diff --git a/docs/architecture/psa-migration/md-cipher-dispatch.md b/docs/architecture/psa-migration/md-cipher-dispatch.md
index 355f561..430b0ca 100644
--- a/docs/architecture/psa-migration/md-cipher-dispatch.md
+++ b/docs/architecture/psa-migration/md-cipher-dispatch.md
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@
 * Software implementations of primitive cryptographic mechanisms. These are not expected to change.
 * Software implementations of constructed cryptographic mechanisms (e.g. HMAC, CTR_DRBG, RSA (calling a hash for PSS/OAEP, and needing to know the hash length in PKCS1v1.5 sign/verify), …). These need to keep working whenever a legacy implementation of the auxiliary mechanism is available, regardless of whether a PSA implementation is also available.
 * Code implementing the PSA crypto interface. This is not expected to change, except perhaps to expose some internal functionality to overhauled glue code.
-* Code that's subject to `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO`: `pk.h`, X.509, TLS (excluding TLS 1.3).
-* Code that always uses PSA for crypto: TLS 1.3, LMS.
+* Code that's subject to `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO`: `pk.h`, X.509, TLS (excluding parts specific TLS 1.3).
+* Code that always uses PSA for crypto: TLS 1.3 (except things common with 1.2), LMS.
 
 For the purposes of this work, three domains emerge:
 
@@ -110,23 +110,79 @@
 
 #### Non-use-PSA modules
 
-The following modules in Mbed TLS call another module to perform cryptographic operations which, in the long term, will be provided through a PSA interface, but cannot make any PSA-related assumption:
+The following modules in Mbed TLS call another module to perform cryptographic operations which, in the long term, will be provided through a PSA interface, but cannot make any PSA-related assumption.
 
-* CCM (block cipher in ECB mode; interdependent with cipher)
-* cipher (cipher and AEAD algorithms)
-* CMAC (AES-ECB and DES-ECB, but could be extended to the other block ciphers; interdependent with cipher)
-* CTR\_DRBG (AES-ECB, but could be extended to the other block ciphers)
-* entropy (hashes via low-level)
+Hashes and HMAC (after the work on driver-only hashes):
+
+* entropy (hashes via MD-light)
 * ECDSA (HMAC\_DRBG; `md.h` exposed through API)
-* ECJPAKE (hashes via md; `md.h` exposed through API)
-* GCM (block cipher in ECB mode; interdependent with cipher)
-* md (hashes and HMAC)
-* NIST\_KW (AES-ECB; interdependent with cipher)
+* ECJPAKE (hashes via MD-light; `md.h` exposed through API)
+* MD (hashes and HMAC)
+* HKDF (HMAC via `md.h`; `md.h` exposed through API)
 * HMAC\_DRBG (hashes and HMAC via `md.h`; `md.h` exposed through API)
-* PEM (AES and DES in CBC mode without padding; MD5 hash via low-level)
-* PKCS12 (cipher, generically, selected from ASN.1 or function parameters; hashes via md; `cipher.h` exposed through API)
-* PKCS5 (cipher, generically, selected from ASN.1; HMAC via `md.h`; `md.h` exposed through API)
-* RSA (hash via md for PSS and OAEP; `md.h` exposed through API)
+* PKCS12 (hashes via MD-light)
+* PKCS5 (HMAC via `md.h`; `md.h` exposed through API)
+* PKCS7 (hashes via MD)
+* RSA (hash via MD-light for PSS and OAEP; `md.h` exposed through API)
+* PEM (MD5 hash via MD-light)
+
+Symmetric ciphers and AEADs (before work on driver-only cipher):
+
+* PEM:
+  * AES, DES or 3DES in CBC mode without padding, decrypt only (!).
+  * Currently using low-level non-generic APIs.
+  * No hard dependency, features guarded by `AES_C` resp. `DES_C`.
+  * Functions called: `setkey_dec()` + `crypt_cbc()`.
+* PKCS12:
+  * In practice: 2DES or 3DES in CBC mode with PKCS7 padding, decrypt only
+    (when called from pkparse).
+  * In principle: any cipher-mode (default padding), passed an
+    `mbedtls_cipher_type_t` as an argument, no documented restriction.
+  * Cipher, generically, selected from ASN.1 or function parameters;
+    no documented restriction but in practice TODO (inc. padding and
+    en/decrypt, look at standards and tests)
+  * Unconditional dependency on `CIPHER_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Note: `cipher.h` exposed through API.
+  * Functions called: `setup`, `setkey`, `set_iv`, `reset`, `update`, `finish` (in sequence, once).
+* PKCS5 (PBES2, `mbedtls_pkcs5_pbes2()`):
+  * 3DES or DES in CBC mode with PKCS7 padding, both encrypt and decrypt.
+  * Note: could also be AES in the future, see #7038.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `CIPHER_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Functions called: `setup`, `setkey`, `crypt`.
+* CTR\_DRBG:
+  * AES in ECB mode, encrypt only.
+  * Currently using low-level non-generic API (`aes.h`).
+  * Unconditional dependency on `AES_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Functions called: `setkey_enc`, `crypt_ecb`.
+* CCM:
+  * AES, Camellia or Aria in ECB mode, encrypt only.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `AES_C || CAMELLIA_C || ARIA_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `CIPHER_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Note: also called by `cipher.c` if enabled.
+  * Functions called: `info`, `setup`, `setkey`, `update` (several times) - (never finish)
+* CMAC:
+  * AES or DES in ECB mode, encrypt only.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `AES_C || DES_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `CIPHER_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Note: also called by `cipher.c` if enabled.
+  * Functions called: `info`, `setup`, `setkey`, `update` (several times) - (never finish)
+* GCM:
+  * AES, Camellia or Aria in ECB mode, encrypt only.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `AES_C || CAMELLIA_C || ARIA_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `CIPHER_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Note: also called by `cipher.c` if enabled.
+  * Functions called: `info`, `setup`, `setkey`, `update` (several times) - (never finish)
+* NIST\_KW:
+  * AES in ECB mode, both encryt and decrypt.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `AES_C || DES_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Unconditional dependency on `CIPHER_C` in `check_config.h`.
+  * Note: also called by `cipher.c` if enabled.
+  * Note: `cipher.h` exposed through API.
+  * Functions called: `info`, `setup`, `setkey`, `update` (several times) - (never finish)
+* Cipher:
+  * potentially any cipher/AEAD in any mode and any direction
+
+Note: PSA cipher is built on Cipher, but PSA AEAD directly calls the underlying AEAD modules (GCM, CCM, ChachaPoly).
 
 ### Difficulties
 
@@ -263,12 +319,72 @@
 * We can make names and HMAC optional. The mixed-domain hash interface won't be the full `MBEDTLS_MD_C` but a subset.
 * We can optimize `md.c` without making API changes to `md.h`.
 
+### Scope reductions and priorities for 3.x
+
+This section documents things that we chose to temporarily exclude from the scope in the 3.x branch (which will eventually be in scope again after 4.0) as well as things we chose to prioritize if we don't have time to support everything.
+
+#### Don't support PK, X.509 and TLS without `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO`
+
+We do not need to support driver-only hashes and ciphers in PK. X.509 and TLS without `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO`. Users who want to take full advantage of drivers will need to enabled this macro.
+
+Note that this applies to TLS 1.3 as well, as some uses of hashes and all uses of ciphers there are common with TLS 1.2, hence governed by `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO`, see [this macro's extended documentation](../../docs/use-psa-crypto.html).
+
+This will go away naturally in 4.0 when this macros is not longer an option (because it's always on).
+
+#### Don't support for `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CLIENT` without `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C`
+
+We generally don't really support builds with `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CLIENT` without `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C`. For example, both `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO` and `MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3` require `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C`, while in principle they should only require `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CLIENT`.
+
+Considering this existing restriction which we do not plan to lift before 4.0, it is acceptable driver-only hashes and cipher support to have the same restriction in 3.x.
+
+It is however desirable for the design to keep support for `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CLIENT` in mind, in order to avoid making it more difficult to add in the future.
+
+#### For cipher: prioritize constrained devices and modern TLS
+
+The primary target is a configuration like TF-M's medium profile, plus TLS with only AEAD ciphersuites.
+
+This excludes things like:
+- Support for encrypted PEM, PKCS5 and PKCS12 encryption, and PKCS8 encrypted keys in PK parse. (Not widely used on highly constrained devices.)
+- Support for NIST-KW. (Same justification.)
+- Support for CMAC. (Same justification, plus can be directly accelerated.)
+- Support for CBC ciphersuites in TLS. (They've been recommended against for a while now.)
+
+### Dual-dispatch for block cipher primitives
+
+Considering the priorities stated above, initially we want to support GCM, CCM and CTR-DRBG. All three of them use the block cipher primitive only in the encrypt direction. Currently, GCM and CCM use the Cipher layer in order to work with AES, Aria and Camellia (DES is excluded by the standards due to its smaller block size) and CTR-DRBG directly uses the low-level API from `aes.h`. In all cases, access to the "block cipher primitive" is done by using "ECB mode" (which for both Cipher and `aes.h` only allows a single block, contrary to PSA which implements actual ECB mode).
+
+The two AEAD modes, GCM and CCM, have very similar needs and positions in the stack, strongly suggesting using the same design for both. On the other hand, there are a number of differences between CTR-DRBG and them.
+- CTR-DRBG only uses AES (and there is no plan to extend it to other block ciphers at the moment), while GCM and CCM need to work with 3 block ciphers already.
+- CTR-DRBG holds a special position in the stack: most users don't care about it per se, they only care about getting random numbers - in fact PSA users don't even need to know what DRBG is used. In particular, no part of the stack is asking questions like "is CTR-DRBG-AES available?" - an RNG needs to be available and that's it - contrary to similar questions about AES-GCM etc. which are asked for example by TLS.
+
+So, it makes sense to use different designs for CTR-DRBG on one hand, and GCM/CCM on the other hand:
+- CTR-DRBG can just check if `AES_C` is present and "fall back" to PSA if not.
+- GCM and CCM need an common abstraction layer that allows:
+  - Using AES, Aria or Camellia in a uniform way.
+  - Dispatching to built-in or driver.
+
+The abstraction layer used by GCM and CCM may either be a new internal module, or a subset of the existing Cipher API, extended with the ability to dispatch to a PSA driver.
+
+Reasons for making this layer's API a subset of the existing Cipher API:
+- No need to design, implement and test a new module. (Will need to test the new subset though, as well as the extended behaviour.)
+- No code change in GCM and CCM - only need to update dependencies.
+- No risk for code duplication between a potential new module and Cipher: source-level, and in in particular in builds that still have `CIPHER_C` enabled. (Compiled-code duplication could be avoided by excluding the new module in such builds, though.)
+- If want to support other users of Cipher later (such as NIST-KW, CMAC, PKCS5 and PKCS12), we can just extend dual-dispatch support to other modes/operations in Cipher and keep those extra modules unchanged as well.
+
+Possible costs of re-using (a subset of) the existing Cipher API instead of defining a new one:
+- We carry over costs associated with `cipher_info_t` structures. (Currently the info structure is used for 3 things: (1) to check if the cipher is supported, (2) to check its block size, (3) because `setup()` requires it).
+- We carry over questionable implementation decisions, like dynamic allocation of context.
+
+Those costs could be avoided by refactoring (parts of) Cipher, but that would probably mean either:
+- significant differences in how the `cipher.h` API is implemented between builds with the full Cipher or only a subset;
+- or more work to apply the simplifications to all of Cipher.
+
+Prototyping both approaches showed better code size savings and cleaner code with a new internal module (see section "Internal "block cipher" abstraction (Cipher light)" below).
+
 ## Specification
 
