diff --git a/script/static-checks/check-banned-api.py b/script/static-checks/check-banned-api.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0bfadeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/check-banned-api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import utils
+
+# File extensions to check
+VALID_FILE_EXTENSIONS = ('.c', '.S', '.h')
+
+# Paths inside the tree to ignore. Hidden folders and files are always ignored.
+# They mustn't end in '/'.
+IGNORED_FOLDERS = (
+    "tools",
+    "docs"
+)
+
+# List of ignored files in folders that aren't ignored
+IGNORED_FILES = ()
+
+# Regular expression for searching the Banned APIs. This is taken from the
+# Coding guideline in TF-A repo
+BANNED_APIS = ["strcpy", "wcscpy", "strncpy", "strcat", "wcscat", "strncat",
+               "sprintf", "vsprintf", "strtok", "atoi", "atol", "atoll",
+               "itoa", "ltoa", "lltoa"]
+BANNED_PATTERN = re.compile('|'.join(BANNED_APIS))
+
+COMMENTS_PATTERN = re.compile(r"//|/\*|\*/")
+
+
+def filter_comments(f):
+    '''
+    filter_comments(f) -> iterator for line number, filtered line
+
+    Given an iterable of lines (such as a file), return another iterable of
+    lines, with the comments filtered out and removed.
+    '''
+
+    in_comment = False
+    for line_num, line in enumerate(f):
+        line = line.rstrip('\n')
+
+        temp = ""
+        breaker = len(line) if in_comment else 0
+        for match in COMMENTS_PATTERN.finditer(line):
+            content = match.group(0)
+            start, end = match.span()
+
+            if in_comment:
+                if content == "*/":
+                    in_comment = False
+                    breaker = end
+            else:
+                if content == "/*":
+                    in_comment = True
+                    temp += line[breaker:start]
+                    breaker = len(line)
+                elif content == "//":
+                    temp += line[breaker:start]
+                    breaker = len(line)
+                    break
+
+        temp += line[breaker:]
+        if temp:
+            yield line_num + 1, temp
+
+
+def file_check_banned_api(path, encoding='utf-8'):
+    '''
+    Reads all lines from a file in path and checks for any banned APIs.
+    The combined number of errors and uses of banned APIs is returned. If the
+    result is equal to 0, the file is clean and contains no banned APIs.
+    '''
+
+    count = 0
+
+    try:
+        f = open(path, encoding=encoding)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print("ERROR: could not open " + path)
+        utils.print_exception_info()
+        return True
+
+    try:
+        for line_num, line in filter_comments(f):
+            match = BANNED_PATTERN.search(line)
+            if match:
+                location = "line {} of file {}".format(line_num, path)
+                print("BANNED API: in " + location)
+
+                # NOTE: this preview of the error is not perfect if comments
+                # have been removed - however, it does good enough most of the
+                # time.
+                start, end = match.span()
+                print(">>> {}".format(line))
+                print("    {}^{}".format(start * " ", (end - start - 1) * "~"))
+
+                count += 1
+    except:
+        print("ERROR: unexpected exception while parsing " + path)
+        utils.print_exception_info()
+        count += 1
+
+    f.close()
+
+    return count
+
+
+def get_tree_files():
+    '''
+    Get all files in the git repository
+    '''
+
+    # Get patches of the affected commits with one line of context.
+    (rc, stdout, stderr) = utils.shell_command(['git', 'ls-files'])
+    if rc != 0:
+        return False
+
+    lines = stdout.splitlines()
+    return lines
+
+
+def get_patch_files(base_commit, end_commit):
+    '''
+    Get all files that have changed in a given patch
+    '''
+
+    # Get patches of the affected commits with one line of context.
+    (rc, stdout, stderr) = utils.shell_command([
+        'git', 'diff-tree', '--diff-filter=ACMRT', '-r', '--name-only',
+        base_commit, end_commit])
+
+    if rc != 0:
+        return False
+
+    paths = stdout.splitlines()
+    return paths
+
+
+def parse_cmd_line():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Check Banned APIs",
+        epilog="""
+            For each source file in the tree, checks whether Banned APIs as
+            described in the list are used or not.
+        """
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument("--tree", "-t",
+                        help="""
+                        Path to the source tree to check (default: %(default)s)
+                        """,
+                        default=os.curdir)
+    parser.add_argument("--patch", "-p",
+                        help="""
+                        Patch mode. Instead of checking all files in
+                        the source tree, the script will consider only files
+                        that are modified by the latest patch(es).
+                        """,
+                        action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--from-ref",
+                        help="""
+                        Base commit in patch mode (default: %(default)s)
+                        """,
+                        default="master")
+    parser.add_argument("--to-ref",
+                        help="""
+                        Final commit in patch mode (default: %(default)s)
+                        """,
+                        default="HEAD")
+    parser.add_argument("--verbose", "-v",
+                        help="Print verbose output",
+                        action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    return args
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = parse_cmd_line()
+
+    os.chdir(args.tree)
+
+    if args.patch:
+        print("Checking files modified between patches " + args.from_ref +
+              " and " + args.to_ref + "...\n")
+        files = get_patch_files(args.from_ref, args.to_ref)
+    else:
+        print("Checking all files git repo " + os.path.abspath(args.tree) +
+              "...\n")
+        files = get_tree_files()
+
+    total_errors = 0
+    for filename in files:
+        ignored = utils.file_is_ignored(filename, VALID_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+                                        IGNORED_FILES, IGNORED_FOLDERS)
+        if ignored:
+            if args.verbose:
+                print("INFO: Skipping ignored file " + filename)
+            continue
+
+        if args.verbose:
+            print("INFO: Checking " + filename)
+
+        total_errors += file_check_banned_api(filename)
+
+    print(str(total_errors) + " errors found")
+
+    if total_errors == 0:
+        sys.exit(0)
+    else:
+        sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/script/static-checks/check-copyright.py b/script/static-checks/check-copyright.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..39863c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/check-copyright.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019-2020, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+"""
+Check if a given file includes the copyright boiler plate.
