diff --git a/include/psa/crypto.h b/include/psa/crypto.h
index 5ba16b9..2620af5 100644
--- a/include/psa/crypto.h
+++ b/include/psa/crypto.h
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@
  *       Once you have called this function on an attribute structure,
  *       you must call psa_reset_key_attributes() to free these resources.
  *
- * \param[in] handle            Handle to the key to query.
+ * \param[in] key               Identifier of the key to query.
  * \param[in,out] attributes    On success, the attributes of the key.
  *                              On failure, equivalent to a
  *                              freshly-initialized structure.
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_get_key_attributes(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_get_key_attributes(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                     psa_key_attributes_t *attributes);
 
 /** Reset a key attribute structure to a freshly initialized state.
@@ -387,94 +387,6 @@
  * @{
  */
 
-/** Open a handle to an existing persistent key.
- *
- * Open a handle to a persistent key. A key is persistent if it was created
- * with a lifetime other than #PSA_KEY_LIFETIME_VOLATILE. A persistent key
- * always has a nonzero key identifier, set with psa_set_key_id() when
- * creating the key. Implementations may provide additional pre-provisioned
- * keys that can be opened with psa_open_key(). Such keys have an application
- * key identifier in the vendor range, as documented in the description of
- * #psa_key_id_t.
- *
- * The application must eventually close the handle with psa_close_key() or
- * psa_destroy_key() to release associated resources. If the application dies
- * without calling one of these functions, the implementation should perform
- * the equivalent of a call to psa_close_key().
- *
- * Some implementations permit an application to open the same key multiple
- * times. If this is successful, each call to psa_open_key() will return a
- * different key handle.
- *
- * \note Applications that rely on opening a key multiple times will not be
- * portable to implementations that only permit a single key handle to be
- * opened. See also :ref:\`key-handles\`.
- *
- * \param key           The persistent identifier of the key.
- * \param[out] handle   On success, a handle to the key.
- *
- * \retval #PSA_SUCCESS
- *         Success. The application can now use the value of `*handle`
- *         to access the key.
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
- *         The implementation does not have sufficient resources to open the
- *         key. This can be due to reaching an implementation limit on the
- *         number of open keys, the number of open key handles, or available
- *         memory.
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_DOES_NOT_EXIST
- *         There is no persistent key with key identifier \p id.
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p id is not a valid persistent key identifier.
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
- *         The specified key exists, but the application does not have the
- *         permission to access it. Note that this specification does not
- *         define any way to create such a key, but it may be possible
- *         through implementation-specific means.
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_CORRUPTION_DETECTED
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_STORAGE_FAILURE
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_BAD_STATE
- *         The library has not been previously initialized by psa_crypto_init().
- *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
- *         results in this error code.
- */
-psa_status_t psa_open_key( mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
-                           psa_key_handle_t *handle );
-
-/** Close a key handle.
- *
- * If the handle designates a volatile key, this will destroy the key material
- * and free all associated resources, just like psa_destroy_key().
- *
- * If this is the last open handle to a persistent key, then closing the handle
- * will free all resources associated with the key in volatile memory. The key
- * data in persistent storage is not affected and can be opened again later
- * with a call to psa_open_key().
- *
- * Closing the key handle makes the handle invalid, and the key handle
- * must not be used again by the application.
- *
- * \note If the key handle was used to set up an active
- * :ref:\`multipart operation <multipart-operations>\`, then closing the
- * key handle can cause the multipart operation to fail. Applications should
- * maintain the key handle until after the multipart operation has finished.
- *
- * \param handle        The key handle to close.
- *                      If this is \c 0, do nothing and return \c PSA_SUCCESS.
- *
- * \retval #PSA_SUCCESS
- *         \p handle was a valid handle or \c 0. It is now closed.
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
- *         \p handle is not a valid handle nor \c 0.
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_CORRUPTION_DETECTED
- * \retval #PSA_ERROR_BAD_STATE
- *         The library has not been previously initialized by psa_crypto_init().
- *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
- *         results in this error code.
- */
-psa_status_t psa_close_key(psa_key_handle_t handle);
-
 /** Make a copy of a key.
  *
  * Copy key material from one location to another.
@@ -512,7 +424,10 @@
  * The effect of this function on implementation-defined attributes is
  * implementation-defined.
  *
- * \param source_handle     The key to copy. It must be a valid key handle.
+ * \param source_key        The key to copy. It must allow the usage
+ *                          PSA_KEY_USAGE_COPY. If a private or secret key is
+ *                          being copied outside of a secure element it must
+ *                          also allow PSA_KEY_USAGE_EXPORT.
  * \param[in] attributes    The attributes for the new key.
  *                          They are used as follows:
  *                          - The key type and size may be 0. If either is
@@ -526,12 +441,12 @@
  *                            the source key and \p attributes so that
  *                            both sets of restrictions apply, as
  *                            described in the documentation of this function.
- * \param[out] target_handle On success, a handle to the newly created key.
- *                          \c 0 on failure.
+ * \param[out] target_key   On success, an identifier for the newly created
+ *                          key. \c 0 on failure.
  *
  * \retval #PSA_SUCCESS
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
- *         \p source_handle is invalid.
+ *         \p source_key is invalid.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS
  *         This is an attempt to create a persistent key, and there is
  *         already a persistent key with the given identifier.
@@ -559,9 +474,9 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_copy_key(psa_key_handle_t source_handle,
+psa_status_t psa_copy_key(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t source_key,
                           const psa_key_attributes_t *attributes,
-                          psa_key_handle_t *target_handle);
+                          mbedtls_svc_key_id_t *target_key);
 