 ### MD light
 
-https://github.com/Mbed-TLS/mbedtls/pull/6474 implements part of this specification, but it's based on Mbed TLS 3.2, so it needs to be rewritten for 3.3.
-
 #### Definition of MD light
 
 MD light is a subset of `md.h` that implements the hash calculation interface described in ”[Designing an interface for hashes](#designing-an-interface-for-hashes)”. It is activated by `MBEDTLS_MD_LIGHT` in `mbedtls_config.h`.
@@ -398,31 +514,7 @@
 
 #### Error code conversion
 
-After calling a PSA function, call `mbedtls_md_error_from_psa` to convert its status code. This function is currently defined in `hash_info.c`.
-
-### Migration to MD light
-
-#### Migration of modules that used to call MD and now do the legacy-or-PSA dance
-
-Get rid of the case where `MBEDTLS_MD_C` is undefined. Enable `MBEDTLS_MD_LIGHT` in `build_info.h`.
-
-#### Migration of modules that used to call a low-level hash module and now do the legacy-or-PSA dance
-
-Switch to calling MD (light) unconditionally. Enable `MBEDTLS_MD_LIGHT` in `build_info.h`.
-
-#### Migration of modules that call a low-level hash module
-
-Switch to calling MD (light). Enable `MBEDTLS_MD_LIGHT` in `build_info.h`.
-
-#### Migration of use-PSA mixed code
-
-Instead of calling `hash_info.h` functions to obtain metadata, get it from `md.h`.
-
-Optionally, code that currently tests on `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO` just to determine whether to call MD or PSA to calculate hashes can switch to just having the MD variant.
-
-#### Remove `legacy_or_psa.h`
-
-It's no longer used.
+After calling a PSA function, call `mbedtls_md_error_from_psa` to convert its status code.
 
 ### Support all legacy algorithms in PSA
 
@@ -461,10 +553,6 @@
 
 Work in progress on this conversion is at https://github.com/gilles-peskine-arm/mbedtls/tree/hash-unify-ids-wip-1
 
-#### Get rid of the hash_info module
-
-The hash_info module is redundant with MD light. Move `mbedtls_md_error_from_psa` to `md.c`, defined only when `MBEDTLS_MD_SOME_PSA` is defined. The rest is no longer used.
-
 #### Unify HMAC with PSA
 
 PSA has its own HMAC implementation. In builds with both `MBEDTLS_MD_C` and `PSA_WANT_ALG_HMAC` not fully provided by drivers, we should have a single implementation. Replace the one in `md.h` by calls to the PSA driver interface. This will also give mixed-domain modules access to HMAC accelerated directly by a PSA driver (eliminating the need to a HMAC interface in software if all supported hashes have an accelerator that includes HMAC support).
@@ -477,3 +565,34 @@
 
 * Compile-time dependencies: instead of checking `defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C)`, check `defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C) || defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CLIENT)`.
 * Implementers of `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CLIENT` will need to provide `psa_can_do_hash()` (or a more general function `psa_can_do`) alongside `psa_crypto_init()`. Note that at this point, it will become a public interface, hence we won't be able to change it at a whim.
+
+### Internal "block cipher" abstraction (Cipher light)
+
+#### Definition
+
+The new module is automatically enabled in `build_info.h` by modules that need
+it, namely: CCM, GCM, only when `CIPHER_C` is not available. Note: CCM and GCM
+currently depend on the full `CIPHER_C` (enforced by `check_config.h`); this
+hard dependency would be replaced by the above auto-enablement.
+
+The following API functions are offered:
+```
+void mbedtls_block_cipher_init(mbedtls_block_cipher_context_t *ctx);
+void mbedtls_block_cipher_free(mbedtls_block_cipher_context_t *ctx);
+int mbedtls_block_cipher_setup(mbedtls_block_cipher_context_t *ctx,
+                               mbedtls_cipher_id_t cipher_id);
+int mbedtls_block_cipher_setkey(mbedtls_block_cipher_context_t *ctx,
+                                const unsigned char *key,
+                                unsigned key_bitlen);
+int mbedtls_block_cipher_encrypt(mbedtls_block_cipher_context_t *ctx,
+                                 const unsigned char input[16],
+                                 unsigned char output[16]);
+```
+
+The only supported ciphers are AES, ARIA and Camellia. They are identified by
+an `mbedtls_cipher_id_t` in the `setup()` function, because that's how they're
+identifed by callers (GCM/CCM).
+
+#### Cipher light dual dispatch
+
+This is likely to come in the future, but has not been defined yet.
diff --git a/docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety/key-slot-state-transitions.png b/docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety/key-slot-state-transitions.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34cc79b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety/key-slot-state-transitions.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety.md b/docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety/psa-thread-safety.md
similarity index 76%
rename from docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety.md
rename to docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety/psa-thread-safety.md
index 0d03e32..dc5d7e1 100644
--- a/docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety.md
+++ b/docs/architecture/psa-thread-safety/psa-thread-safety.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 If you build with `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C` and `MBEDTLS_THREADING_C`, the code must be functionally correct: no race conditions, deadlocks or livelocks.
 
-The [PSA Crypto API specification](https://armmbed.github.io/mbed-crypto/html/overview/conventions.html#concurrent-calls) defines minimum expectations for concurrent calls. They must work as if they had been executed one at a time, except that the following cases have undefined behavior:
+The [PSA Crypto API specification](https://armmbed.github.io/mbed-crypto/html/overview/conventions.html#concurrent-calls) defines minimum expectations for concurrent calls. They must work as if they had been executed one at a time (excluding resource-management errors), except that the following cases have undefined behavior:
 
 * Destroying a key while it's in use.
 * Concurrent calls using the same operation object. (An operation object may not be used by more than one thread at a time. But it can move from one thread to another between calls.)
@@ -281,28 +281,56 @@
 
 #### Slot states
 
-For concurrency purposes, a slot can be in one of three states:
+For concurrency purposes, a slot can be in one of four states:
 
-* UNUSED: no thread is currently accessing the slot. It may be occupied by a volatile key or a cached key.
-* WRITING: a thread has exclusive access to the slot. This can only happen in specific circumstances as detailed below.
-* READING: any thread may read from the slot.
+* EMPTY: no thread is currently accessing the slot, and no information is stored in the slot. Any thread is able to change the slot's state to FILLING and begin loading data.
+* FILLING: one thread is currently loading or creating material to fill the slot, this thread is responsible for the next state transition. Other threads cannot read the contents of a slot which is in FILLING.
+* FULL: the slot contains a key, and any thread is able to use the key after registering as a reader.
+* PENDING_DELETION: the key within the slot has been destroyed or marked for destruction, but at least one thread is still registered as a reader. No thread can register to read this slot. The slot must not be wiped until the last reader de-registers, wiping the slot by calling `psa_wipe_key_slot`.
 
-A high-level view of state transitions:
+To change `slot` to state `new_state`, a function must call `psa_slot_state_transition(slot, new_state)`.
 
