 0x76, 0x41, 0xa4, 0xcb, 0x4b, 0x15, 0x98, 0x71, 0xf9, 0x35, \
+    0x7d, 0xb0, 0xe7, 0xe2, 0x34, 0x96, 0x91, 0xbe, 0x32, 0x67, 0x2d, 0x6b, \
+    0xd3, 0x55, 0x04, 0x8a, 0x01, 0x50, 0xb4, 0xe3, 0x62, 0x78, 0x6c, 0x11, \
+    0x15, 0xa5, 0x2a, 0x11, 0xc1, 0x49, 0x1c, 0x9b, 0xc4, 0x10, 0x65, 0x60, \
+    0x87, 0xd9, 0x1e, 0x69, 0x59, 0x4e, 0x8f, 0x6b, 0xeb, 0xc1, 0xfe, 0x6b, \
+    0xe2, 0x63, 0x78, 0x95, 0x6e, 0xe0, 0x2d, 0xd7, 0xa7, 0x37, 0xa8 }
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/server2.key. */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_PEM                                               \
+    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                  \
+    "MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAwU2j3efNHdEE10lyuJmsDnjkOjxKzzoTFtBa5M2jAIin7h5r\r\n" \
+    "lqdStJDvLXJ6PiSa/LY0rCT1d+AmZIycsCh9odrqjObJHJa8/sEEUrM21KP64bF2\r\n" \
+    "2JDBYbRmUjaiJlOqq3ReB30Zgtsq2B+g2Q0cLUlm91slc0boC4pPaQy1AJDh2oIQ\r\n" \
+    "Zn2uVCuLZXmRoeJhw81ASQjuaAzxi4bSRr/QuKoRAx5/VqgaHkQYDw+Fi9qLRF7i\r\n" \
+    "GMZiL8dmjfpd2H3zJ4kpAcWQDj8n8TDISg7v1t7HxydrxwU9esQCPJodPg/oNJhb\r\n" \
+    "y3NLUpbYEaIsgIhpOVrTD7DeWS8Rx/fqEgEwlwIDAQABAoIBAQCXR0S8EIHFGORZ\r\n" \
+    "++AtOg6eENxD+xVs0f1IeGz57Tjo3QnXX7VBZNdj+p1ECvhCE/G7XnkgU5hLZX+G\r\n" \
+    "Z0jkz/tqJOI0vRSdLBbipHnWouyBQ4e/A1yIJdlBtqXxJ1KE/ituHRbNc4j4kL8Z\r\n" \
+    "/r6pvwnTI0PSx2Eqs048YdS92LT6qAv4flbNDxMn2uY7s4ycS4Q8w1JXnCeaAnYm\r\n" \
+    "WYI5wxO+bvRELR2Mcz5DmVnL8jRyml6l6582bSv5oufReFIbyPZbQWlXgYnpu6He\r\n" \
+    "GTc7E1zKYQGG/9+DQUl/1vQuCPqQwny0tQoX2w5tdYpdMdVm+zkLtbajzdTviJJa\r\n" \
+    "TWzL6lt5AoGBAN86+SVeJDcmQJcv4Eq6UhtRr4QGMiQMz0Sod6ettYxYzMgxtw28\r\n" \
+    "CIrgpozCc+UaZJLo7UxvC6an85r1b2nKPCLQFaggJ0H4Q0J/sZOhBIXaoBzWxveK\r\n" \
+    "nupceKdVxGsFi8CDy86DBfiyFivfBj+47BbaQzPBj7C4rK7UlLjab2rDAoGBAN2u\r\n" \
+    "AM2gchoFiu4v1HFL8D7lweEpi6ZnMJjnEu/dEgGQJFjwdpLnPbsj4c75odQ4Gz8g\r\n" \
+    "sw9lao9VVzbusoRE/JGI4aTdO0pATXyG7eG1Qu+5Yc1YGXcCrliA2xM9xx+d7f+s\r\n" \
+    "mPzN+WIEg5GJDYZDjAzHG5BNvi/FfM1C9dOtjv2dAoGAF0t5KmwbjWHBhcVqO4Ic\r\n" \
+    "BVvN3BIlc1ue2YRXEDlxY5b0r8N4XceMgKmW18OHApZxfl8uPDauWZLXOgl4uepv\r\n" \
+    "whZC3EuWrSyyICNhLY21Ah7hbIEBPF3L3ZsOwC+UErL+dXWLdB56Jgy3gZaBeW7b\r\n" \
+    "vDrEnocJbqCm7IukhXHOBK8CgYEAwqdHB0hqyNSzIOGY7v9abzB6pUdA3BZiQvEs\r\n" \
+    "3LjHVd4HPJ2x0N8CgrBIWOE0q8+0hSMmeE96WW/7jD3fPWwCR5zlXknxBQsfv0gP\r\n" \
+    "3BC5PR0Qdypz+d+9zfMf625kyit4T/hzwhDveZUzHnk1Cf+IG7Q+TOEnLnWAWBED\r\n" \
+    "ISOWmrUCgYAFEmRxgwAc/u+D6t0syCwAYh6POtscq9Y0i9GyWk89NzgC4NdwwbBH\r\n" \
+    "4AgahOxIxXx2gxJnq3yfkJfIjwf0s2DyP0kY2y6Ua1OeomPeY9mrIS4tCuDQ6LrE\r\n" \
+    "TB6l9VGoxJL4fyHnZb8L5gGvnB1bbD8cL6YPaDiOhcRseC9vBiEuVg==\r\n"         \
+    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+
+/* This was generated from tests/data_files/server2.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_DER                                                  \
+    { 0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, \
+      0xc1, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0xdd, 0xe7, 0xcd, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x04, 0xd7, 0x49, 0x72, \
+      0xb8, 0x99, 0xac, 0x0e, 0x78, 0xe4, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0x13, \
+      0x16, 0xd0, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0xcd, 0xa3, 0x00, 0x88, 0xa7, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x6b, \
+      0x96, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x90, 0xef, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0x24, 0x9a, \
+      0xfc, 0xb6, 0x34, 0xac, 0x24, 0xf5, 0x77, 0xe0, 0x26, 0x64, 0x8c, 0x9c, \
+      0xb0, 0x28, 0x7d, 0xa1, 0xda, 0xea, 0x8c, 0xe6, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x96, 0xbc, \
+      0xfe, 0xc1, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb3, 0x36, 0xd4, 0xa3, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xb1, 0x76, \
+      0xd8, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x61, 0xb4, 0x66, 0x52, 0x36, 0xa2, 0x26, 0x53, 0xaa, \
+      0xab, 0x74, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x7d, 0x19, 0x82, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0xd8, 0x1f, 0xa0, \
+      0xd9, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0x49, 0x66, 0xf7, 0x5b, 0x25, 0x73, 0x46, 0xe8, \
+      0x0b, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x0c, 0xb5, 0x00, 0x90, 0xe1, 0xda, 0x82, 0x10, \
+      0x66, 0x7d, 0xae, 0x54, 0x2b, 0x8b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x91, 0xa1, 0xe2, 0x61, \
+      0xc3, 0xcd, 0x40, 0x49, 0x08, 0xee, 0x68, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xd2, \
+      0x46, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0xb8, 0xaa, 0x11, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x1a, \
+      0x1e, 0x44, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x85, 0x8b, 0xda, 0x8b, 0x44, 0x5e, 0xe2, \
+      0x18, 0xc6, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xc7, 0x66, 0x8d, 0xfa, 0x5d, 0xd8, 0x7d, 0xf3, \
+      0x27, 0x89, 0x29, 0x01, 0xc5, 0x90, 0x0e, 0x3f, 0x27, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8, \
+      0x4a, 0x0e, 0xef, 0xd6, 0xde, 0xc7, 0xc7, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xc7, 0x05, 0x3d, \
+      0x7a, 0xc4, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9a, 0x1d, 0x3e, 0x0f, 0xe8, 0x34, 0x98, 0x5b, \
+      0xcb, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x52, 0x96, 0xd8, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x2c, 0x80, 0x88, 0x69, \
+      0x39, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0xde, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x11, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0xea, \
+      0x12, 0x01, 0x30, 0x97, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, \
+      0x01, 0x00, 0x97, 0x47, 0x44, 0xbc, 0x10, 0x81, 0xc5, 0x18, 0xe4, 0x59, \
+      0xfb, 0xe0, 0x2d, 0x3a, 0x0e, 0x9e, 0x10, 0xdc, 0x43, 0xfb, 0x15, 0x6c, \
+      0xd1, 0xfd, 0x48, 0x78, 0x6c, 0xf9, 0xed, 0x38, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x09, 0xd7, \
+      0x5f, 0xb5, 0x41, 0x64, 0xd7, 0x63, 0xfa, 0x9d, 0x44, 0x0a, 0xf8, 0x42, \
+      0x13, 0xf1, 0xbb, 0x5e, 0x79, 0x20, 0x53, 0x98, 0x4b, 0x65, 0x7f, 0x86, \
+      0x67, 0x48, 0xe4, 0xcf, 0xfb, 0x6a, 0x24, 0xe2, 0x34, 0xbd, 0x14, 0x9d, \
+      0x2c, 0x16, 0xe2, 0xa4, 0x79, 0xd6, 0xa2, 0xec, 0x81, 0x43, 0x87, 0xbf, \
+      0x03, 0x5c, 0x88, 0x25, 0xd9, 0x41, 0xb6, 0xa5, 0xf1, 0x27, 0x52, 0x84, \
+      0xfe, 0x2b, 0x6e, 0x1d, 0x16, 0xcd, 0x73, 0x88, 0xf8, 0x90, 0xbf, 0x19, \
+      0xfe, 0xbe, 0xa9, 0xbf, 0x09, 0xd3, 0x23, 0x43, 0xd2, 0xc7, 0x61, 0x2a, \
+      0xb3, 0x4e, 0x3c, 0x61, 0xd4, 0xbd, 0xd8, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0xa8, 0x0b, 0xf8, \
+      0x7e, 0x56, 0xcd, 0x0f, 0x13, 0x27, 0xda, 0xe6, 0x3b, 0xb3, 0x8c, 0x9c, \
+      0x4b, 0x84, 0x3c, 0xc3, 0x52, 0x57, 0x9c, 0x27, 0x9a, 0x02, 0x76, 0x26, \
+      0x59, 0x82, 0x39, 0xc3, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x6e, 0xf4, 0x44, 0x2d, 0x1d, 0x8c, \
+      0x73, 0x3e, 0x43, 0x99, 0x59, 0xcb, 0xf2, 0x34, 0x72, 0x9a, 0x5e, 0xa5, \
+      0xeb, 0x9f, 0x36, 0x6d, 0x2b, 0xf9, 0xa2, 0xe7, 0xd1, 0x78, 0x52, 0x1b, \