 
 /**
@@ -572,28 +487,22 @@
  * make a best effort to ensure that that the key material cannot be recovered.
  *
  * This function also erases any metadata such as policies and frees
- * resources associated with the key. To free all resources associated with
- * the key, all handles to the key must be closed or destroyed.
- *
- * Destroying the key makes the handle invalid, and the key handle
- * must not be used again by the application. Using other open handles to the
- * destroyed key in a cryptographic operation will result in an error.
+ * resources associated with the key.
  *
  * If a key is currently in use in a multipart operation, then destroying the
  * key will cause the multipart operation to fail.
  *
- * \param handle        Handle to the key to erase.
- *                      If this is \c 0, do nothing and return \c PSA_SUCCESS.
+ * \param key  Identifier of the key to erase. If this is \c 0, do nothing and
+ *             return PSA_SUCCESS.
  *
  * \retval #PSA_SUCCESS
- *         \p handle was a valid handle and the key material that it
- *         referred to has been erased.
- *         Alternatively, \p handle is \c 0.
+ *         \p key was a valid identifier and the key material that it
+ *         referred to has been erased. Alternatively, \p key is \c 0.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  *         The key cannot be erased because it is
  *         read-only, either due to a policy or due to physical restrictions.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
- *         \p handle is not a valid handle nor \c 0.
+ *         \p key is not a valid identifier nor \c 0.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE
  *         There was an failure in communication with the cryptoprocessor.
  *         The key material may still be present in the cryptoprocessor.
@@ -611,7 +520,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_destroy_key(psa_key_handle_t handle);
+psa_status_t psa_destroy_key(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key);
 
 /**@}*/
 
@@ -646,7 +555,7 @@
  *                          \p data buffer.
  *                          If the key size in \p attributes is nonzero,
  *                          it must be equal to the size from \p data.
- * \param[out] handle       On success, a handle to the newly created key.
+ * \param[out] key          On success, an identifier to the newly created key.
  *                          \c 0 on failure.
  * \param[in] data    Buffer containing the key data. The content of this
  *                    buffer is interpreted according to the type declared
@@ -691,7 +600,7 @@
 psa_status_t psa_import_key(const psa_key_attributes_t *attributes,
                             const uint8_t *data,
                             size_t data_length,
-                            psa_key_handle_t *handle);
+                            mbedtls_svc_key_id_t *key);
 