-* `psa_get_empty_key_slot`: UNUSED → WRITING.
-* `psa_get_and_lock_key_slot_in_memory`: UNUSED or READING → READING. This function only accepts slots in the UNUSED or READING state. A slot with the correct id but in the WRITING state is considered free.
-* `psa_unlock_key_slot`: READING → UNUSED or READING.
-* `psa_finish_key_creation`: WRITING → READING.
-* `psa_fail_key_creation`: WRITING → UNUSED.
-* `psa_wipe_key_slot`: any → UNUSED. If the slot is READING or WRITING on entry, this function must wait until the writer or all readers have finished. (By the way, the WRITING state is possible if `mbedtls_psa_crypto_free` is called while a key creation is in progress.) See [“Destruction of a key in use”](#destruction-of-a-key-in-use).
+A counter field within each slot keeps track of how many readers have registered. Library functions must call `psa_register_read` before reading the key data within a slot, and `psa_unregister_read` after they have finished operating.
 
-The current `state->lock_count` corresponds to the difference between UNUSED and READING: a slot is in use iff its lock count is nonzero, so `lock_count == 0` corresponds to UNUSED and `lock_count != 0` corresponds to READING.
+Any call to `psa_slot_state_transition`, `psa_register_read` or `psa_unregister_read` must be performed by a thread which holds the global mutex.
 
-There is currently no indication of when a slot is in the WRITING state. This only happens between a call to `psa_start_key_creation` and a call to one of `psa_finish_key_creation` or `psa_fail_key_creation`. This new state can be conveyed by a new boolean flag, or by setting `lock_count` to `~0`.
+##### Linearizability of the system
+
+To satisfy the requirements in [Correctness out of the box](#correctness-out-of-the-box), we require our functions to be "linearizable" (under certain constraints). This means that any (constraint satisfying) set of concurrent calls are performed as if they were executed in some sequential order.
+
+The standard way of reasoning that this is the case is to identify a "linearization point" for each call, this is a single execution step where the function takes effect (this is usually a step in which the effects of the call become visible to other threads). If every call has a linearization point, the set of calls is equivalent to sequentially performing the calls in order of when their linearization point occurred.
+
+We only require linearizability to hold in the case where a resource-management error is not returned. In a set of concurrent calls, it is permitted for a call c to fail with a PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY return code even if there does not exist a sequential ordering of the calls in which c returns this error. Even if such an error occurs, all calls are still required to be functionally correct.
+
+We only access and modify a slot's state and reader count while we hold the global lock. This ensures the memory in which these fields are stored is correctly synchronized. It also ensures that the key data within the slot is synchronised where needed (the writer unlocks the mutex after filling the data, and any reader must lock the mutex before reading the data).
+
+To help justify that our system is linearizable, here is a list of key slot state changing functions and their linearization points (for the sake of brevity not all failure cases are covered, but those cases are not complex):
+* `psa_wipe_key_slot, psa_register_read, psa_unregister_read, psa_slot_state_transition,` - These functions are all always performed under the global mutex, so they have no effects visible to other threads (this implies that they are linearizable).
+* `psa_get_empty_key_slot, psa_get_and_lock_key_slot_in_memory, psa_load_X_key_into_slot, psa_fail_key_creation` - These functions hold the mutex for all non-setup/finalizing code, their linearization points are the release of the mutex.
+* `psa_get_and_lock_key_slot` - If the key is already in a slot, the linearization point is the linearization point of the call to `psa_get_and_lock_key_slot_in_memory`. If the key is not in a slot and is loaded into one, the linearization point is the linearization point of the call to `psa_load_X_key_into_slot`.
+* `psa_start_key_creation` - From the perspective of other threads, the only effect of a successful call to this function is that the amount of usable resources decreases (a key slot which was usable is now unusable). Since we do not consider resource management as linearizable behaviour, when arguing for linearizability of the system we consider this function to have no visible effect to other threads.
+* `psa_finish_key_creation` - On a successful load, we lock the mutex and set the state of the slot to FULL, the linearization point is then the following unlock. On an unsuccessful load, the linearization point is when we return - no action we have performed has been made visible to another thread as the slot is still in a FILLING state.
+* `psa_destroy_key, psa_close_key, psa_purge_key` - As per the requirements, we need only argue for the case where the key is not in use here. The linearization point is the unlock after wiping the data and setting the slot state to EMPTY.
+* `psa_import_key, psa_copy_key, psa_generate_key, mbedtls_psa_register_se_key` - These functions call both `psa_start_key_creation` and `psa_finish_key_creation`, the linearization point of a successful call is the linearization point of the call to `psa_finish_key_creation`. The linearization point of an unsuccessful call is the linearization point of the call to `psa_fail_key_creation`.
+* `psa_key_derivation_output_key` - Same as above. If the operation object is in use by multiple threads, the behaviour need not be linearizable.
+
+Library functions which operate on a slot will return `PSA_ERROR_BAD_STATE` if the slot is in an inappropriate state for the function at the linearization point.
+
+##### Key slot state transition diagram
+
+![](key-slot-state-transitions.png)
+
+In the state transition diagram above, an arrow between two states `q1` and `q2` with label `f` indicates that if the state of a slot is `q1` immediately before `f`'s linearization point, it may be `q2` immediately after `f`'s linearization point.
+
+##### Generating the key slot state transition diagram from source
+
+To generate the state transition diagram in https://app.diagrams.net/, open the following url:
+
+https://viewer.diagrams.net/?tags=%7B%7D&highlight=FFFFFF&edit=_blank&layers=1&nav=1&title=key-slot-state-transitions#R5Vxbd5s4EP4t%2B%2BDH5iAJcXms4ySbrdtNT7qX9MWHgGyrxcABHNv59SsM2EhgDBhs3PVL0CANoBl9fDMaMkC3i%2FWDb3jzz65F7AGUrPUAjQYQAqBh9ieSbGKJIqFYMPOplXTaC57pO0mEUiJdUosEXMfQde2QerzQdB2HmCEnM3zfXfHdpq7NX9UzZiQneDYNOy%2F9h1rhPJZqUN3Lfyd0Nk%2BvDBQ9PrMw0s7JkwRzw3JXGRG6G6Bb33XD%2BGixviV2NHnpvMTj7g%2Bc3d2YT5ywyoDv4H08%2Ffvxj9VX3XGGw5cf3o9PHxJjvBn2MnngAVRspm9o0Td2OIsO7%2F8aj1Mx0585U9B5bgQTnxgW8YP07Ksv9he1bOcn3KSTzm6c2Zc1hqs5DcmzZ5jRmRVzsegK4cJmLcAOjcCLjT6la2LtVGUnJZmnN%2BKHZJ0RJZP0QNwFCf0N65KclbXEYDuPTdqrjP0T0Txj%2BlRmJB4322neG4UdJHapYSMACowkzphjfYy8nbVM2wgCavIT5btLx4pmaCSxFpscf%2FNvcmrbeMk2Rutsv9Emba1puBvEjl8y8v2QqJGOOGiNwF36Jjnul6Hhz0hY0k%2BO%2BxGLW8V522Zshwtsl8p8YhshfePXfpFBkys8uZQ92UHXwYrgE%2FFzJ6Oya1VUpOo3euancWplJKiNpymnduttu0k4wQFhzgGXjk9mNAiJv13seX9kBhkbr%2BxlwK9Xm86cyEeZQxCfCaJlSRnafkxOLKhlRTqGPgnou%2FG61Re5khc93PZx8XCAR4XOVb56RADYvTOSq3CwXAQM0g2UVJ2zxAd4mt%2BkaoAwxJ1OA9KNLasA%2Ft3np28v14nevQNvvXXwTmBYysAwKIXhHdxLWbiXjsB9c%2FCGFcEb9Au8ec%2FJgWxl7D7yDugYrFO6mXE4LzAmU4Pak59kMzEZXofUdfoM2ema6SNkJ5ohp1Qc3x1%2B51%2FF94%2Fj8eOXh17DMFIuDMNyldderTjnt18u0Lm4kXAVIz3dfRlt3b2inUZ347tvj39%2BuU4b9Y7PqF3RmepRZbPotTmdSdNOx%2BgM7BWdgRJ7%2BWkyVAGLJmWs8G9BLCs3KsAq1FTMGkhQX5XrAEUgTfJ5yY5WyHXYFSdk4YWbLeEJbDfsMdlJF1Qfuc5OjXwuegOKXtTt48sNbhIwxaMuGjL1K98VYYwkpRijMDjg0QBEWawUZJAmqc1QRpYElGG%2BjgSX7DoFVow0U%2BrQYH41cVW6uE7Gmg%2FM7rKu8mCDWvEpRSvUegboKaKfgi3Npf%2B2RZaYbZwv51492dMcg6rm3FGvMEhWMecwitowb4MVQZHIoQ9ADPMBY5PplizPwzes82imSlL5fUGhPzjSX9bK9LOD%2BI6bLp7RUDYBfTA9%2B50sH%2Bkz%2Fvi0rha6CVsGFQO4lNEZjjWxXfNnhtTV0GDabkCiobVGeUtm8uyo%2BtFjf9A%2FtVEb6A%2BQxntZO1k1nr5CfC7sR0X74K3QzixwVwxrMzyz2zy9XBHw%2B5WnhyrkvATjhoAPDuVWzsQpUVGsUwhDFglC392cDl%2FtQGVvIW63jFsIpmVN4aOZdBmc6L47HN5wkNc9xsmX4LfHwKs%2BTB6Eu57AE6N3mcwa0gBnbaSCorO1uaqsZpJ7CtDrXKQjHouQVn7P4l2iIzwWl%2BrvhsfmyyOup9JFbo3gsegeC47bEvh1kUgsNGT7%2BxSXxrfW6BzsFV4iIbzFTesukCpkCSvG72153HXtRZQumlYiRF3YcmqLPqVZzC4ThIWzc5ZKrspbEzwMdbg1UTUtiHsNKwpoCitCPZfSXfFtMSMprufiQsLeAkprhVwRoECekbQVj%2FG7GF0UchXb9UxV%2FcehoQkMNYcTXBFO%2BhXVwQNJ%2BNpwAgWWonRXHlrsdrDA7XJpoFzQUyN9tKIeyeXoryNvXr5Q26jQ2H0P1y6IAXQhEMuT3pwlz55TOohNfcESIXHSeMcSbbNAGpahrMs6RBoS9XLVGbAS0NRNA7GnyV4F6PxNqBK6UaG0%2B6HyJwJ6qTIA6ijDze%2Bso%2BxSPoToZXqpfK3%2Fz9JLT3S5Hk%2FhRNNmX9%2B%2B338yHccr%2FIyqHfLGlZw1%2BiSzM%2BpWtRC2X0VqSKgew2JeqDLc4iOZqvaoW6HPVWJuEQOzXcOaeMQPIlxxwi0ZY%2Ffk1q%2Ba2Gp6XVI7pM4JakrLN66DGpaiQAuIiGVQGIie6Pxnq6CAl6wAqu9Cv9gXl1VT%2F1VL9%2Fa74OmW%2Brk2T%2Fnkbu57gsolw4KiqrUde0WnLBnW3P9fj7j7%2Fr%2BjoLv%2FAA%3D%3D
 