+      0xc8, 0xf6, 0x5b, 0x41, 0x69, 0x57, 0x81, 0x89, 0xe9, 0xbb, 0xa1, 0xde, \
+      0x19, 0x37, 0x3b, 0x13, 0x5c, 0xca, 0x61, 0x01, 0x86, 0xff, 0xdf, 0x83, \
+      0x41, 0x49, 0x7f, 0xd6, 0xf4, 0x2e, 0x08, 0xfa, 0x90, 0xc2, 0x7c, 0xb4, \
+      0xb5, 0x0a, 0x17, 0xdb, 0x0e, 0x6d, 0x75, 0x8a, 0x5d, 0x31, 0xd5, 0x66, \
+      0xfb, 0x39, 0x0b, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xa3, 0xcd, 0xd4, 0xef, 0x88, 0x92, 0x5a, \
+      0x4d, 0x6c, 0xcb, 0xea, 0x5b, 0x79, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xdf, 0x3a, \
+      0xf9, 0x25, 0x5e, 0x24, 0x37, 0x26, 0x40, 0x97, 0x2f, 0xe0, 0x4a, 0xba, \
+      0x52, 0x1b, 0x51, 0xaf, 0x84, 0x06, 0x32, 0x24, 0x0c, 0xcf, 0x44, 0xa8, \
+      0x77, 0xa7, 0xad, 0xb5, 0x8c, 0x58, 0xcc, 0xc8, 0x31, 0xb7, 0x0d, 0xbc, \
+      0x08, 0x8a, 0xe0, 0xa6, 0x8c, 0xc2, 0x73, 0xe5, 0x1a, 0x64, 0x92, 0xe8, \
+      0xed, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x0b, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xf3, 0x9a, 0xf5, 0x6f, 0x69, 0xca, \
+      0x3c, 0x22, 0xd0, 0x15, 0xa8, 0x20, 0x27, 0x41, 0xf8, 0x43, 0x42, 0x7f, \
+      0xb1, 0x93, 0xa1, 0x04, 0x85, 0xda, 0xa0, 0x1c, 0xd6, 0xc6, 0xf7, 0x8a, \
+      0x9e, 0xea, 0x5c, 0x78, 0xa7, 0x55, 0xc4, 0x6b, 0x05, 0x8b, 0xc0, 0x83, \
+      0xcb, 0xce, 0x83, 0x05, 0xf8, 0xb2, 0x16, 0x2b, 0xdf, 0x06, 0x3f, 0xb8, \
+      0xec, 0x16, 0xda, 0x43, 0x33, 0xc1, 0x8f, 0xb0, 0xb8, 0xac, 0xae, 0xd4, \
+      0x94, 0xb8, 0xda, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0xc3, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xdd, 0xae, \
+      0x00, 0xcd, 0xa0, 0x72, 0x1a, 0x05, 0x8a, 0xee, 0x2f, 0xd4, 0x71, 0x4b, \
+      0xf0, 0x3e, 0xe5, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x29, 0x8b, 0xa6, 0x67, 0x30, 0x98, 0xe7, \
+      0x12, 0xef, 0xdd, 0x12, 0x01, 0x90, 0x24, 0x58, 0xf0, 0x76, 0x92, 0xe7, \
+      0x3d, 0xbb, 0x23, 0xe1, 0xce, 0xf9, 0xa1, 0xd4, 0x38, 0x1b, 0x3f, 0x20, \
+      0xb3, 0x0f, 0x65, 0x6a, 0x8f, 0x55, 0x57, 0x36, 0xee, 0xb2, 0x84, 0x44, \
+      0xfc, 0x91, 0x88, 0xe1, 0xa4, 0xdd, 0x3b, 0x4a, 0x40, 0x4d, 0x7c, 0x86, \
+      0xed, 0xe1, 0xb5, 0x42, 0xef, 0xb9, 0x61, 0xcd, 0x58, 0x19, 0x77, 0x02, \
+      0xae, 0x58, 0x80, 0xdb, 0x13, 0x3d, 0xc7, 0x1f, 0x9d, 0xed, 0xff, 0xac, \
+      0x98, 0xfc, 0xcd, 0xf9, 0x62, 0x04, 0x83, 0x91, 0x89, 0x0d, 0x86, 0x43, \
+      0x8c, 0x0c, 0xc7, 0x1b, 0x90, 0x4d, 0xbe, 0x2f, 0xc5, 0x7c, 0xcd, 0x42, \
+      0xf5, 0xd3, 0xad, 0x8e, 0xfd, 0x9d, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x17, 0x4b, 0x79, \
+      0x2a, 0x6c, 0x1b, 0x8d, 0x61, 0xc1, 0x85, 0xc5, 0x6a, 0x3b, 0x82, 0x1c, \
+      0x05, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0xdc, 0x12, 0x25, 0x73, 0x5b, 0x9e, 0xd9, 0x84, 0x57, \
+      0x10, 0x39, 0x71, 0x63, 0x96, 0xf4, 0xaf, 0xc3, 0x78, 0x5d, 0xc7, 0x8c, \
+      0x80, 0xa9, 0x96, 0xd7, 0xc3, 0x87, 0x02, 0x96, 0x71, 0x7e, 0x5f, 0x2e, \
+      0x3c, 0x36, 0xae, 0x59, 0x92, 0xd7, 0x3a, 0x09, 0x78, 0xb9, 0xea, 0x6f, \
+      0xc2, 0x16, 0x42, 0xdc, 0x4b, 0x96, 0xad, 0x2c, 0xb2, 0x20, 0x23, 0x61, \
+      0x2d, 0x8d, 0xb5, 0x02, 0x1e, 0xe1, 0x6c, 0x81, 0x01, 0x3c, 0x5d, 0xcb, \
+      0xdd, 0x9b, 0x0e, 0xc0, 0x2f, 0x94, 0x12, 0xb2, 0xfe, 0x75, 0x75, 0x8b, \
+      0x74, 0x1e, 0x7a, 0x26, 0x0c, 0xb7, 0x81, 0x96, 0x81, 0x79, 0x6e, 0xdb, \
+      0xbc, 0x3a, 0xc4, 0x9e, 0x87, 0x09, 0x6e, 0xa0, 0xa6, 0xec, 0x8b, 0xa4, \
+      0x85, 0x71, 0xce, 0x04, 0xaf, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xc2, 0xa7, 0x47, \
+      0x07, 0x48, 0x6a, 0xc8, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x20, 0xe1, 0x98, 0xee, 0xff, 0x5a, \
+      0x6f, 0x30, 0x7a, 0xa5, 0x47, 0x40, 0xdc, 0x16, 0x62, 0x42, 0xf1, 0x2c, \
+      0xdc, 0xb8, 0xc7, 0x55, 0xde, 0x07, 0x3c, 0x9d, 0xb1, 0xd0, 0xdf, 0x02, \
+      0x82, 0xb0, 0x48, 0x58, 0xe1, 0x34, 0xab, 0xcf, 0xb4, 0x85, 0x23, 0x26, \
+      0x78, 0x4f, 0x7a, 0x59, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0x8c, 0x3d, 0xdf, 0x3d, 0x6c, 0x02, \
+      0x47, 0x9c, 0xe5, 0x5e, 0x49, 0xf1, 0x05, 0x0b, 0x1f, 0xbf, 0x48, 0x0f, \
+      0xdc, 0x10, 0xb9, 0x3d, 0x1d, 0x10, 0x77, 0x2a, 0x73, 0xf9, 0xdf, 0xbd, \
+      0xcd, 0xf3, 0x1f, 0xeb, 0x6e, 0x64, 0xca, 0x2b, 0x78, 0x4f, 0xf8, 0x73, \
+      0xc2, 0x10, 0xef, 0x79, 0x95, 0x33, 0x1e, 0x79, 0x35, 0x09, 0xff, 0x88, \
+      0x1b, 0xb4, 0x3e, 0x4c, 0xe1, 0x27, 0x2e, 0x75, 0x80, 0x58, 0x11, 0x03, \
+      0x21, 0x23, 0x96, 0x9a, 0xb5, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x05, 0x12, 0x64, 0x71, \
+      0x83, 0x00, 0x1c, 0xfe, 0xef, 0x83, 0xea, 0xdd, 0x2c, 0xc8, 0x2c, 0x00, \
+      0x62, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0x3a, 0xdb, 0x1c, 0xab, 0xd6, 0x34, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0xb2, \
+      0x5a, 0x4f, 0x3d, 0x37, 0x38, 0x02, 0xe0, 0xd7, 0x70, 0xc1, 0xb0, 0x47, \
+      0xe0, 0x08, 0x1a, 0x84, 0xec, 0x48, 0xc5, 0x7c, 0x76, 0x83, 0x12, 0x67, \
+      0xab, 0x7c, 0x9f, 0x90, 0x97, 0xc8, 0x8f, 0x07, 0xf4, 0xb3, 0x60, 0xf2, \
+      0x3f, 0x49, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x2e, 0x94, 0x6b, 0x53, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x63, 0xde, \
+      0x63, 0xd9, 0xab, 0x21, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0x0a, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xe8, 0xba, 0xc4, \
+      0x4c, 0x1e, 0xa5, 0xf5, 0x51, 0xa8, 0xc4, 0x92, 0xf8, 0x7f, 0x21, 0xe7, \
+      0x65, 0xbf, 0x0b, 0xe6, 0x01, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x5b, 0x6c, 0x3f, 0x1c, \
+      0x2f, 0xa6, 0x0f, 0x68, 0x38, 0x8e, 0x85, 0xc4, 0x6c, 0x78, 0x2f, 0x6f, \
+      0x06, 0x21, 0x2e, 0x56 }
+
+/*
+ * Test client Certificates
+ *
+ * Test client certificates are defined for each choice
+ * of the following parameters:
+ * - PEM or DER encoding
+ * - RSA or EC key
+ *
+ * Things to add:
+ * - hash type
+ * - multiple EC curve types
+ */
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli2.crt. */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_PEM                     \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MIICLDCCAbKgAwIBAgIBDTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTMwOTI0MTU1MjA0WhcNMjMwOTIyMTU1MjA0WjBBMQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHzAdBgNVBAMTFlBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ2xpZW50IDIw\r\n" \
+    "WTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAARX5a6xc9/TrLuTuIH/Eq7u5lOszlVT\r\n" \
+    "9jQOzC7jYyUL35ji81xgNpbA1RgUcOV/n9VLRRjlsGzVXPiWj4dwo+THo4GdMIGa\r\n" \
+    "MAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFHoAX4Zk/OBd5REQO7LmO8QmP8/iMG4GA1Ud\r\n" \
+    "IwRnMGWAFJ1tICRJAT8ry3i1Gbx+JMnb+zZ8oUKkQDA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UEChMIUG9sYXJTU0wxHDAaBgNVBAMTE1BvbGFyc3NsIFRlc3QgRUMgQ0GC\r\n" \
+    "CQDBQ+J+YkPM6DAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNoADBlAjBKZQ17IIOimbmoD/yN7o89u3BM\r\n" \
+    "lgOsjnhw3fIOoLIWy2WOGsk/LGF++DzvrRzuNiACMQCd8iem1XS4JK7haj8xocpU\r\n" \
+    "LwjQje5PDGHfd3h9tP38Qknu5bJqws0md2KOKHyeV0U=\r\n"                  \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/cli2.crt.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_DER                                                 \
