diff --git a/include/mbedtls/build_info.h b/include/mbedtls/build_info.h
index ab4ceff..2498a73 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/build_info.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/build_info.h
@@ -36,13 +36,26 @@
 #include MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(MBEDTLS_CONFIG_VERSION) || \
+    MBEDTLS_CONFIG_VERSION != 1
+#error "Invalid config version, MBEDTLS_CONFIG_VERSION != 1"
+#endif
+
 /* Target and application specific configurations
  *
  * Allow user to override any previous default.
  *
  */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_VERSION)
+#error "MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_VERSION defined outside MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE"
+#endif
+
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE)
 #include MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE
+#if !defined(MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_VERSION) || \
+    MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_VERSION != MBEDTLS_CONFIG_VERSION
+#error "Version mismatch between config file and MBEDTLS_USER_CONFIG_FILE"
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG)
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/mbedtls_config.h b/include/mbedtls/mbedtls_config.h
index 5212fb3..af2c438 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/mbedtls_config.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/mbedtls_config.h
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
  *  limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#define MBEDTLS_CONFIG_VERSION 1
+
 /**
  * \name SECTION: System support
  *