 #### Destruction of a key in use
 
-Problem: In [Key destruction long-term requirements](#key-destruction-long-term-requirements) we require that the key slot is destroyed (by `psa_wipe_key_slot`) even while it's in use (READING or WRITING).
+Problem: In [Key destruction long-term requirements](#key-destruction-long-term-requirements) we require that the key slot is destroyed (by `psa_wipe_key_slot`) even while it's in use (FILLING or with at least one reader).
 
 How do we ensure that? This needs something more sophisticated than mutexes (concurrency number >2)! Even a per-slot mutex isn't enough (we'd need a reader-writer lock).
 
@@ -310,11 +338,11 @@
 
 ##### Mutex only
 
-When calling `psa_wipe_key_slot` it is the callers responsibility to set the slot state to WRITING first. For most functions this is a clean UNUSED -> WRITING transition: psa_get_empty_key_slot, psa_get_and_lock_key_slot, psa_close_key, psa_purge_key.
+When calling `psa_wipe_key_slot` it is the callers responsibility to set the slot state to PENDING_DELETION first. For most functions this is a clean {FULL, !has_readers} -> PENDING_DELETION transition: psa_get_empty_key_slot, psa_get_and_lock_key_slot, psa_close_key, psa_purge_key.
 
 `psa_wipe_all_key_slots` is only called from `mbedtls_psa_crypto_free`, here we will need to return an error as we won't be able to free the key store if a key is in use without compromising the state of the secure side. This is acceptable as an untrusted application cannot call `mbedtls_psa_crypto_free` in a crypto service. In a service integration, `mbedtls_psa_crypto_free` on the client cuts the communication with the crypto service. Also, this is the current behaviour.
 
-`psa_destroy_key` marks the slot as deleted, deletes persistent keys and opaque keys and returns. This only works if drivers are protected by a mutex (and the persistent storage as well if needed). When the last reading operation finishes, it wipes the key slot. This will free the key ID, but the slot might be still in use. In case of volatile keys freeing up the ID while the slot is still in use does not provide any benefit and we don't need to do it.
+`psa_destroy_key` registers as a reader, marks the slot as deleted, deletes persistent keys and opaque keys and unregisters before returning. This will free the key ID, but the slot might be still in use. This only works if drivers are protected by a mutex (and the persistent storage as well if needed). `psa_destroy_key` transfers to PENDING_DELETION as an intermediate state. The last reading operation will wipe the key slot upon unregistering. In case of volatile keys freeing up the ID while the slot is still in use does not provide any benefit and we don't need to do it.
 
 These are serious limitations, but this can be implemented with mutexes only and arguably satisfies the [Key destruction short-term requirements](#key-destruction-short-term-requirements).
 
@@ -329,9 +357,9 @@
 
 #### Condition variables
 
-Clean UNUSED -> WRITING transition works as before.
+Clean UNUSED -> PENDING_DELETION transition works as before.
 
-`psa_wipe_all_key_slots` and `psa_destroy_key` mark the slot as deleted and go to sleep until the slot state becomes UNUSED. When waking up, they wipe the slot, and return.
+`psa_wipe_all_key_slots` and `psa_destroy_key` mark the slot as deleted and go to sleep until the slot has no registered readers. When waking up, they wipe the slot, and return.
 
 If the slot is already marked as deleted the threads calling `psa_wipe_all_key_slots` and `psa_destroy_key` go to sleep until the deletion completes. To satisfy [Key destruction long-term requirements](#key-destruction-long-term-requirements) none of the threads may return from the call until the slot is deleted completely. This can be achieved by signalling them when the slot has already been wiped and ready for use, that is not marked for deletion anymore. To handle spurious wake-ups, these threads need to be able to tell whether the slot was already deleted. This is not trivial, because by the time the thread wakes up, theoretically the slot might be in any state. It might have been reused and maybe even marked for deletion again.
 
@@ -354,7 +382,7 @@
 
 #### Drivers
 
-Each driver that hasn’t got the "thread_safe” property set  has a dedicated mutex.
+Each driver that hasn’t got the "thread_safe” property set has a dedicated mutex.
 
 Implementing "thread_safe” drivers depends on the condition variable protection in the key store, as we must guarantee that the core never starts the destruction of a key while there are operations in progress on it.
 
diff --git a/library/ssl_tls.c b/library/ssl_tls.c
index 1536d04..e1fb128 100644
--- a/library/ssl_tls.c
+++ b/library/ssl_tls.c
@@ -8215,14 +8215,6 @@
     psa_status_t status = PSA_ERROR_CORRUPTION_DETECTED;
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C) && \
-    !defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_DTLS_CONNECTION_ID)
-    if (ssl->f_export_keys == NULL) {
-        ssl = NULL; /* make sure we don't use it except for these cases */
-        (void) ssl;
-    }
-#endif
-
     /*
      * Some data just needs copying into the structure
      */
@@ -8494,7 +8486,7 @@
         goto end;
     }
 
-    if (ssl != NULL && ssl->f_export_keys != NULL) {
+    if (ssl->f_export_keys != NULL) {
         ssl->f_export_keys(ssl->p_export_keys,
                            MBEDTLS_SSL_KEY_EXPORT_TLS12_MASTER_SECRET,
                            master, 48,
diff --git a/library/ssl_tls12_server.c b/library/ssl_tls12_server.c
index f905e65..5a9f6ca 100644
--- a/library/ssl_tls12_server.c
+++ b/library/ssl_tls12_server.c
@@ -1128,11 +1128,11 @@
     msg_len -= mbedtls_ssl_hs_hdr_len(ssl);
 
     /*
-     * ClientHello layer:
+     * ClientHello layout:
      *     0  .   1   protocol version
      *     2  .  33   random bytes (starting with 4 bytes of Unix time)
-     *    34  .  35   session id length (1 byte)
-     *    35  . 34+x  session id
+     *    34  .  34   session id length (1 byte)
+     *    35  . 34+x  session id, where x = session id length from byte 34
      *   35+x . 35+x  DTLS only: cookie length (1 byte)
      *   36+x .  ..   DTLS only: cookie
      *    ..  .  ..   ciphersuite list length (2 bytes)
diff --git a/programs/Makefile b/programs/Makefile
index ebdadc0..64f7cc1 100644
--- a/programs/Makefile
+++ b/programs/Makefile
@@ -1,21 +1,10 @@
+MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH = ../tests
+# Support code used by test programs and test builds, excluding TLS-specific
+# code which is in the src/test_helpers subdirectory.
+MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(wildcard ${MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH}/src/*.c ${MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH}/src/drivers/*.c))
 
-# To compile on SunOS: add "-lsocket -lnsl" to LDFLAGS
-
-CFLAGS	?= -O2
-WARNING_CFLAGS ?= -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wno-format-nonliteral
-WARNING_CXXFLAGS ?= -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wno-format-nonliteral
-LDFLAGS ?=
-
-MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH:=../tests/src
-MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS:=$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(wildcard ${MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH}/*.c ${MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH}/drivers/*.c))
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS = $(WARNING_CFLAGS) -I../tests/include -I../include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
-LOCAL_CXXFLAGS = $(WARNING_CXXFLAGS) -I../include -I../tests/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
-LOCAL_LDFLAGS = ${MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS} 		\
-		-L../library 			\
-		-lmbedtls$(SHARED_SUFFIX)	\
-		-lmbedx509$(SHARED_SUFFIX)	\
-		-lmbedcrypto$(SHARED_SUFFIX)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS = $(WARNING_CFLAGS) -I$(MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH)/include -I../include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
+include ../scripts/common.make
 
 ifeq ($(shell uname -s),Linux)
 DLOPEN_LDFLAGS ?= -ldl
@@ -23,44 +12,8 @@
 DLOPEN_LDFLAGS ?=
 endif
 