+  { 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x2c, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0xb2, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, \
+    0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, \
+    0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, \
+    0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, \
+    0x31, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35, 0x32, 0x30, 0x34, \
+    0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x32, 0x32, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35, \
+    0x32, 0x30, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x41, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+    0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+    0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1f, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, \
+    0x16, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, \
+    0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x20, 0x32, 0x30, \
+    0x59, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x01, \
+    0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0x03, 0x42, \
+    0x00, 0x04, 0x57, 0xe5, 0xae, 0xb1, 0x73, 0xdf, 0xd3, 0xac, 0xbb, 0x93, \
+    0xb8, 0x81, 0xff, 0x12, 0xae, 0xee, 0xe6, 0x53, 0xac, 0xce, 0x55, 0x53, \
+    0xf6, 0x34, 0x0e, 0xcc, 0x2e, 0xe3, 0x63, 0x25, 0x0b, 0xdf, 0x98, 0xe2, \
+    0xf3, 0x5c, 0x60, 0x36, 0x96, 0xc0, 0xd5, 0x18, 0x14, 0x70, 0xe5, 0x7f, \
+    0x9f, 0xd5, 0x4b, 0x45, 0x18, 0xe5, 0xb0, 0x6c, 0xd5, 0x5c, 0xf8, 0x96, \
+    0x8f, 0x87, 0x70, 0xa3, 0xe4, 0xc7, 0xa3, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x81, 0x9a, \
+    0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, \
+    0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x7a, 0x00, \
+    0x5f, 0x86, 0x64, 0xfc, 0xe0, 0x5d, 0xe5, 0x11, 0x10, 0x3b, 0xb2, 0xe6, \
+    0x3b, 0xc4, 0x26, 0x3f, 0xcf, 0xe2, 0x30, 0x6e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, \
+    0x23, 0x04, 0x67, 0x30, 0x65, 0x80, 0x14, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x24, 0x49, \
+    0x01, 0x3f, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x78, 0xb5, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x7e, 0x24, 0xc9, 0xdb, \
+    0xfb, 0x36, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0xa4, 0x40, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, \
+    0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, \
+    0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+    0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+    0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x13, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, \
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x45, 0x43, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x82, \
+    0x09, 0x00, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x62, 0x43, 0xcc, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x0a, \
+    0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x03, 0x68, \
+    0x00, 0x30, 0x65, 0x02, 0x30, 0x4a, 0x65, 0x0d, 0x7b, 0x20, 0x83, 0xa2, \
+    0x99, 0xb9, 0xa8, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x8d, 0xee, 0x8f, 0x3d, 0xbb, 0x70, 0x4c, \
+    0x96, 0x03, 0xac, 0x8e, 0x78, 0x70, 0xdd, 0xf2, 0x0e, 0xa0, 0xb2, 0x16, \
+    0xcb, 0x65, 0x8e, 0x1a, 0xc9, 0x3f, 0x2c, 0x61, 0x7e, 0xf8, 0x3c, 0xef, \
+    0xad, 0x1c, 0xee, 0x36, 0x20, 0x02, 0x31, 0x00, 0x9d, 0xf2, 0x27, 0xa6, \
+    0xd5, 0x74, 0xb8, 0x24, 0xae, 0xe1, 0x6a, 0x3f, 0x31, 0xa1, 0xca, 0x54, \
+    0x2f, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x8d, 0xee, 0x4f, 0x0c, 0x61, 0xdf, 0x77, 0x78, 0x7d, \
+    0xb4, 0xfd, 0xfc, 0x42, 0x49, 0xee, 0xe5, 0xb2, 0x6a, 0xc2, 0xcd, 0x26, \
+    0x77, 0x62, 0x8e, 0x28, 0x7c, 0x9e, 0x57, 0x45 }
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli2.key. */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_PEM                                                \
+    "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                   \
+    "MHcCAQEEIPb3hmTxZ3/mZI3vyk7p3U3wBf+WIop6hDhkFzJhmLcqoAoGCCqGSM49\r\n" \
+    "AwEHoUQDQgAEV+WusXPf06y7k7iB/xKu7uZTrM5VU/Y0Dswu42MlC9+Y4vNcYDaW\r\n" \
+    "wNUYFHDlf5/VS0UY5bBs1Vz4lo+HcKPkxw==\r\n"                             \
+    "-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+
+/* This is generated from tests/data_files/cli2.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_DER                             \
+    { 0x30, 0x77, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x20, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0x86, 0x64, 0xf1, \
+      0x67, 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x64, 0x8d, 0xef, 0xca, 0x4e, 0xe9, 0xdd, 0x4d, 0xf0, \
+      0x05, 0xff, 0x96, 0x22, 0x8a, 0x7a, 0x84, 0x38, 0x64, 0x17, 0x32, 0x61, \
+      0x98, 0xb7, 0x2a, 0xa0, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, \
+      0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0xa1, 0x44, 0x03, 0x42, 0x00, 0x04, 0x57, 0xe5, 0xae, \
+      0xb1, 0x73, 0xdf, 0xd3, 0xac, 0xbb, 0x93, 0xb8, 0x81, 0xff, 0x12, 0xae, \
+      0xee, 0xe6, 0x53, 0xac, 0xce, 0x55, 0x53, 0xf6, 0x34, 0x0e, 0xcc, 0x2e, \
+      0xe3, 0x63, 0x25, 0x0b, 0xdf, 0x98, 0xe2, 0xf3, 0x5c, 0x60, 0x36, 0x96, \
+      0xc0, 0xd5, 0x18, 0x14, 0x70, 0xe5, 0x7f, 0x9f, 0xd5, 0x4b, 0x45, 0x18, \
+      0xe5, 0xb0, 0x6c, 0xd5, 0x5c, 0xf8, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x87, 0x70, 0xa3, 0xe4, \
+      0xc7 }
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt. */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_PEM                                               \
+    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"                                      \
+    "MIIDPzCCAiegAwIBAgIBBDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDER\r\n" \
+    "MA8GA1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGTAXBgNVBAMMEFBvbGFyU1NMIFRlc3QgQ0EwHhcN\r\n" \
+    "MTEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WhcNMjEwMjEyMTQ0NDA2WjA8MQswCQYDVQQGEwJOTDERMA8G\r\n" \
+    "A1UECgwIUG9sYXJTU0wxGjAYBgNVBAMMEVBvbGFyU1NMIENsaWVudCAyMIIBIjAN\r\n" \
+    "BgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6f\r\n" \
+    "M60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaFB9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu\r\n" \
+    "1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEw\r\n" \
+    "MjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v\r\n" \
+    "4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx/\r\n" \
+    "/DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+vdqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQAB\r\n" \
+    "o00wSzAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRxoQBzckAvVHZeM/xSj7zx3WtGITAf\r\n" \
+    "BgNVHSMEGDAWgBS0WuSls97SUva51aaVD+s+vMf9/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOC\r\n" \
+    "AQEAlHabem2Tu69VUN7EipwnQn1dIHdgvT5i+iQHpSxY1crPnBbAeSdAXwsVEqLQ\r\n" \
+    "gOOIAQD5VIITNuoGgo4i+4OpNh9u7ZkpRHla+/swsfrFWRRbBNP5Bcu74AGLstwU\r\n" \
+    "zM8gIkBiyfM1Q1qDQISV9trlCG6O8vh8dp/rbI3rfzo99BOHXgFCrzXjCuW4vDsF\r\n" \