 
 
@@ -752,7 +661,9 @@
  *
  * The policy on the key must have the usage flag #PSA_KEY_USAGE_EXPORT set.
  *
- * \param handle            Handle to the key to export.
+ * \param key               Identifier of the key to export. It must allow the
+ *                          usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_EXPORT, unless it is a public
+ *                          key.
  * \param[out] data         Buffer where the key data is to be written.
  * \param data_size         Size of the \p data buffer in bytes.
  * \param[out] data_length  On success, the number of bytes
@@ -779,7 +690,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_export_key(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_export_key(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                             uint8_t *data,
                             size_t data_size,
                             size_t *data_length);
@@ -822,7 +733,7 @@
  * Exporting a public key object or the public part of a key pair is
  * always permitted, regardless of the key's usage flags.
  *
- * \param handle            Handle to the key to export.
+ * \param key               Identifier of the key to export.
  * \param[out] data         Buffer where the key data is to be written.
  * \param data_size         Size of the \p data buffer in bytes.
  * \param[out] data_length  On success, the number of bytes
@@ -849,7 +760,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_export_public_key(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_export_public_key(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                    uint8_t *data,
                                    size_t data_size,
                                    size_t *data_length);
@@ -1226,7 +1137,8 @@
  *       about the MAC value which could allow an attacker to guess
  *       a valid MAC and thereby bypass security controls.
  *
- * \param handle            Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key               Identifier of the key to use for the operation. It
+ *                          must allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_SIGN_MESSAGE.
  * \param alg               The MAC algorithm to compute (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value
  *                          such that #PSA_ALG_IS_MAC(\p alg) is true).
  * \param[in] input         Buffer containing the input message.
@@ -1241,7 +1153,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not a MAC algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL
@@ -1257,7 +1169,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_mac_compute(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_mac_compute(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                              psa_algorithm_t alg,
                              const uint8_t *input,
                              size_t input_length,
@@ -1267,7 +1179,8 @@
 
 /** Calculate the MAC of a message and compare it with a reference value.
  *
- * \param handle            Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key               Identifier of the key to use for the operation. It
+ *                          must allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_VERIFY_MESSAGE.
  * \param alg               The MAC algorithm to compute (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value
  *                          such that #PSA_ALG_IS_MAC(\p alg) is true).
  * \param[in] input         Buffer containing the input message.
@@ -1283,7 +1196,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not a MAC algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -1297,7 +1210,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_mac_verify(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_mac_verify(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                             psa_algorithm_t alg,
                             const uint8_t *input,
                             size_t input_length,
@@ -1382,9 +1295,9 @@
  * \param[in,out] operation The operation object to set up. It must have
  *                          been initialized as per the documentation for
  *                          #psa_mac_operation_t and not yet in use.
- * \param handle            Handle to the key to use for the operation.
- *                          It must remain valid until the operation
- *                          terminates.
+ * \param key               Identifier of the key to use for the operation. It
+ *                          must remain valid until the operation terminates.
+ *                          It must allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_SIGN_MESSAGE.
  * \param alg               The MAC algorithm to compute (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value
  *                          such that #PSA_ALG_IS_MAC(\p alg) is true).
  *
@@ -1393,7 +1306,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not a MAC algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -1410,7 +1323,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_mac_sign_setup(psa_mac_operation_t *operation,
-                                psa_key_handle_t handle,
+                                mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                 psa_algorithm_t alg);
 