-include ../3rdparty/Makefile.inc
-LOCAL_CFLAGS+=$(THIRDPARTY_INCLUDES)
-
-ifndef SHARED
-MBEDLIBS=../library/libmbedcrypto.a ../library/libmbedx509.a ../library/libmbedtls.a
-else
-MBEDLIBS=../library/libmbedcrypto.$(DLEXT) ../library/libmbedx509.$(DLEXT) ../library/libmbedtls.$(DLEXT)
-endif
 DEP=${MBEDLIBS} ${MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS}
 
-ifdef DEBUG
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -g3
-endif
-
-# if we're running on Windows, build for Windows
-ifdef WINDOWS
-WINDOWS_BUILD=1
-endif
-
-ifdef WINDOWS_BUILD
-DLEXT=dll
-EXEXT=.exe
-LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -lws2_32 -lbcrypt
-ifdef SHARED
-SHARED_SUFFIX=.$(DLEXT)
-endif
-else
-DLEXT ?= so
-EXEXT=
-SHARED_SUFFIX=
-endif
-
-ifdef WINDOWS
-PYTHON ?= python
-else
-PYTHON ?= $(shell if type python3 >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then echo python3; else echo python; fi)
-endif
-
 # Only build the dlopen test in shared library builds, and not when building
 # for Windows.
 ifdef BUILD_DLOPEN
@@ -168,9 +121,6 @@
 fuzz: ${MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS}
 	$(MAKE) -C fuzz THIRDPARTY_INCLUDES=$(THIRDPARTY_INCLUDES)
 
-$(MBEDLIBS):
-	$(MAKE) -C ../library
-
 ${MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS}:
 	$(MAKE) -C ../tests mbedtls_test
 
@@ -178,14 +128,6 @@
 GENERATED_FILES = psa/psa_constant_names_generated.c test/query_config.c
 generated_files: $(GENERATED_FILES)
 
-# See root Makefile
-GEN_FILES ?= yes
-ifdef GEN_FILES
-gen_file_dep =
-else
-gen_file_dep = |
-endif
-
 psa/psa_constant_names_generated.c: $(gen_file_dep) ../scripts/generate_psa_constants.py
 psa/psa_constant_names_generated.c: $(gen_file_dep) ../include/psa/crypto_values.h
 psa/psa_constant_names_generated.c: $(gen_file_dep) ../include/psa/crypto_extra.h
@@ -487,12 +429,5 @@
 endif
 	$(MAKE) -C fuzz clean
 
-neat: clean
-ifndef WINDOWS
-	rm -f $(GENERATED_FILES)
-else
-	for %f in ($(subst /,\,$(GENERATED_FILES))) if exist %f del /Q /F %f
-endif
-
 list:
 	echo $(EXES)
diff --git a/scripts/common.make b/scripts/common.make
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f27d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/common.make
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# To compile on SunOS: add "-lsocket -lnsl" to LDFLAGS
+
+CFLAGS	?= -O2
+WARNING_CFLAGS ?= -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wno-format-nonliteral
+WARNING_CXXFLAGS ?= -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wno-format-nonliteral
+LDFLAGS ?=
+
+LOCAL_CFLAGS = $(WARNING_CFLAGS) -I../tests/include -I../include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
+LOCAL_CXXFLAGS = $(WARNING_CXXFLAGS) -I../include -I../tests/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
+LOCAL_LDFLAGS = ${MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS} 		\
+		-L../library			\
+		-lmbedtls$(SHARED_SUFFIX)	\
+		-lmbedx509$(SHARED_SUFFIX)	\
+		-lmbedcrypto$(SHARED_SUFFIX)
+
+include ../3rdparty/Makefile.inc
+LOCAL_CFLAGS+=$(THIRDPARTY_INCLUDES)
+
+ifndef SHARED
+MBEDLIBS=../library/libmbedcrypto.a ../library/libmbedx509.a ../library/libmbedtls.a
+else
+MBEDLIBS=../library/libmbedcrypto.$(DLEXT) ../library/libmbedx509.$(DLEXT) ../library/libmbedtls.$(DLEXT)
+endif
+
+ifdef DEBUG
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -g3
+endif
+
+# if we're running on Windows, build for Windows
+ifdef WINDOWS
+WINDOWS_BUILD=1
+endif
+
+## Usage: $(call remove_enabled_options,PREPROCESSOR_INPUT)
+## Remove the preprocessor symbols that are set in the current configuration
+## from PREPROCESSOR_INPUT. Also normalize whitespace.
+## Example:
+##   $(call remove_set_options,MBEDTLS_FOO MBEDTLS_BAR)
+## This expands to an empty string "" if MBEDTLS_FOO and MBEDTLS_BAR are both
+## enabled, to "MBEDTLS_FOO" if MBEDTLS_BAR is enabled but MBEDTLS_FOO is
+## disabled, etc.
+##
+## This only works with a Unix-like shell environment (Bourne/POSIX-style shell
+## and standard commands) and a Unix-like compiler (supporting -E). In
+## other environments, the output is likely to be empty.
+define remove_enabled_options
+$(strip $(shell
+  exec 2>/dev/null;
+  { echo '#include <mbedtls/build_info.h>'; echo $(1); } |
+  $(CC) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -E - |
+  tail -n 1
+))
+endef
+
+ifdef WINDOWS_BUILD
+  DLEXT=dll
+  EXEXT=.exe
+  LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -lws2_32 -lbcrypt
+  ifdef SHARED
+    SHARED_SUFFIX=.$(DLEXT)
+  endif
+
+else # Not building for Windows
+  DLEXT ?= so
+  EXEXT=
+  SHARED_SUFFIX=
+  ifndef THREADING
+    # Auto-detect configurations with pthread.
+    # If the call to remove_enabled_options returns "control", the symbols
+    # are confirmed set and we link with pthread.
+    # If the auto-detection fails, the result of the call is empty and
+    # we keep THREADING undefined.
+    ifeq (control,$(call remove_enabled_options,control MBEDTLS_THREADING_C MBEDTLS_THREADING_PTHREAD))
+      THREADING := pthread
+    endif
+  endif
+
+  ifeq ($(THREADING),pthread)
+    LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -lpthread
+  endif
+endif
+
+ifdef WINDOWS
+PYTHON ?= python
+else
+PYTHON ?= $(shell if type python3 >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then echo python3; else echo python; fi)
+endif
+
+# See root Makefile
+GEN_FILES ?= yes
+ifdef GEN_FILES
+gen_file_dep =
+else
+gen_file_dep = |
+endif
+
+default: all
+
+$(MBEDLIBS):
+	$(MAKE) -C ../library
+
+neat: clean
+ifndef WINDOWS
+	rm -f $(GENERATED_FILES)
+else
+	for %f in ($(subst /,\,$(GENERATED_FILES))) if exist %f del /Q /F %f
+endif
diff --git a/tests/Makefile b/tests/Makefile
index 29197b7..7a10af2 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile
+++ b/tests/Makefile
@@ -1,82 +1,20 @@
-
-# To compile on SunOS: add "-lsocket -lnsl" to LDFLAGS
-
-CFLAGS	?= -O2
-WARNING_CFLAGS ?= -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wno-format-nonliteral
-LDFLAGS ?=
+include ../scripts/common.make
 
 # Set this to -v to see the details of failing test cases
 TEST_FLAGS ?= $(if $(filter-out 0 OFF Off off NO No no FALSE False false N n,$(CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE)),-v,)
 
-default: all
-
-# Include public header files from ../include, test-specific header files
-# from ./include, and private header files (used by some invasive tests)
-# from ../library.
-LOCAL_CFLAGS = $(WARNING_CFLAGS) -I./include -I../include -I../library -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
-LOCAL_LDFLAGS = -L../library			\
-		-lmbedtls$(SHARED_SUFFIX)	\
-		-lmbedx509$(SHARED_SUFFIX)	\
-		-lmbedcrypto$(SHARED_SUFFIX)
-
-include ../3rdparty/Makefile.inc
-LOCAL_CFLAGS+=$(THIRDPARTY_INCLUDES)
+# Also include library headers, for the sake of invasive tests.
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -I../library
 
 # Enable definition of various functions used throughout the testsuite
 # (gethostname, strdup, fileno...) even when compiling with -std=c99. Harmless
 # on non-POSIX platforms.
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L
 
-ifndef SHARED
-MBEDLIBS=../library/libmbedcrypto.a ../library/libmbedx509.a ../library/libmbedtls.a
-else
-MBEDLIBS=../library/libmbedcrypto.$(DLEXT) ../library/libmbedx509.$(DLEXT) ../library/libmbedtls.$(DLEXT)
-endif
-
-ifdef DEBUG
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -g3
-endif
-
 ifdef RECORD_PSA_STATUS_COVERAGE_LOG
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Werror -DRECORD_PSA_STATUS_COVERAGE_LOG
 endif
 