+    "r+Dao26bX3sJ6UnEWg1H3o2x6PpUcvQ36h71/bz4TEbbUUEpe02V4QWuL+wrhHJL\r\n" \
+    "U7o3SVE3Og7jPF8sat0a50YUWhwEFI256m02KAXLg89ueUyYKEr6rNwhcvXJpvU9\r\n" \
+    "giIVvd0Sbjjnn7NC4VDbcXV8vw==\r\n"                                     \
+    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+
+/* This was generated from tests/data_files/cli-rsa-sha256.crt.der
+   using `xxd -i.` */
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_DER                                                  \
+    { 0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x27, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, \
+      0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x04, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, \
+      0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, \
+      0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, \
+      0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, \
+      0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, \
+      0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, \
+      0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x41, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, \
+      0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x30, 0x36, \
+      0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x34, 0x34, \
+      0x34, 0x30, 0x36, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x3c, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, \
+      0x55, 0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x11, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, \
+      0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, \
+      0x53, 0x4c, 0x31, 0x1a, 0x30, 0x18, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, \
+      0x11, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x53, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6c, \
+      0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x20, 0x32, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, \
+      0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, \
+      0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, \
+      0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc8, 0x74, 0xc4, 0xcc, 0xb9, 0xf9, 0xb5, 0x79, 0xe9, \
+      0x45, 0xd9, 0x14, 0x60, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xbb, 0x93, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x9f, \
+      0x33, 0xad, 0x0d, 0x8f, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x56, 0x65, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x44, 0xd9, \
+      0xcc, 0x66, 0x85, 0x07, 0xd5, 0xf8, 0x27, 0xb0, 0x4a, 0x35, 0xd0, 0x63, \
+      0x9e, 0x0a, 0x6e, 0x1b, 0xb7, 0xda, 0xf0, 0x7e, 0xab, 0xee, 0x0c, 0x10, \
+      0x93, 0x86, 0x49, 0x18, 0x34, 0xf3, 0xa8, 0x2a, 0xd2, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x2e, \
+      0xd4, 0x2f, 0x77, 0x29, 0x84, 0x61, 0x4d, 0x82, 0x50, 0x8f, 0xa7, 0x95, \
+      0x48, 0x70, 0xf5, 0x6e, 0x4d, 0xb2, 0xd5, 0x13, 0xc3, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xed, \
+      0xe6, 0x43, 0xea, 0x42, 0x14, 0xeb, 0x74, 0xea, 0xc0, 0xed, 0x1f, 0xd4, \
+      0x57, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0xf3, 0xa8, 0xed, 0xd2, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x30, 0x71, 0x30, \
+      0x32, 0x30, 0xd5, 0xd3, 0xf6, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x56, 0x4f, 0x46, 0x8e, 0xf2, \
+      0x5f, 0xf9, 0x3d, 0x67, 0x91, 0x88, 0x30, 0x2e, 0x42, 0xb2, 0xdf, 0x7d, \
+      0xfb, 0xe5, 0x0c, 0x77, 0xff, 0xec, 0x31, 0xc0, 0x78, 0x8f, 0xbf, 0xc2, \
+      0x7f, 0xca, 0xad, 0x6c, 0x21, 0xd6, 0x8d, 0xd9, 0x8b, 0x6a, 0x8e, 0x6f, \
+      0xe0, 0x9b, 0xf8, 0x10, 0x56, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x8e, 0x13, 0x15, 0xe6, 0x34, \
+      0x04, 0x66, 0xc7, 0xee, 0xf9, 0x36, 0x0e, 0x6a, 0x95, 0xf6, 0x09, 0x9a, \
+      0x06, 0x67, 0xf4, 0x65, 0x71, 0xf8, 0xca, 0xa4, 0xb1, 0x25, 0xe0, 0xfe, \
+      0x3c, 0x8b, 0x35, 0x04, 0x67, 0xba, 0xe0, 0x4f, 0x76, 0x85, 0xfc, 0x7f, \
+      0xfc, 0x36, 0x6b, 0xb5, 0xe9, 0xcd, 0x2d, 0x03, 0x62, 0x4e, 0xb3, 0x3d, \
+      0x00, 0xcf, 0xaf, 0x76, 0xa0, 0x69, 0x56, 0x83, 0x6a, 0xd2, 0xa8, 0xd4, \
+      0xe7, 0x50, 0x71, 0xe6, 0xb5, 0x36, 0x05, 0x77, 0x05, 0x6d, 0x7b, 0xc8, \
+      0xe4, 0xc4, 0xfd, 0x4c, 0xd5, 0x21, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, \
+      0xa3, 0x4d, 0x30, 0x4b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, \
+      0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, \
+      0x04, 0x14, 0x71, 0xa1, 0x00, 0x73, 0x72, 0x40, 0x2f, 0x54, 0x76, 0x5e, \
+      0x33, 0xfc, 0x52, 0x8f, 0xbc, 0xf1, 0xdd, 0x6b, 0x46, 0x21, 0x30, 0x1f, \
+      0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xb4, \
+      0x5a, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x52, 0xf6, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0x95, \
+      0x0f, 0xeb, 0x3e, 0xbc, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, \
+      0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, \
+      0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x94, 0x76, 0x9b, 0x7a, 0x6d, 0x93, 0xbb, 0xaf, 0x55, \
+      0x50, 0xde, 0xc4, 0x8a, 0x9c, 0x27, 0x42, 0x7d, 0x5d, 0x20, 0x77, 0x60, \
+      0xbd, 0x3e, 0x62, 0xfa, 0x24, 0x07, 0xa5, 0x2c, 0x58, 0xd5, 0xca, 0xcf, \
+      0x9c, 0x16, 0xc0, 0x79, 0x27, 0x40, 0x5f, 0x0b, 0x15, 0x12, 0xa2, 0xd0, \
+      0x80, 0xe3, 0x88, 0x01, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x54, 0x82, 0x13, 0x36, 0xea, 0x06, \
+      0x82, 0x8e, 0x22, 0xfb, 0x83, 0xa9, 0x36, 0x1f, 0x6e, 0xed, 0x99, 0x29, \
+      0x44, 0x79, 0x5a, 0xfb, 0xfb, 0x30, 0xb1, 0xfa, 0xc5, 0x59, 0x14, 0x5b, \
+      0x04, 0xd3, 0xf9, 0x05, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x8b, 0xb2, 0xdc, 0x14, \
+      0xcc, 0xcf, 0x20, 0x22, 0x40, 0x62, 0xc9, 0xf3, 0x35, 0x43, 0x5a, 0x83, \
+      0x40, 0x84, 0x95, 0xf6, 0xda, 0xe5, 0x08, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0xf8, 0x7c, \
+      0x76, 0x9f, 0xeb, 0x6c, 0x8d, 0xeb, 0x7f, 0x3a, 0x3d, 0xf4, 0x13, 0x87, \
+      0x5e, 0x01, 0x42, 0xaf, 0x35, 0xe3, 0x0a, 0xe5, 0xb8, 0xbc, 0x3b, 0x05, \
+      0xaf, 0xe0, 0xda, 0xa3, 0x6e, 0x9b, 0x5f, 0x7b, 0x09, 0xe9, 0x49, 0xc4, \
+      0x5a, 0x0d, 0x47, 0xde, 0x8d, 0xb1, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x54, 0x72, 0xf4, 0x37, \
+      0xea, 0x1e, 0xf5, 0xfd, 0xbc, 0xf8, 0x4c, 0x46, 0xdb, 0x51, 0x41, 0x29, \
+      0x7b, 0x4d, 0x95, 0xe1, 0x05, 0xae, 0x2f, 0xec, 0x2b, 0x84, 0x72, 0x4b, \
+      0x53, 0xba, 0x37, 0x49, 0x51, 0x37, 0x3a, 0x0e, 0xe3, 0x3c, 0x5f, 0x2c, \
+      0x6a, 0xdd, 0x1a, 0xe7, 0x46, 0x14, 0x5a, 0x1c, 0x04, 0x14, 0x8d, 0xb9, \
+      0xea, 0x6d, 0x36, 0x28, 0x05, 0xcb, 0x83, 0xcf, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x4c, 0x98, \
+      0x28, 0x4a, 0xfa, 0xac, 0xdc, 0x21, 0x72, 0xf5, 0xc9, 0xa6, 0xf5, 0x3d, \
+      0x82, 0x22, 0x15, 0xbd, 0xdd, 0x12, 0x6e, 0x38, 0xe7, 0x9f, 0xb3, 0x42, \
+      0xe1, 0x50, 0xdb, 0x71, 0x75, 0x7c, 0xbf }
+
+/* This is taken from tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key. */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_PEM                                               \