 /** Set up a multipart MAC verification operation.
@@ -1444,9 +1357,10 @@
  * \param[in,out] operation The operation object to set up. It must have
  *                          been initialized as per the documentation for
  *                          #psa_mac_operation_t and not yet in use.
- * \param handle            Handle to the key to use for the operation.
- *                          It must remain valid until the operation
- *                          terminates.
+ * \param key               Identifier of the key to use for the operation. It
+ *                          must remain valid until the operation terminates.
+ *                          It must allow the usage
+ *                          PSA_KEY_USAGE_VERIFY_MESSAGE.
  * \param alg               The MAC algorithm to compute (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value
  *                          such that #PSA_ALG_IS_MAC(\p alg) is true).
  *
@@ -1472,7 +1386,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_mac_verify_setup(psa_mac_operation_t *operation,
-                                  psa_key_handle_t handle,
+                                  mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                   psa_algorithm_t alg);
 
 /** Add a message fragment to a multipart MAC operation.
@@ -1639,9 +1553,8 @@
  * vector). Use the multipart operation interface with a
  * #psa_cipher_operation_t object to provide other forms of IV.
  *
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
- *                              It must remain valid until the operation
- *                              terminates.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
+ *                              It must allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_ENCRYPT.
  * \param alg                   The cipher algorithm to compute
  *                              (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                              #PSA_ALG_IS_CIPHER(\p alg) is true).
@@ -1659,7 +1572,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not a cipher algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL
@@ -1673,7 +1586,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_cipher_encrypt(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_cipher_encrypt(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                 psa_algorithm_t alg,
                                 const uint8_t *input,
                                 size_t input_length,
@@ -1685,9 +1598,10 @@
  *
  * This function decrypts a message encrypted with a symmetric cipher.
  *
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
  *                              It must remain valid until the operation
- *                              terminates.
+ *                              terminates. It must allow the usage
+ *                              PSA_KEY_USAGE_DECRYPT.
  * \param alg                   The cipher algorithm to compute
  *                              (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                              #PSA_ALG_IS_CIPHER(\p alg) is true).
@@ -1705,7 +1619,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not a cipher algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL
@@ -1719,7 +1633,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_cipher_decrypt(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_cipher_decrypt(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                 psa_algorithm_t alg,
                                 const uint8_t *input,
                                 size_t input_length,
@@ -1805,9 +1719,10 @@
  * \param[in,out] operation     The operation object to set up. It must have
  *                              been initialized as per the documentation for
  *                              #psa_cipher_operation_t and not yet in use.
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
  *                              It must remain valid until the operation
- *                              terminates.
+ *                              terminates. It must allow the usage
+ *                              PSA_KEY_USAGE_ENCRYPT.
  * \param alg                   The cipher algorithm to compute
  *                              (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                              #PSA_ALG_IS_CIPHER(\p alg) is true).
@@ -1817,7 +1732,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not a cipher algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -1833,7 +1748,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_cipher_encrypt_setup(psa_cipher_operation_t *operation,
-                                      psa_key_handle_t handle,
+                                      mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                       psa_algorithm_t alg);
 
 /** Set the key for a multipart symmetric decryption operation.
@@ -1868,9 +1783,10 @@
  * \param[in,out] operation     The operation object to set up. It must have
  *                              been initialized as per the documentation for
  *                              #psa_cipher_operation_t and not yet in use.
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
  *                              It must remain valid until the operation
- *                              terminates.
+ *                              terminates. It must allow the usage
+ *                              PSA_KEY_USAGE_DECRYPT.
  * \param alg                   The cipher algorithm to compute
  *                              (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                              #PSA_ALG_IS_CIPHER(\p alg) is true).
@@ -1880,7 +1796,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not a cipher algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -1896,7 +1812,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_cipher_decrypt_setup(psa_cipher_operation_t *operation,
-                                      psa_key_handle_t handle,
+                                      mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                       psa_algorithm_t alg);
 