-# if we're running on Windows, build for Windows
-ifdef WINDOWS
-WINDOWS_BUILD=1
-endif
-
-ifdef WINDOWS_BUILD
-DLEXT=dll
-EXEXT=.exe
-LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -lws2_32 -lbcrypt
-ifdef SHARED
-SHARED_SUFFIX=.$(DLEXT)
-endif
-else
-DLEXT ?= so
-EXEXT=
-SHARED_SUFFIX=
-
-ifeq ($(THREADING),pthread)
-LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -lpthread
-endif
-endif
-
-ifdef WINDOWS
-PYTHON ?= python
-else
-PYTHON ?= $(shell if type python3 >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then echo python3; else echo python; fi)
-endif
-
-# See root Makefile
-GEN_FILES ?= yes
-ifdef GEN_FILES
-gen_file_dep =
-else
-gen_file_dep = |
-endif
-
 .PHONY: generated_files
 GENERATED_BIGNUM_DATA_FILES := $(patsubst tests/%,%,$(shell \
 	$(PYTHON) scripts/generate_bignum_tests.py --list || \
@@ -171,10 +109,9 @@
 
 all: $(BINARIES)
 
-$(MBEDLIBS):
-	$(MAKE) -C ../library
-
-MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS=$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(wildcard src/*.c src/drivers/*.c src/test_helpers/*.c))
+MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH = .
+MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(wildcard ${MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH}/src/*.c ${MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH}/src/drivers/*.c))
+MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS += $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(wildcard ${MBEDTLS_TEST_PATH}/src/test_helpers/*.c))
 
 mbedtls_test: $(MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS)
 
@@ -230,7 +167,7 @@
 
 $(BINARIES): %$(EXEXT): %.c $(MBEDLIBS) $(TEST_OBJS_DEPS) $(MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS)
 	echo "  CC    $<"
-	$(CC) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< $(MBEDTLS_TEST_OBJS) $(LOCAL_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
+	$(CC) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< $(LOCAL_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
 
 clean:
 ifndef WINDOWS
@@ -251,13 +188,6 @@
 	if exist include/test/instrument_record_status.h del /Q /F include/test/instrument_record_status.h
 endif
 
-neat: clean
-ifndef WINDOWS
-	rm -f $(GENERATED_FILES)
-else
-	for %f in ($(subst /,\,$(GENERATED_FILES))) if exist %f del /Q /F %f
-endif
-
 # Test suites caught by SKIP_TEST_SUITES are built but not executed.
 check: $(BINARIES)
 	perl scripts/run-test-suites.pl $(TEST_FLAGS) --skip=$(SKIP_TEST_SUITES)
diff --git a/tests/scripts/all.sh b/tests/scripts/all.sh
index 27bfbfa..1af9232 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/all.sh
+++ b/tests/scripts/all.sh
@@ -220,9 +220,6 @@
         esac
         SUPPORTED_COMPONENTS="$SUPPORTED_COMPONENTS $component"
     done
-
-    # Option to enable linking with pthreads under make
-    MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS="THREADING=pthread"
 }
 
 # Test whether the component $1 is included in the command line patterns.
@@ -937,7 +934,7 @@
 # Here "things" are PSA_WANT_ symbols but with PSA_WANT_ removed.
 helper_libtestdriver1_make_drivers() {
     loc_accel_flags=$( echo "$1 ${2-}" | sed 's/[^ ]* */-DLIBTESTDRIVER1_MBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_&/g' )
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC -C tests libtestdriver1.a CFLAGS=" $ASAN_CFLAGS $loc_accel_flags" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC -C tests libtestdriver1.a CFLAGS=" $ASAN_CFLAGS $loc_accel_flags" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # Build the main libraries, programs and tests,
@@ -955,7 +952,7 @@
     # we need flags both with and without the LIBTESTDRIVER1_ prefix
     loc_accel_flags=$( echo "$loc_accel_list" | sed 's/[^ ]* */-DLIBTESTDRIVER1_MBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_&/g' )
     loc_accel_flags="$loc_accel_flags $( echo "$loc_accel_list" | sed 's/[^ ]* */-DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_&/g' )"
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -I../tests/include -I../tests -I../../tests -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_TEST_LIBTESTDRIVER1 $loc_accel_flags" LDFLAGS="-ltestdriver1 $ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS "$@"
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -I../tests/include -I../tests -I../../tests -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_TEST_LIBTESTDRIVER1 $loc_accel_flags" LDFLAGS="-ltestdriver1 $ASAN_CFLAGS" "$@"
 }
 
 ################################################################
@@ -1450,7 +1447,7 @@
     # When MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO is disabled and there is no DRBG,
     # the SSL test programs don't have an RNG and can't work. Explicitly
     # make them use the PSA RNG with -DMBEDTLS_TEST_USE_PSA_CRYPTO_RNG.
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DMBEDTLS_TEST_USE_PSA_CRYPTO_RNG" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DMBEDTLS_TEST_USE_PSA_CRYPTO_RNG" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: PSA_CRYPTO_EXTERNAL_RNG minus *_DRBG, classic crypto - main suites"
     make test
@@ -1469,7 +1466,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_HMAC_DRBG_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_ECDSA_DETERMINISTIC # requires HMAC_DRBG
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: PSA_CRYPTO_EXTERNAL_RNG minus *_DRBG, PSA crypto - main suites"
     make test
@@ -1484,7 +1481,7 @@
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_EXTERNAL_RNG
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: full + PSA_CRYPTO_EXTERNAL_RNG + USE_PSA_CRYPTO minus CTR_DRBG"
     make test
@@ -1502,7 +1499,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_NV_SEED_ALT
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_STD_NV_SEED_READ
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_STD_NV_SEED_WRITE
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS '-DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE=\"../tests/configs/user-config-for-test.h\"'" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS '-DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE=\"../tests/configs/user-config-for-test.h\"'" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: full + MBEDTLS_PSA_INJECT_ENTROPY"
     make test
@@ -1536,14 +1533,14 @@
 
     # Note: MD-light is auto-enabled in build_info.h by modules that need it,
     # which we haven't disabled, so no need to explicitly enable it.
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     # Make sure we don't have the HMAC functions, but the hashing functions
     not grep mbedtls_md_hmac library/md.o
     grep mbedtls_md library/md.o
 
     msg "test: crypto_full with only the light subset of MD"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 }
 
 component_test_full_no_cipher () {
@@ -1569,7 +1566,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_PRIVATE
 
     msg "test: full no CIPHER no PSA_CRYPTO_C"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 }
 
 # This is a common configurator and test function that is used in:
@@ -1618,7 +1615,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_PKCS12_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_PKCS5_C
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     # Ensure that CIPHER_C was not re-enabled
     not grep mbedtls_cipher_init library/cipher.o
@@ -1651,7 +1648,7 @@
     # PSA_WANT_ALG_CCM to be re-enabled.
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_CCM
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test: full no PSA_WANT_ALG_CCM"
     make test
@@ -1679,7 +1676,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_CBC_NO_PADDING
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_CBC_PKCS7
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     # Ensure MBEDTLS_PSA_BUILTIN_CIPHER was not enabled
     not grep mbedtls_psa_cipher library/psa_crypto_cipher.o
@@ -1736,7 +1733,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_SSL_ASYNC_PRIVATE
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_X509_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE_CALLBACK
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test: full minus bignum"
     make test
@@ -2014,7 +2011,7 @@
 component_test_psa_collect_statuses () {
   msg "build+test: psa_collect_statuses" # ~30s
   scripts/config.py full
-  tests/scripts/psa_collect_statuses.py --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+  tests/scripts/psa_collect_statuses.py
   # Check that psa_crypto_init() succeeded at least once
   grep -q '^0:psa_crypto_init:' tests/statuses.log
   rm -f tests/statuses.log
@@ -2193,7 +2190,7 @@
 component_test_full_no_deprecated () {
     msg "build: make, full_no_deprecated config" # ~ 30s
     scripts/config.py full_no_deprecated
-    make CFLAGS='-O -Werror -Wall -Wextra' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS='-O -Werror -Wall -Wextra'
 
     msg "test: make, full_no_deprecated config" # ~ 5s
     make test
@@ -2210,7 +2207,7 @@
     scripts/config.py full_no_deprecated
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_WARNING
-    make CFLAGS='-O -Werror -Wall -Wextra' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS='-O -Werror -Wall -Wextra'
 
     msg "test: make, full_no_deprecated config, MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_WARNING" # ~ 5s
     make test
@@ -2232,7 +2229,7 @@
     # By default those are disabled when MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_WARNING is set.
     # Expect warnings from '#warning' directives in check_config.h and
     # from the use of deprecated functions in test suites.
-    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-O -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wno-error=deprecated-declarations -Wno-error=cpp -DMBEDTLS_TEST_DEPRECATED' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS tests
+    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-O -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wno-error=deprecated-declarations -Wno-error=cpp -DMBEDTLS_TEST_DEPRECATED' tests
 
     msg "test: full config + MBEDTLS_TEST_DEPRECATED" # ~ 30s
     make test
@@ -2257,7 +2254,7 @@
 component_build_crypto_full () {
   msg "build: make, crypto only, full config"
   scripts/config.py crypto_full
-  make CFLAGS='-O1 -Werror' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+  make CFLAGS='-O1 -Werror'
   are_empty_libraries library/libmbedx509.* library/libmbedtls.*
 }
 