+    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"                                  \
+    "MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAyHTEzLn5tXnpRdkUYLB9u5Pyax6fM60Nj4o8VmXl3ETZzGaF\r\n" \
+    "B9X4J7BKNdBjngpuG7fa8H6r7gwQk4ZJGDTzqCrSV/Uu1C93KYRhTYJQj6eVSHD1\r\n" \
+    "bk2y1RPD0hrt5kPqQhTrdOrA7R/UV06p86jt0uDBMHEwMjDV0/YI0FZPRo7yX/k9\r\n" \
+    "Z5GIMC5Cst99++UMd//sMcB4j7/Cf8qtbCHWjdmLao5v4Jv4EFbMs44TFeY0BGbH\r\n" \
+    "7vk2DmqV9gmaBmf0ZXH4yqSxJeD+PIs1BGe64E92hfx//DZrtenNLQNiTrM9AM+v\r\n" \
+    "dqBpVoNq0qjU51Bx5rU2BXcFbXvI5MT9TNUhXwIDAQABAoIBAGdNtfYDiap6bzst\r\n" \
+    "yhCiI8m9TtrhZw4MisaEaN/ll3XSjaOG2dvV6xMZCMV+5TeXDHOAZnY18Yi18vzz\r\n" \
+    "4Ut2TnNFzizCECYNaA2fST3WgInnxUkV3YXAyP6CNxJaCmv2aA0yFr2kFVSeaKGt\r\n" \
+    "ymvljNp2NVkvm7Th8fBQBO7I7AXhz43k0mR7XmPgewe8ApZOG3hstkOaMvbWAvWA\r\n" \
+    "zCZupdDjZYjOJqlA4eEA4H8/w7F83r5CugeBE8LgEREjLPiyejrU5H1fubEY+h0d\r\n" \
+    "l5HZBJ68ybTXfQ5U9o/QKA3dd0toBEhhdRUDGzWtjvwkEQfqF1reGWj/tod/gCpf\r\n" \
+    "DFi6X0ECgYEA4wOv/pjSC3ty6TuOvKX2rOUiBrLXXv2JSxZnMoMiWI5ipLQt+RYT\r\n" \
+    "VPafL/m7Dn6MbwjayOkcZhBwk5CNz5A6Q4lJ64Mq/lqHznRCQQ2Mc1G8eyDF/fYL\r\n" \
+    "Ze2pLvwP9VD5jTc2miDfw+MnvJhywRRLcemDFP8k4hQVtm8PMp3ZmNECgYEA4gz7\r\n" \
+    "wzObR4gn8ibe617uQPZjWzUj9dUHYd+in1gwBCIrtNnaRn9I9U/Q6tegRYpii4ys\r\n" \
+    "c176NmU+umy6XmuSKV5qD9bSpZWG2nLFnslrN15Lm3fhZxoeMNhBaEDTnLT26yoi\r\n" \
+    "33gp0mSSWy94ZEqipms+ULF6sY1ZtFW6tpGFoy8CgYAQHhnnvJflIs2ky4q10B60\r\n" \
+    "ZcxFp3rtDpkp0JxhFLhiizFrujMtZSjYNm5U7KkgPVHhLELEUvCmOnKTt4ap/vZ0\r\n" \
+    "BxJNe1GZH3pW6SAvGDQpl9sG7uu/vTFP+lCxukmzxB0DrrDcvorEkKMom7ZCCRvW\r\n" \
+    "KZsZ6YeH2Z81BauRj218kQKBgQCUV/DgKP2985xDTT79N08jUo3hTP5MVYCCuj/+\r\n" \
+    "UeEw1TvZcx3LJby7P6Xad6a1/BqveaGyFKIfEFIaBUBItk801sDDpDaYc4gL00Xc\r\n" \
+    "7lFuBHOZkxJYlss5QrGpuOEl9ZwUt5IrFLBdYaKqNHzNVC1pCPfb/JyH6Dr2HUxq\r\n" \
+    "gxUwAQKBgQCcU6G2L8AG9d9c0UpOyL1tMvFe5Ttw0KjlQVdsh1MP6yigYo9DYuwu\r\n" \
+    "bHFVW2r0dBTqegP2/KTOxKzaHfC1qf0RGDsUoJCNJrd1cwoCLG8P2EF4w3OBrKqv\r\n" \
+    "8u4ytY0F+Vlanj5lm3TaoHSVF1+NWPyOTiwevIECGKwSxvlki4fDAA==\r\n"         \
+    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n"
+
+/* This was generated from tests/data_files/cli-rsa.key.der using `xxd -i`. */
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_DER                                                  \
+    { 0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, \
+      0xc8, 0x74, 0xc4, 0xcc, 0xb9, 0xf9, 0xb5, 0x79, 0xe9, 0x45, 0xd9, 0x14, \
+      0x60, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xbb, 0x93, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x9f, 0x33, 0xad, 0x0d, \
+      0x8f, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x56, 0x65, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x44, 0xd9, 0xcc, 0x66, 0x85, \
+      0x07, 0xd5, 0xf8, 0x27, 0xb0, 0x4a, 0x35, 0xd0, 0x63, 0x9e, 0x0a, 0x6e, \
+      0x1b, 0xb7, 0xda, 0xf0, 0x7e, 0xab, 0xee, 0x0c, 0x10, 0x93, 0x86, 0x49, \
+      0x18, 0x34, 0xf3, 0xa8, 0x2a, 0xd2, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x2e, 0xd4, 0x2f, 0x77, \
+      0x29, 0x84, 0x61, 0x4d, 0x82, 0x50, 0x8f, 0xa7, 0x95, 0x48, 0x70, 0xf5, \
+      0x6e, 0x4d, 0xb2, 0xd5, 0x13, 0xc3, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xed, 0xe6, 0x43, 0xea, \
+      0x42, 0x14, 0xeb, 0x74, 0xea, 0xc0, 0xed, 0x1f, 0xd4, 0x57, 0x4e, 0xa9, \
+      0xf3, 0xa8, 0xed, 0xd2, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x30, 0x71, 0x30, 0x32, 0x30, 0xd5, \
+      0xd3, 0xf6, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x56, 0x4f, 0x46, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0xf9, 0x3d, \
+      0x67, 0x91, 0x88, 0x30, 0x2e, 0x42, 0xb2, 0xdf, 0x7d, 0xfb, 0xe5, 0x0c, \
+      0x77, 0xff, 0xec, 0x31, 0xc0, 0x78, 0x8f, 0xbf, 0xc2, 0x7f, 0xca, 0xad, \
+      0x6c, 0x21, 0xd6, 0x8d, 0xd9, 0x8b, 0x6a, 0x8e, 0x6f, 0xe0, 0x9b, 0xf8, \
+      0x10, 0x56, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x8e, 0x13, 0x15, 0xe6, 0x34, 0x04, 0x66, 0xc7, \
+      0xee, 0xf9, 0x36, 0x0e, 0x6a, 0x95, 0xf6, 0x09, 0x9a, 0x06, 0x67, 0xf4, \
+      0x65, 0x71, 0xf8, 0xca, 0xa4, 0xb1, 0x25, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x3c, 0x8b, 0x35, \
+      0x04, 0x67, 0xba, 0xe0, 0x4f, 0x76, 0x85, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0xfc, 0x36, 0x6b, \
+      0xb5, 0xe9, 0xcd, 0x2d, 0x03, 0x62, 0x4e, 0xb3, 0x3d, 0x00, 0xcf, 0xaf, \
+      0x76, 0xa0, 0x69, 0x56, 0x83, 0x6a, 0xd2, 0xa8, 0xd4, 0xe7, 0x50, 0x71, \
+      0xe6, 0xb5, 0x36, 0x05, 0x77, 0x05, 0x6d, 0x7b, 0xc8, 0xe4, 0xc4, 0xfd, \
+      0x4c, 0xd5, 0x21, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, \
+      0x00, 0x67, 0x4d, 0xb5, 0xf6, 0x03, 0x89, 0xaa, 0x7a, 0x6f, 0x3b, 0x2d, \
+      0xca, 0x10, 0xa2, 0x23, 0xc9, 0xbd, 0x4e, 0xda, 0xe1, 0x67, 0x0e, 0x0c, \
+      0x8a, 0xc6, 0x84, 0x68, 0xdf, 0xe5, 0x97, 0x75, 0xd2, 0x8d, 0xa3, 0x86, \
+      0xd9, 0xdb, 0xd5, 0xeb, 0x13, 0x19, 0x08, 0xc5, 0x7e, 0xe5, 0x37, 0x97, \
+      0x0c, 0x73, 0x80, 0x66, 0x76, 0x35, 0xf1, 0x88, 0xb5, 0xf2, 0xfc, 0xf3, \
+      0xe1, 0x4b, 0x76, 0x4e, 0x73, 0x45, 0xce, 0x2c, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x26, 0x0d, \
+      0x68, 0x0d, 0x9f, 0x49, 0x3d, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x89, 0xe7, 0xc5, 0x49, 0x15, \
+      0xdd, 0x85, 0xc0, 0xc8, 0xfe, 0x82, 0x37, 0x12, 0x5a, 0x0a, 0x6b, 0xf6, \
+      0x68, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x16, 0xbd, 0xa4, 0x15, 0x54, 0x9e, 0x68, 0xa1, 0xad, \
+      0xca, 0x6b, 0xe5, 0x8c, 0xda, 0x76, 0x35, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0xe1, \
+      0xf1, 0xf0, 0x50, 0x04, 0xee, 0xc8, 0xec, 0x05, 0xe1, 0xcf, 0x8d, 0xe4, \
+      0xd2, 0x64, 0x7b, 0x5e, 0x63, 0xe0, 0x7b, 0x07, 0xbc, 0x02, 0x96, 0x4e, \
+      0x1b, 0x78, 0x6c, 0xb6, 0x43, 0x9a, 0x32, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0x02, 0xf5, 0x80, \
+      0xcc, 0x26, 0x6e, 0xa5, 0xd0, 0xe3, 0x65, 0x88, 0xce, 0x26, 0xa9, 0x40, \
+      0xe1, 0xe1, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0xc3, 0xb1, 0x7c, 0xde, 0xbe, 0x42, \
+      0xba, 0x07, 0x81, 0x13, 0xc2, 0xe0, 0x11, 0x11, 0x23, 0x2c, 0xf8, 0xb2, \
+      0x7a, 0x3a, 0xd4, 0xe4, 0x7d, 0x5f, 0xb9, 0xb1, 0x18, 0xfa, 0x1d, 0x1d, \
+      0x97, 0x91, 0xd9, 0x04, 0x9e, 0xbc, 0xc9, 0xb4, 0xd7, 0x7d, 0x0e, 0x54, \
+      0xf6, 0x8f, 0xd0, 0x28, 0x0d, 0xdd, 0x77, 0x4b, 0x68, 0x04, 0x48, 0x61, \
+      0x75, 0x15, 0x03, 0x1b, 0x35, 0xad, 0x8e, 0xfc, 0x24, 0x11, 0x07, 0xea, \
+      0x17, 0x5a, 0xde, 0x19, 0x68, 0xff, 0xb6, 0x87, 0x7f, 0x80, 0x2a, 0x5f, \
+      0x0c, 0x58, 0xba, 0x5f, 0x41, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe3, 0x03, 0xaf, \
+      0xfe, 0x98, 0xd2, 0x0b, 0x7b, 0x72, 0xe9, 0x3b, 0x8e, 0xbc, 0xa5, 0xf6, \
+      0xac, 0xe5, 0x22, 0x06, 0xb2, 0xd7, 0x5e, 0xfd, 0x89, 0x4b, 0x16, 0x67, \
+      0x32, 0x83, 0x22, 0x58, 0x8e, 0x62, 0xa4, 0xb4, 0x2d, 0xf9, 0x16, 0x13, \
+      0x54, 0xf6, 0x9f, 0x2f, 0xf9, 0xbb, 0x0e, 0x7e, 0x8c, 0x6f, 0x08, 0xda, \
+      0xc8, 0xe9, 0x1c, 0x66, 0x10, 0x70, 0x93, 0x90, 0x8d, 0xcf, 0x90, 0x3a, \
+      0x43, 0x89, 0x49, 0xeb, 0x83, 0x2a, 0xfe, 0x5a, 0x87, 0xce, 0x74, 0x42, \
+      0x41, 0x0d, 0x8c, 0x73, 0x51, 0xbc, 0x7b, 0x20, 0xc5, 0xfd, 0xf6, 0x0b, \