 /** Generate an IV for a symmetric encryption operation.
@@ -2110,7 +2026,9 @@
 
 /** Process an authenticated encryption operation.
  *
- * \param handle                  Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key                     Identifier of the key to use for the
+ *                                operation. It must allow the usage
+ *                                PSA_KEY_USAGE_ENCRYPT.
  * \param alg                     The AEAD algorithm to compute
  *                                (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                                #PSA_ALG_IS_AEAD(\p alg) is true).
@@ -2141,7 +2059,7 @@
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not an AEAD algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -2156,7 +2074,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_aead_encrypt(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_aead_encrypt(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                               psa_algorithm_t alg,
                               const uint8_t *nonce,
                               size_t nonce_length,
@@ -2170,7 +2088,9 @@
 
 /** Process an authenticated decryption operation.
  *
- * \param handle                  Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key                     Identifier of the key to use for the
+ *                                operation. It must allow the usage
+ *                                PSA_KEY_USAGE_DECRYPT.
  * \param alg                     The AEAD algorithm to compute
  *                                (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                                #PSA_ALG_IS_AEAD(\p alg) is true).
@@ -2201,7 +2121,7 @@
  *         The ciphertext is not authentic.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not an AEAD algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -2216,7 +2136,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_aead_decrypt(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_aead_decrypt(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                               psa_algorithm_t alg,
                               const uint8_t *nonce,
                               size_t nonce_length,
@@ -2312,9 +2232,10 @@
  * \param[in,out] operation     The operation object to set up. It must have
  *                              been initialized as per the documentation for
  *                              #psa_aead_operation_t and not yet in use.
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
  *                              It must remain valid until the operation
- *                              terminates.
+ *                              terminates. It must allow the usage
+ *                              PSA_KEY_USAGE_ENCRYPT.
  * \param alg                   The AEAD algorithm to compute
  *                              (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                              #PSA_ALG_IS_AEAD(\p alg) is true).
@@ -2326,7 +2247,7 @@
   * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not an AEAD algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -2340,7 +2261,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_aead_encrypt_setup(psa_aead_operation_t *operation,
-                                    psa_key_handle_t handle,
+                                    mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                     psa_algorithm_t alg);
 
 /** Set the key for a multipart authenticated decryption operation.
@@ -2378,9 +2299,10 @@
  * \param[in,out] operation     The operation object to set up. It must have
  *                              been initialized as per the documentation for
  *                              #psa_aead_operation_t and not yet in use.
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
  *                              It must remain valid until the operation
- *                              terminates.
+ *                              terminates. It must allow the usage
+ *                              PSA_KEY_USAGE_DECRYPT.
  * \param alg                   The AEAD algorithm to compute
  *                              (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                              #PSA_ALG_IS_AEAD(\p alg) is true).
@@ -2392,7 +2314,7 @@
   * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
- *         \p handle is not compatible with \p alg.
+ *         \p key is not compatible with \p alg.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  *         \p alg is not supported or is not an AEAD algorithm.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -2406,7 +2328,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_aead_decrypt_setup(psa_aead_operation_t *operation,
-                                    psa_key_handle_t handle,
+                                    mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                     psa_algorithm_t alg);
 