@@ -2317,73 +2314,73 @@
 # depends.py family of tests
 component_test_depends_py_cipher_id () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py cipher_id (gcc)"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_id --unset-use-psa --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_id --unset-use-psa
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_cipher_chaining () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py cipher_chaining (gcc)"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_chaining --unset-use-psa --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_chaining --unset-use-psa
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_cipher_padding () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py cipher_padding (gcc)"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_padding --unset-use-psa --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_padding --unset-use-psa
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_curves () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py curves (gcc)"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py curves --unset-use-psa --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py curves --unset-use-psa
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_hashes () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py hashes (gcc)"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py hashes --unset-use-psa --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py hashes --unset-use-psa
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_kex () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py kex (gcc)"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py kex --unset-use-psa --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py kex --unset-use-psa
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_pkalgs () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py pkalgs (gcc)"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py pkalgs --unset-use-psa --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py pkalgs --unset-use-psa
 }
 
 # PSA equivalents of the depends.py tests
 component_test_depends_py_cipher_id_psa () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py cipher_id (gcc) with MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO defined"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_id --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_id
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_cipher_chaining_psa () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py cipher_chaining (gcc) with MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO defined"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_chaining --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_chaining
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_cipher_padding_psa () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py cipher_padding (gcc) with MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO defined"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_padding --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py cipher_padding
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_curves_psa () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py curves (gcc) with MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO defined"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py curves --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py curves
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_hashes_psa () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py hashes (gcc) with MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO defined"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py hashes --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py hashes
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_kex_psa () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py kex (gcc) with MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO defined"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py kex --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py kex
 }
 
 component_test_depends_py_pkalgs_psa () {
     msg "test/build: depends.py pkalgs (gcc) with MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO defined"
-    tests/scripts/depends.py pkalgs --make-vars="$MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS"
+    tests/scripts/depends.py pkalgs
 }
 
 component_build_no_pk_rsa_alt_support () {
@@ -2395,7 +2392,7 @@
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_WRITE_C
 
     # Only compile - this is primarily to test for compile issues
-    make CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -I../tests/include/alt-dummy' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -I../tests/include/alt-dummy'
 }
 
 component_build_module_alt () {
@@ -2609,7 +2606,7 @@
     # Disable things that are not supported
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_KEY_EXCHANGE_DHE_PSK_ENABLED
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_KEY_EXCHANGE_DHE_RSA_ENABLED
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test suites: full with non-accelerated FFDH alg"
     make test
@@ -2648,7 +2645,7 @@
     # -------------
 
     msg "test: full with accelerated PAKE"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 }
 
 component_test_psa_crypto_config_accel_ecc_some_key_types () {
@@ -2708,7 +2705,7 @@
     # -------------
 
     msg "test suites: full with accelerated EC algs and some key types"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 }
 
 # Run tests with only (non-)Weierstrass accelerated
@@ -2907,7 +2904,7 @@
     # -------------
 
     msg "test suites: full with accelerated EC algs"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 
     msg "ssl-opt: full with accelerated EC algs"
     tests/ssl-opt.sh
@@ -2919,7 +2916,7 @@
 
     config_psa_crypto_config_ecp_light_only 0
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test suites: full with non-accelerated EC algs"
     make test
@@ -3012,7 +3009,7 @@
     # -------------
 
     msg "test: full + accelerated EC algs - ECP"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 
     msg "ssl-opt: full + accelerated EC algs - ECP"
     tests/ssl-opt.sh
@@ -3026,7 +3023,7 @@
 
     config_psa_crypto_no_ecp_at_all 0
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test: full + non accelerated EC algs"
     make test
@@ -3189,7 +3186,7 @@
 
     msg "test suites: full + accelerated $accel_text algs + USE_PSA - $removed_text - DHM - BIGNUM"
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 
     msg "ssl-opt: full + accelerated $accel_text algs + USE_PSA - $removed_text - BIGNUM"
     tests/ssl-opt.sh
@@ -3220,7 +3217,7 @@
 
     config_psa_crypto_config_accel_ecc_ffdh_no_bignum 0 "$test_target"
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test suites: full + non accelerated EC algs + USE_PSA"
     make test
@@ -3339,7 +3336,7 @@
         scripts/config.py unset $sym
     done
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test: full minus something, test TLS"
     ( cd tests; ./test_suite_ssl )
@@ -3378,7 +3375,7 @@
     # crypto_config.h so we just disable the one we don't want.
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset "$disabled_psa_want"
 
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: full - MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO - ${disabled_psa_want}"
     make test
@@ -3444,7 +3441,7 @@
     # -------------
 
     msg "test: crypto_full with accelerated RSA"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 }
 
 component_test_psa_crypto_config_reference_rsa_crypto () {
@@ -3456,7 +3453,7 @@
 
     # Build
     # -----
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     # Run the tests
     # -------------
@@ -3658,7 +3655,7 @@
 
     config_psa_crypto_hash_use_psa 0
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test: full without accelerated hashes"
     make test
@@ -3823,7 +3820,7 @@
     # -------------
 
     msg "test: full config with accelerated cipher and AEAD"
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make test
 
     msg "ssl-opt: full config with accelerated cipher and AEAD"
     tests/ssl-opt.sh
@@ -3836,7 +3833,7 @@
     msg "build: full config with non-accelerated cipher and AEAD"
     common_psa_crypto_config_accel_cipher_aead
 
-    make $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make
 
     msg "test: full config with non-accelerated cipher and AEAD"
     make test
@@ -3853,7 +3850,7 @@
     scripts/config.py full
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_CHACHAPOLY_C
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_CHACHA20_POLY1305
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: full minus CHACHAPOLY"
     make test
@@ -3866,7 +3863,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_GCM_C
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_CHACHA20_POLY1305
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_GCM
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: full minus CHACHAPOLY and GCM"
     make test
@@ -3897,7 +3894,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_KEY_EXCHANGE_ECDHE_RSA_ENABLED
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_KEY_EXCHANGE_ECDHE_PSK_ENABLED
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_ECDH -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_ECDH -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator HMAC code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -3907,7 +3904,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_HMAC -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_HMAC -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator HKDF code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -3920,7 +3917,7 @@
     # Make sure to unset TLS1_3 since it requires HKDF_C and will not build properly without it.
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_HKDF -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_HKDF -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator MD5 code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -3939,7 +3936,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_PRIVATE
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_MD5 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_MD5 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator RIPEMD160 code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -3958,7 +3955,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_PRIVATE
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RIPEMD160 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RIPEMD160 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator SHA1 code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -3977,7 +3974,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_PRIVATE
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_1 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_1 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator SHA224 code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -3993,7 +3990,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_SHA_512
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_TLS12_ECJPAKE_TO_PMS
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_224 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_224 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator SHA256 code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4009,7 +4006,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_SHA_384
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_SHA_512
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_256 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_256 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator SHA384 code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4027,7 +4024,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_PRIVATE
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_384 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_384 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator SHA512 code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4046,7 +4043,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_LMS_PRIVATE
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_512 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_SHA_512 -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator RSA code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4060,7 +4057,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_OAEP
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_PKCS1V15_CRYPT -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_PKCS1V15_CRYPT -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator RSA code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4074,7 +4071,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_OAEP
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_PKCS1V15_SIGN -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_PKCS1V15_SIGN -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator RSA code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4088,7 +4085,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PKCS1V15_SIGN
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_OAEP -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_OAEP -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator RSA code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4102,7 +4099,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PKCS1V15_SIGN
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" unset PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_OAEP
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_PSS -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ALG_RSA_PSS -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator RSA code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4117,7 +4114,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" set PSA_WANT_KEY_TYPE_RSA_KEY_PAIR_EXPORT 1
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" set PSA_WANT_KEY_TYPE_RSA_KEY_PAIR_GENERATE 1
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_KEY_TYPE_RSA_KEY_PAIR -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_KEY_TYPE_RSA_KEY_PAIR -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 # This should be renamed to test and updated once the accelerator RSA code is in place and ready to test.
@@ -4129,7 +4126,7 @@
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" set PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS 1
     scripts/config.py -f "$CRYPTO_CONFIG_H" set PSA_WANT_KEY_TYPE_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY 1
     # Need to define the correct symbol and include the test driver header path in order to build with the test driver
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_KEY_TYPE_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -DPSA_CRYPTO_DRIVER_TEST -DMBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_KEY_TYPE_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY -I../tests/include" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 }
 
 
@@ -4298,7 +4295,7 @@
     # Note, _DEFAULT_SOURCE needs to be defined for platforms using glibc version >2.19,
     # to re-enable platform integration features otherwise disabled in C99 builds
     make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -std=c99 -pedantic -Os -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE' lib programs
-    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -Os' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS test
+    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -Os' test
 }
 
 component_build_no_std_function () {
@@ -4316,14 +4313,14 @@
     msg "build: full config except SSL server, make, gcc" # ~ 30s
     scripts/config.py full
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_SSL_SRV_C
-    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -O1' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -O1'
 }
 
 component_build_no_ssl_cli () {
     msg "build: full config except SSL client, make, gcc" # ~ 30s
     scripts/config.py full
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_SSL_CLI_C
-    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -O1' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -O1'
 }
 
 component_build_no_sockets () {
@@ -4498,7 +4495,7 @@
 component_test_malloc_0_null () {
     msg "build: malloc(0) returns NULL (ASan+UBSan build)"
     scripts/config.py full
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="'-DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE=\"$PWD/tests/configs/user-config-malloc-0-null.h\"' $ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="'-DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE=\"$PWD/tests/configs/user-config-malloc-0-null.h\"' $ASAN_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: malloc(0) returns NULL (ASan+UBSan build)"
     make test
@@ -5114,7 +5111,7 @@
     loc_cflags="${loc_cflags} '-DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE=\"../tests/configs/user-config-for-test.h\"'"
     loc_cflags="${loc_cflags} -I../tests/include -O2"
 