+      0x65, 0xed, 0xa9, 0x2e, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xf5, 0x50, 0xf9, 0x8d, 0x37, 0x36, \
+      0x9a, 0x20, 0xdf, 0xc3, 0xe3, 0x27, 0xbc, 0x98, 0x72, 0xc1, 0x14, 0x4b, \
+      0x71, 0xe9, 0x83, 0x14, 0xff, 0x24, 0xe2, 0x14, 0x15, 0xb6, 0x6f, 0x0f, \
+      0x32, 0x9d, 0xd9, 0x98, 0xd1, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xe2, 0x0c, 0xfb, \
+      0xc3, 0x33, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x88, 0x27, 0xf2, 0x26, 0xde, 0xeb, 0x5e, 0xee, \
+      0x40, 0xf6, 0x63, 0x5b, 0x35, 0x23, 0xf5, 0xd5, 0x07, 0x61, 0xdf, 0xa2, \
+      0x9f, 0x58, 0x30, 0x04, 0x22, 0x2b, 0xb4, 0xd9, 0xda, 0x46, 0x7f, 0x48, \
+      0xf5, 0x4f, 0xd0, 0xea, 0xd7, 0xa0, 0x45, 0x8a, 0x62, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0xac, \
+      0x73, 0x5e, 0xfa, 0x36, 0x65, 0x3e, 0xba, 0x6c, 0xba, 0x5e, 0x6b, 0x92, \
+      0x29, 0x5e, 0x6a, 0x0f, 0xd6, 0xd2, 0xa5, 0x95, 0x86, 0xda, 0x72, 0xc5, \
+      0x9e, 0xc9, 0x6b, 0x37, 0x5e, 0x4b, 0x9b, 0x77, 0xe1, 0x67, 0x1a, 0x1e, \
+      0x30, 0xd8, 0x41, 0x68, 0x40, 0xd3, 0x9c, 0xb4, 0xf6, 0xeb, 0x2a, 0x22, \
+      0xdf, 0x78, 0x29, 0xd2, 0x64, 0x92, 0x5b, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x64, 0x4a, 0xa2, \
+      0xa6, 0x6b, 0x3e, 0x50, 0xb1, 0x7a, 0xb1, 0x8d, 0x59, 0xb4, 0x55, 0xba, \
+      0xb6, 0x91, 0x85, 0xa3, 0x2f, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x10, 0x1e, 0x19, 0xe7, \
+      0xbc, 0x97, 0xe5, 0x22, 0xcd, 0xa4, 0xcb, 0x8a, 0xb5, 0xd0, 0x1e, 0xb4, \
+      0x65, 0xcc, 0x45, 0xa7, 0x7a, 0xed, 0x0e, 0x99, 0x29, 0xd0, 0x9c, 0x61, \
+      0x14, 0xb8, 0x62, 0x8b, 0x31, 0x6b, 0xba, 0x33, 0x2d, 0x65, 0x28, 0xd8, \
+      0x36, 0x6e, 0x54, 0xec, 0xa9, 0x20, 0x3d, 0x51, 0xe1, 0x2c, 0x42, 0xc4, \
+      0x52, 0xf0, 0xa6, 0x3a, 0x72, 0x93, 0xb7, 0x86, 0xa9, 0xfe, 0xf6, 0x74, \
+      0x07, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x7b, 0x51, 0x99, 0x1f, 0x7a, 0x56, 0xe9, 0x20, 0x2f, \
+      0x18, 0x34, 0x29, 0x97, 0xdb, 0x06, 0xee, 0xeb, 0xbf, 0xbd, 0x31, 0x4f, \
+      0xfa, 0x50, 0xb1, 0xba, 0x49, 0xb3, 0xc4, 0x1d, 0x03, 0xae, 0xb0, 0xdc, \
+      0xbe, 0x8a, 0xc4, 0x90, 0xa3, 0x28, 0x9b, 0xb6, 0x42, 0x09, 0x1b, 0xd6, \
+      0x29, 0x9b, 0x19, 0xe9, 0x87, 0x87, 0xd9, 0x9f, 0x35, 0x05, 0xab, 0x91, \
+      0x8f, 0x6d, 0x7c, 0x91, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x94, 0x57, 0xf0, 0xe0, \
+      0x28, 0xfd, 0xbd, 0xf3, 0x9c, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x3e, 0xfd, 0x37, 0x4f, 0x23, \
+      0x52, 0x8d, 0xe1, 0x4c, 0xfe, 0x4c, 0x55, 0x80, 0x82, 0xba, 0x3f, 0xfe, \
+      0x51, 0xe1, 0x30, 0xd5, 0x3b, 0xd9, 0x73, 0x1d, 0xcb, 0x25, 0xbc, 0xbb, \
+      0x3f, 0xa5, 0xda, 0x77, 0xa6, 0xb5, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0xaf, 0x79, 0xa1, 0xb2, \
+      0x14, 0xa2, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x52, 0x1a, 0x05, 0x40, 0x48, 0xb6, 0x4f, 0x34, \
+      0xd6, 0xc0, 0xc3, 0xa4, 0x36, 0x98, 0x73, 0x88, 0x0b, 0xd3, 0x45, 0xdc, \
+      0xee, 0x51, 0x6e, 0x04, 0x73, 0x99, 0x93, 0x12, 0x58, 0x96, 0xcb, 0x39, \
+      0x42, 0xb1, 0xa9, 0xb8, 0xe1, 0x25, 0xf5, 0x9c, 0x14, 0xb7, 0x92, 0x2b, \
+      0x14, 0xb0, 0x5d, 0x61, 0xa2, 0xaa, 0x34, 0x7c, 0xcd, 0x54, 0x2d, 0x69, \
+      0x08, 0xf7, 0xdb, 0xfc, 0x9c, 0x87, 0xe8, 0x3a, 0xf6, 0x1d, 0x4c, 0x6a, \
+      0x83, 0x15, 0x30, 0x01, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x53, 0xa1, 0xb6, \
+      0x2f, 0xc0, 0x06, 0xf5, 0xdf, 0x5c, 0xd1, 0x4a, 0x4e, 0xc8, 0xbd, 0x6d, \
+      0x32, 0xf1, 0x5e, 0xe5, 0x3b, 0x70, 0xd0, 0xa8, 0xe5, 0x41, 0x57, 0x6c, \
+      0x87, 0x53, 0x0f, 0xeb, 0x28, 0xa0, 0x62, 0x8f, 0x43, 0x62, 0xec, 0x2e, \
+      0x6c, 0x71, 0x55, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xf4, 0x74, 0x14, 0xea, 0x7a, 0x03, 0xf6, \
+      0xfc, 0xa4, 0xce, 0xc4, 0xac, 0xda, 0x1d, 0xf0, 0xb5, 0xa9, 0xfd, 0x11, \
+      0x18, 0x3b, 0x14, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x8d, 0x26, 0xb7, 0x75, 0x73, 0x0a, 0x02, \
+      0x2c, 0x6f, 0x0f, 0xd8, 0x41, 0x78, 0xc3, 0x73, 0x81, 0xac, 0xaa, 0xaf, \
+      0xf2, 0xee, 0x32, 0xb5, 0x8d, 0x05, 0xf9, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x9e, 0x3e, 0x65, \
+      0x9b, 0x74, 0xda, 0xa0, 0x74, 0x95, 0x17, 0x5f, 0x8d, 0x58, 0xfc, 0x8e, \
+      0x4e, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0xbc, 0x81, 0x02, 0x18, 0xac, 0x12, 0xc6, 0xf9, 0x64, \
+      0x8b, 0x87, 0xc3, 0x00 }
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Test certificates and keys as C variables
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * CA
+ */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem[]           = TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem[]           = TEST_CA_KEY_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem[]           = TEST_CA_PWD_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem[]          = TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem[]          = TEST_CA_PWD_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[]     = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM;
+
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der[]   = TEST_CA_CRT_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der[]   = TEST_CA_KEY_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der[]  = TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der[]   =
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der[] =
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_pem );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der );
+
+/*
+ * Server
+ */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem[]           = TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem[]           = TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem[]           = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem[]          = TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem[]          = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem[]     = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem[]   = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM;
+
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der[]   = TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der[]   = TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der[]  = TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der[]   =
+    TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der[] =
+    TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_pem );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_der_len = 0;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_der );
+
+/*
+ * Client
+ */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem[]   = TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem[]   = TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem[]   = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem[]  = TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_PEM;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem[]  = "";
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem[]  = TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_PEM;
+