 /** Generate a random nonce for an authenticated encryption operation.
@@ -2864,10 +2786,11 @@
  * parameter to this function. You can use #PSA_ALG_SIGN_GET_HASH(\p alg)
  * to determine the hash algorithm to use.
  *
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
- *                              It must be an asymmetric key pair.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
+ *                              It must be an asymmetric key pair. The key must
+ *                              allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_SIGN_HASH.
  * \param alg                   A signature algorithm that is compatible with
- *                              the type of \p handle.
+ *                              the type of \p key.
  * \param[in] hash              The hash or message to sign.
  * \param hash_length           Size of the \p hash buffer in bytes.
  * \param[out] signature        Buffer where the signature is to be written.
@@ -2883,7 +2806,7 @@
  *         determine a sufficient buffer size by calling
  *         #PSA_SIGN_OUTPUT_SIZE(\c key_type, \c key_bits, \p alg)
  *         where \c key_type and \c key_bits are the type and bit-size
- *         respectively of \p handle.
+ *         respectively of \p key.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -2897,7 +2820,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_sign_hash(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_sign_hash(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                            psa_algorithm_t alg,
                            const uint8_t *hash,
                            size_t hash_length,
@@ -2914,10 +2837,11 @@
  * parameter to this function. You can use #PSA_ALG_SIGN_GET_HASH(\p alg)
  * to determine the hash algorithm to use.
  *
- * \param handle            Handle to the key to use for the operation.
- *                          It must be a public key or an asymmetric key pair.
+ * \param key               Identifier of the key to use for the operation. It
+ *                          must be a public key or an asymmetric key pair. The
+ *                          key must allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_VERIFY_HASH.
  * \param alg               A signature algorithm that is compatible with
- *                          the type of \p handle.
+ *                          the type of \p key.
  * \param[in] hash          The hash or message whose signature is to be
  *                          verified.
  * \param hash_length       Size of the \p hash buffer in bytes.
@@ -2943,7 +2867,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_verify_hash(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_verify_hash(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                              psa_algorithm_t alg,
                              const uint8_t *hash,
                              size_t hash_length,
@@ -2953,11 +2877,12 @@
 /**
  * \brief Encrypt a short message with a public key.
  *
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
- *                              It must be a public key or an asymmetric
- *                              key pair.
+ * \param key                   Identifer of the key to use for the operation.
+ *                              It must be a public key or an asymmetric key
+ *                              pair. It must allow the usage
+ *                              PSA_KEY_USAGE_ENCRYPT.
  * \param alg                   An asymmetric encryption algorithm that is
- *                              compatible with the type of \p handle.
+ *                              compatible with the type of \p key.
  * \param[in] input             The message to encrypt.
  * \param input_length          Size of the \p input buffer in bytes.
  * \param[in] salt              A salt or label, if supported by the
@@ -2986,7 +2911,7 @@
  *         determine a sufficient buffer size by calling
  *         #PSA_ASYMMETRIC_ENCRYPT_OUTPUT_SIZE(\c key_type, \c key_bits, \p alg)
  *         where \c key_type and \c key_bits are the type and bit-size
- *         respectively of \p handle.
+ *         respectively of \p key.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -3000,7 +2925,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_asymmetric_encrypt(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_asymmetric_encrypt(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                     psa_algorithm_t alg,
                                     const uint8_t *input,
                                     size_t input_length,
@@ -3013,10 +2938,11 @@
 /**
  * \brief Decrypt a short message with a private key.
  *
- * \param handle                Handle to the key to use for the operation.
- *                              It must be an asymmetric key pair.
+ * \param key                   Identifier of the key to use for the operation.
+ *                              It must be an asymmetric key pair. It must
+ *                              allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_DECRYPT.
  * \param alg                   An asymmetric encryption algorithm that is
- *                              compatible with the type of \p handle.
+ *                              compatible with the type of \p key.
  * \param[in] input             The message to decrypt.
  * \param input_length          Size of the \p input buffer in bytes.
  * \param[in] salt              A salt or label, if supported by the
@@ -3045,7 +2971,7 @@
  *         determine a sufficient buffer size by calling
  *         #PSA_ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT_OUTPUT_SIZE(\c key_type, \c key_bits, \p alg)
  *         where \c key_type and \c key_bits are the type and bit-size
- *         respectively of \p handle.
+ *         respectively of \p key.
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
  * \retval #PSA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY
@@ -3060,7 +2986,7 @@
  *         It is implementation-dependent whether a failure to initialize
  *         results in this error code.
  */
-psa_status_t psa_asymmetric_decrypt(psa_key_handle_t handle,
+psa_status_t psa_asymmetric_decrypt(mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key,
                                     psa_algorithm_t alg,
                                     const uint8_t *input,
                                     size_t input_length,
@@ -3318,9 +3244,9 @@
  *                                psa_key_derivation_setup() and must not
  *                                have produced any output yet.
  * \param step                    Which step the input data is for.
- * \param handle                  Handle to the key. It must have an
- *                                appropriate type for \p step and must
- *                                allow the usage #PSA_KEY_USAGE_DERIVE.
+ * \param key                     Identifier of the key. It must have an
+ *                                appropriate type for step and must allow the
+ *                                usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_DERIVE.
  *
  * \retval #PSA_SUCCESS
  *         Success.
@@ -3346,7 +3272,7 @@
 psa_status_t psa_key_derivation_input_key(
     psa_key_derivation_operation_t *operation,
     psa_key_derivation_step_t step,
-    psa_key_handle_t handle);
+    mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key);
 