-    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="${loc_cflags}" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=$ASAN_CC CFLAGS="${loc_cflags}" LDFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: full + test drivers dispatching to builtins"
     make test
@@ -5141,7 +5138,7 @@
     $cc --version
     for opt in "$@"; do
           msg "build/test: $cc $opt, $info" # ~ 30s
-          make CC="$cc" CFLAGS="$opt -std=c99 -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -Werror" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+          make CC="$cc" CFLAGS="$opt -std=c99 -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -Werror"
           # We're confident enough in compilers to not run _all_ the tests,
           # but at least run the unit tests. In particular, runs with
           # optimizations use inline assembly whereas runs with -O0
@@ -5196,7 +5193,7 @@
     msg "build: make with MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE" # ~40s
     scripts/config.py -w full_config.h full
     echo '#error "MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE is not working"' >"$CONFIG_H"
-    make CFLAGS="-I '$PWD' -DMBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE='\"full_config.h\"'" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS="-I '$PWD' -DMBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE='\"full_config.h\"'"
     # Make sure this feature is enabled. We'll disable it in the next phase.
     programs/test/query_compile_time_config MBEDTLS_NIST_KW_C
     make clean
@@ -5205,7 +5202,7 @@
     # In the user config, disable one feature (for simplicity, pick a feature
     # that nothing else depends on).
     echo '#undef MBEDTLS_NIST_KW_C' >user_config.h
-    make CFLAGS="-I '$PWD' -DMBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE='\"full_config.h\"' -DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE='\"user_config.h\"'" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS="-I '$PWD' -DMBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE='\"full_config.h\"' -DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE='\"user_config.h\"'"
     not programs/test/query_compile_time_config MBEDTLS_NIST_KW_C
 
     rm -f user_config.h full_config.h
@@ -5264,7 +5261,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_HAVE_ASM
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_PADLOCK_C
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI for 32-bit is tested in test_aesni_m32
-    make CC=gcc CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -m32" LDFLAGS="-m32 $ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=gcc CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -m32" LDFLAGS="-m32 $ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: i386, make, gcc, no asm (ASan build)"
     make test
@@ -5282,7 +5279,7 @@
     msg "build: i386, make, gcc -O2 (ASan build)" # ~ 30s
     scripts/config.py full
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI for 32-bit is tested in test_aesni_m32
-    make CC=gcc CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -m32" LDFLAGS="-m32 $ASAN_CFLAGS" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=gcc CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -m32" LDFLAGS="-m32 $ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: i386, make, gcc -O2 (ASan build)"
     make test
@@ -5317,7 +5314,7 @@
 component_test_mx32 () {
     msg "build: 64-bit ILP32, make, gcc" # ~ 30s
     scripts/config.py full
-    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-O2 -Werror -Wall -Wextra -mx32' LDFLAGS='-mx32' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CC=gcc CFLAGS='-O2 -Werror -Wall -Wextra -mx32' LDFLAGS='-mx32'
 
     msg "test: 64-bit ILP32, make, gcc"
     make test
@@ -5381,7 +5378,7 @@
     msg "build: MBEDTLS_NO_UDBL_DIVISION native" # ~ 10s
     scripts/config.py full
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_NO_UDBL_DIVISION
-    make CFLAGS='-Werror -O1' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS='-Werror -O1'
 
     msg "test: MBEDTLS_NO_UDBL_DIVISION native" # ~ 10s
     make test
@@ -5391,7 +5388,7 @@
     msg "build: MBEDTLS_NO_64BIT_MULTIPLICATION native" # ~ 10s
     scripts/config.py full
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_NO_64BIT_MULTIPLICATION
-    make CFLAGS='-Werror -O1' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS='-Werror -O1'
 
     msg "test: MBEDTLS_NO_64BIT_MULTIPLICATION native" # ~ 10s
     make test
@@ -5405,7 +5402,7 @@
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_ERROR_C
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_ERROR_STRERROR_DUMMY
     scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_VERSION_FEATURES
-    make CFLAGS='-Werror -Os' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS='-Werror -Os'
 
     msg "test: no strings" # ~ 10s
     make test
@@ -5416,7 +5413,7 @@
     scripts/config.pl full
     scripts/config.pl unset MBEDTLS_MEMORY_BACKTRACE # too slow for tests
     scripts/config.pl set MBEDTLS_X509_REMOVE_INFO
-    make CFLAGS='-Werror -O2' $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS='-Werror -O2'
 
     msg "test: full + MBEDTLS_X509_REMOVE_INFO" # ~ 10s
     make test
@@ -6019,7 +6016,7 @@
     scripts/config.py full
 
     # Only compile - we're looking for sizeof-pointer-memaccess warnings
-    make CFLAGS="'-DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE=\"../tests/configs/user-config-zeroize-memset.h\"' -DMBEDTLS_TEST_DEFINES_ZEROIZE -Werror -Wsizeof-pointer-memaccess" $MAKE_THREADING_FLAGS
+    make CFLAGS="'-DMBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE=\"../tests/configs/user-config-zeroize-memset.h\"' -DMBEDTLS_TEST_DEFINES_ZEROIZE -Werror -Wsizeof-pointer-memaccess"
 }
 
 
diff --git a/tests/scripts/check_files.py b/tests/scripts/check_files.py
index a2a9dfa..f6f6d6c 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/check_files.py
+++ b/tests/scripts/check_files.py
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@
 
 BINARY_FILE_PATH_RE_LIST = [
     r'docs/.*\.pdf\Z',
+    r'docs/.*\.png\Z',
     r'programs/fuzz/corpuses/[^.]+\Z',
     r'tests/data_files/[^.]+\Z',
     r'tests/data_files/.*\.(crt|csr|db|der|key|pubkey)\Z',
@@ -317,6 +318,7 @@
 
     heading = "Tabs present:"
     suffix_exemptions = frozenset([
+        ".make",
         ".pem", # some openssl dumps have tabs
         ".sln",
         "/Makefile",
diff --git a/tests/scripts/depends.py b/tests/scripts/depends.py
index 25a15c4..1a84531 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/depends.py
+++ b/tests/scripts/depends.py
@@ -381,8 +381,7 @@
 
     def __init__(self, options, conf):
         """Gather data about the library and establish a list of domains to test."""
-        build_command = [options.make_command] + options.make_vars.split(' ') + \
-            ['CFLAGS=-Werror -O2']
+        build_command = [options.make_command, 'CFLAGS=-Werror -O2']
         build_and_test = [build_command, [options.make_command, 'test']]
         self.all_config_symbols = set(conf.settings.keys())
         # Find hash modules by name.
@@ -527,9 +526,6 @@
         parser.add_argument('--make-command', metavar='CMD',
                             help='Command to run instead of make (e.g. gmake)',
                             action='store', default='make')
-        parser.add_argument('--make-vars',
-                            help='optional variable/value pairs to pass to make',
-                            action='store', default='')
         parser.add_argument('--unset-use-psa',
                             help='Unset MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO before any test',
                             action='store_true', dest='unset_use_psa')
diff --git a/tests/scripts/psa_collect_statuses.py b/tests/scripts/psa_collect_statuses.py
index 6291d78..11bbebc 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/psa_collect_statuses.py
+++ b/tests/scripts/psa_collect_statuses.py
@@ -82,15 +82,10 @@
                                   cwd='tests',
                                   stdout=sys.stderr)
         with open(os.devnull, 'w') as devnull:
-            build_command = ['make', '-q'] + options.make_vars.split(' ') + \
-                            ['lib', 'tests']
-            make_q_ret = subprocess.call(build_command, stdout=devnull,
-                                         stderr=devnull)
-            print("blagh")
+            make_q_ret = subprocess.call(['make', '-q', 'lib', 'tests'],
+                                         stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
         if make_q_ret != 0:
-            build_command = ['make'] + options.make_vars.split(' ') + \
-                            ['RECORD_PSA_STATUS_COVERAGE_LOG=1']
-            subprocess.check_call(build_command,
+            subprocess.check_call(['make', 'RECORD_PSA_STATUS_COVERAGE_LOG=1'],
                                   stdout=sys.stderr)
             rebuilt = True
         subprocess.check_call(['make', 'test'],
@@ -117,9 +112,6 @@
                         help='Log file location (default: {})'.format(
                             DEFAULT_STATUS_LOG_FILE
                         ))
-    parser.add_argument('--make-vars',
-                        help='optional variable/value pairs to pass to make',
-                        action='store', default='')
     parser.add_argument('--psa-constant-names', metavar='PROGRAM',
                         default=DEFAULT_PSA_CONSTANT_NAMES,
                         help='Path to psa_constant_names (default: {})'.format(