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der[]   = TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der[]   = TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der[]  = TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_DER;
+const unsigned char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der[]  = TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_DER;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_pem );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_pem ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_pem );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_der );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_der );
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Definitions of test CRTs without specification of all parameters, choosing
+ * them automatically according to the config. For example, mbedtls_test_ca_crt
+ * is one of mbedtls_test_ca_crt_{rsa|ec}_{sha1|sha256}_{pem|der}.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch between PEM and DER according to config
+ */
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
-/* Concatenation of all available CA certificates */
-const char mbedtls_test_cas_pem[] =
-#ifdef TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1
-    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1
-#endif
-#ifdef TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256
-    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256
-#endif
-#ifdef TEST_CA_CRT_EC
-    TEST_CA_CRT_EC
-#endif
-    "";
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_pem_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cas_pem );
-#endif
 
-/* List of all available CA certificates */
+/* PEM encoded test CA certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA        TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_RSA        TEST_CA_PWD_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC         TEST_CA_KEY_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_EC         TEST_CA_PWD_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC         TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM
+
+/* PEM encoded test server certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA        TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA        ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC         TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_EC         ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC         TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_PEM
+
+/* PEM encoded test client certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA  TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA  ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA  TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_PEM
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC   TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_PEM
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_EC   ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC   TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_PEM
+
+#else /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
+
+/* DER encoded test CA certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_RSA        TEST_CA_KEY_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_RSA        ""
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER
+#define TEST_CA_KEY_EC         TEST_CA_KEY_EC_DER
+#define TEST_CA_PWD_EC         ""
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_EC         TEST_CA_CRT_EC_DER
+
+/* DER encoded test server certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA        TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA        ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256 TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1   TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY_EC         TEST_SRV_KEY_EC_DER
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD_EC         ""
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_EC         TEST_SRV_CRT_EC_DER
+
+/* DER encoded test client certificates and keys */
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA  TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA  ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA  TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA_DER
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY_EC   TEST_CLI_KEY_EC_DER
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD_EC   ""
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT_EC   TEST_CLI_CRT_EC_DER
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa[]         = TEST_CA_KEY_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa[]         = TEST_CA_PWD_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256[]  = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1[]    = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec[]          = TEST_CA_KEY_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec[]          = TEST_CA_PWD_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec[]          = TEST_CA_CRT_EC;
+
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa[]        = TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa[]        = TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256[] = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1[]   = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec[]         = TEST_SRV_KEY_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec[]         = TEST_SRV_PWD_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec[]         = TEST_SRV_CRT_EC;
+
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa[]        = TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa[]        = TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa[]        = TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec[]         = TEST_CLI_KEY_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec[]         = TEST_CLI_PWD_EC;
+const char mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec[]         = TEST_CLI_CRT_EC;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_rsa ) -1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha256 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_sha1 );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_ec ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec );
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch between SHA-1 and SHA-256
+ */
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA  TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA256
+#else
+#define TEST_CA_CRT_RSA  TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA_SHA1
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+
+const char mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa[]  = TEST_CA_CRT_RSA;
+const char mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa[] = TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa_len =
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch between RSA and EC
+ */
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY TEST_CA_KEY_RSA
+#define TEST_CA_PWD TEST_CA_PWD_RSA
+#define TEST_CA_CRT TEST_CA_CRT_RSA
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY TEST_SRV_KEY_RSA