 /** Perform a key agreement and use the shared secret as input to a key
  * derivation.
@@ -3371,7 +3297,8 @@
  *                                The operation must be ready for an
  *                                input of the type given by \p step.
  * \param step                    Which step the input data is for.
- * \param private_key             Handle to the private key to use.
+ * \param private_key             Identifier of the private key to use. It must
+ *                                allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_DERIVE.
  * \param[in] peer_key      Public key of the peer. The peer key must be in the
  *                          same format that psa_import_key() accepts for the
  *                          public key type corresponding to the type of
@@ -3415,7 +3342,7 @@
 psa_status_t psa_key_derivation_key_agreement(
     psa_key_derivation_operation_t *operation,
     psa_key_derivation_step_t step,
-    psa_key_handle_t private_key,
+    mbedtls_svc_key_id_t private_key,
     const uint8_t *peer_key,
     size_t peer_key_length);
 
@@ -3559,8 +3486,8 @@
  *
  * \param[in] attributes    The attributes for the new key.
  * \param[in,out] operation The key derivation operation object to read from.
- * \param[out] handle       On success, a handle to the newly created key.
- *                          \c 0 on failure.
+ * \param[out] key          On success, an identifier for the newly created
+ *                          key. \c 0 on failure.
  *
  * \retval #PSA_SUCCESS
  *         Success.
@@ -3599,7 +3526,7 @@
 psa_status_t psa_key_derivation_output_key(
     const psa_key_attributes_t *attributes,
     psa_key_derivation_operation_t *operation,
-    psa_key_handle_t *handle);
+    mbedtls_svc_key_id_t *key);
 
 /** Abort a key derivation operation.
  *
@@ -3640,7 +3567,8 @@
  *                                (\c PSA_ALG_XXX value such that
  *                                #PSA_ALG_IS_RAW_KEY_AGREEMENT(\p alg)
  *                                is true).
- * \param private_key             Handle to the private key to use.
+ * \param private_key             Identifier of the private key to use. It must
+ *                                allow the usage PSA_KEY_USAGE_DERIVE.
  * \param[in] peer_key            Public key of the peer. It must be
  *                                in the same format that psa_import_key()
  *                                accepts. The standard formats for public
@@ -3678,7 +3606,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_raw_key_agreement(psa_algorithm_t alg,
-                                   psa_key_handle_t private_key,
+                                   mbedtls_svc_key_id_t private_key,
                                    const uint8_t *peer_key,
                                    size_t peer_key_length,
                                    uint8_t *output,
@@ -3734,8 +3662,8 @@
  *   attributes.
  *
  * \param[in] attributes    The attributes for the new key.
- * \param[out] handle       On success, a handle to the newly created key.
- *                          \c 0 on failure.
+ * \param[out] key          On success, an identifier for the newly created
+ *                          key. \c 0 on failure.
  *
  * \retval #PSA_SUCCESS
  *         Success.
@@ -3759,7 +3687,7 @@
  *         results in this error code.
  */
 psa_status_t psa_generate_key(const psa_key_attributes_t *attributes,
-                              psa_key_handle_t *handle);
+                              mbedtls_svc_key_id_t *key);
 
 /**@}*/