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD TEST_SRV_PWD_RSA
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT TEST_SRV_CRT_RSA
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY TEST_CLI_KEY_RSA
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD TEST_CLI_PWD_RSA
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT TEST_CLI_CRT_RSA
+
+#else /* no RSA, so assume ECDSA */
+
+#define TEST_CA_KEY TEST_CA_KEY_EC
+#define TEST_CA_PWD TEST_CA_PWD_EC
+#define TEST_CA_CRT TEST_CA_CRT_EC
+
+#define TEST_SRV_KEY TEST_SRV_KEY_EC
+#define TEST_SRV_PWD TEST_SRV_PWD_EC
+#define TEST_SRV_CRT TEST_SRV_CRT_EC
+
+#define TEST_CLI_KEY TEST_CLI_KEY_EC
+#define TEST_CLI_PWD TEST_CLI_PWD_EC
+#define TEST_CLI_CRT TEST_CLI_CRT_EC
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+
+/* API stability forces us to declare
+ *   mbedtls_test_{ca|srv|cli}_{key|pwd|crt}
+ * as pointers. */
+static const char test_ca_key[] = TEST_CA_KEY;
+static const char test_ca_pwd[] = TEST_CA_PWD;
+static const char test_ca_crt[] = TEST_CA_CRT;
+
+static const char test_srv_key[] = TEST_SRV_KEY;
+static const char test_srv_pwd[] = TEST_SRV_PWD;
+static const char test_srv_crt[] = TEST_SRV_CRT;
+
+static const char test_cli_key[] = TEST_CLI_KEY;
+static const char test_cli_pwd[] = TEST_CLI_PWD;
+static const char test_cli_crt[] = TEST_CLI_CRT;
+
+const char *mbedtls_test_ca_key = test_ca_key;
+const char *mbedtls_test_ca_pwd = test_ca_pwd;
+const char *mbedtls_test_ca_crt = test_ca_crt;
+
+const char *mbedtls_test_srv_key = test_srv_key;
+const char *mbedtls_test_srv_pwd = test_srv_pwd;
+const char *mbedtls_test_srv_crt = test_srv_crt;
+
+const char *mbedtls_test_cli_key = test_cli_key;
+const char *mbedtls_test_cli_pwd = test_cli_pwd;
+const char *mbedtls_test_cli_crt = test_cli_crt;
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len =
+    sizeof( test_ca_key );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len =
+    sizeof( test_ca_pwd ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len =
+    sizeof( test_ca_crt );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len =
+    sizeof( test_srv_key );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_pwd_len =
+    sizeof( test_srv_pwd ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len =
+    sizeof( test_srv_crt );
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len =
+    sizeof( test_cli_key );
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_pwd_len =
+    sizeof( test_cli_pwd ) - 1;
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len =
+    sizeof( test_cli_crt );
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Lists of certificates
+ *
+ */
+
+/* List of CAs in PEM or DER, depending on config */
 const char * mbedtls_test_cas[] = {
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
     mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1,
 #endif
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
     mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256,
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
@@ -389,10 +1636,10 @@
     NULL
 };
 const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_len[] = {
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
     sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1 ),
 #endif
-#if defined(TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C) && defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
     sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256 ),
 #endif
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
@@ -401,36 +1648,53 @@
     0
 };
 
+/* List of all available CA certificates in DER format */
+const unsigned char * mbedtls_test_cas_der[] = {
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_crt  = mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa; /* SHA1 or SHA256 */
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_key  = mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_pwd  = mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_crt = mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_key = mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_crt = mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_key = mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_rsa ) - 1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_rsa );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_rsa );
-#else /* ! MBEDTLS_RSA_C, so MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_crt  = mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_key  = mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_ca_pwd  = mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_crt = mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_srv_key = mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_crt = mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec;
-const char *mbedtls_test_cli_key = mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_crt_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_key_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_key_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_len  = sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_pwd_ec ) - 1;
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_crt_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_srv_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_srv_key_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_crt_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_crt_ec );
-const size_t mbedtls_test_cli_key_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cli_key_ec );
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+    mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der,
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
+    mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der,
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
+    mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der,
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+    NULL
+};
+
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_der_len[] = {
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha256_der ),
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_rsa_sha1_der ),
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
+    sizeof( mbedtls_test_ca_crt_ec_der ),
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+    0
+};
+
+/* Concatenation of all available CA certificates in PEM format */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C)
+const char mbedtls_test_cas_pem[] =
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_C)
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C)
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA256_PEM
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
+    TEST_CA_CRT_RSA_SHA1_PEM
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C)
+    TEST_CA_CRT_EC_PEM
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECDSA_C */
+    "";
+const size_t mbedtls_test_cas_pem_len = sizeof( mbedtls_test_cas_pem );
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PEM_PARSE_C */
 
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_CERTS_C */