+This checker supports the following comment styles:
+    /*
+    *
+    //
+    #
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import datetime
+import collections
+import fnmatch
+import shlex
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import utils
+from itertools import islice
+
+# File extensions to check
+VALID_FILE_EXTENSIONS = ('.c', '.conf', '.dts', '.dtsi', '.editorconfig',
+                         '.h', '.i', '.ld', 'Makefile', '.mk', '.msvc',
+                         '.py', '.S', '.scat', '.sh')
+
+# Paths inside the tree to ignore. Hidden folders and files are always ignored.
+# They mustn't end in '/'.
+IGNORED_FOLDERS = (
+    'include/lib/libfdt',
+    'lib/compiler-rt',
+    'lib/libfdt',
+    'lib/zlib'
+)
+
+# List of ignored files in folders that aren't ignored
+IGNORED_FILES = (
+    'include/tools_share/uuid.h'
+)
+
+# Supported comment styles (Python regex)
+COMMENT_PATTERN = '(\*|/\*|\#|//)'
+
+# Any combination of spaces and/or tabs
+SPACING = '[ \t]*'
+
+# Line must start with a comment and optional spacing
+LINE_START = '^' + SPACING + COMMENT_PATTERN + SPACING
+
+# Line end with optional spacing
+EOL = SPACING + '$'
+
+# Year or period as YYYY or YYYY-YYYY
+TIME_PERIOD = '[0-9]{4}(-[0-9]{4})?'
+
+# Any string with valid license ID, don't allow adding postfix
+LICENSE_ID = '.*(BSD-3-Clause|BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD)([ ,.\);].*)?'
+
+# File must contain both lines to pass the check
+COPYRIGHT_LINE = LINE_START + 'Copyright' + '.*' + TIME_PERIOD + '.*' + EOL
+LICENSE_ID_LINE = LINE_START + 'SPDX-License-Identifier:' + LICENSE_ID + EOL
+
+# Compiled license patterns
+COPYRIGHT_PATTERN = re.compile(COPYRIGHT_LINE, re.MULTILINE)
+LICENSE_ID_PATTERN = re.compile(LICENSE_ID_LINE, re.MULTILINE)
+
+CURRENT_YEAR = str(datetime.datetime.now().year)
+
+COPYRIGHT_OK = 0
+COPYRIGHT_ERROR = 1
+
+def check_copyright(path, args, encoding='utf-8'):
+    '''Checks a file for a correct copyright header.'''
+
+    result = COPYRIGHT_OK
+
+    with open(path, encoding=encoding) as file_:
+        file_content = file_.read()
+
+    copyright_line = COPYRIGHT_PATTERN.search(file_content)
+    if not copyright_line:
+        print("ERROR: Missing copyright in " + file_.name)
+        result = COPYRIGHT_ERROR
+    elif CURRENT_YEAR not in copyright_line.group():
+        print("WARNING: Copyright is out of date in " + file_.name + ": '" +
+              copyright_line.group() + "'")
+
+    if not LICENSE_ID_PATTERN.search(file_content):
+        print("ERROR: License ID error in " + file_.name)
+        result = COPYRIGHT_ERROR
+
+    return result
+
+def main(args):
+    print("Checking the copyrights in the code...")
+
+    if args.verbose:
+        print ("Copyright regexp: " + COPYRIGHT_LINE)
+        print ("License regexp: " + LICENSE_ID_LINE)
+
+    if args.patch:
+        print("Checking files modified between patches " + args.from_ref
+              + " and " + args.to_ref + "...")
+
+        (rc, stdout, stderr) = utils.shell_command(['git', 'diff',
+            '--diff-filter=ACMRT', '--name-only', args.from_ref, args.to_ref ])
+        if rc:
+            return COPYRIGHT_ERROR
+
+        files = stdout.splitlines()
+
+    else:
+        print("Checking all files tracked by git...")
+
+        (rc, stdout, stderr) = utils.shell_command([ 'git', 'ls-files' ])
+        if rc:
+            return COPYRIGHT_ERROR
+
+        files = stdout.splitlines()
+
+    count_ok = 0
+    count_warning = 0
+    count_error = 0
+
+    for f in files:
+
+        if utils.file_is_ignored(f, VALID_FILE_EXTENSIONS, IGNORED_FILES, IGNORED_FOLDERS):
+            if args.verbose:
+                print("Ignoring file " + f)
+            continue
+
+        if args.verbose:
+            print("Checking file " + f)
+
+        rc = check_copyright(f, args)
+
+        if rc == COPYRIGHT_OK:
+            count_ok += 1
+        elif rc == COPYRIGHT_ERROR:
+            count_error += 1
+
+    print("\nSummary:")
+    print("\t{} files analyzed".format(count_ok + count_error))
+
+    if count_error == 0:
+        print("\tNo errors found")
+        return COPYRIGHT_OK
+    else:
+        print("\t{} errors found".format(count_error))
+        return COPYRIGHT_ERROR
+
+def parse_cmd_line(argv, prog_name):
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog=prog_name,
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
+        description="Check copyright of all files of codebase",
+        epilog="""
+For each source file in the tree, checks that the copyright header
+has the correct format.
+""")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--tree", "-t",
+                        help="Path to the source tree to check (default: %(default)s)",
+                        default=os.curdir)
+
+    parser.add_argument("--verbose", "-v",
+                        help="Increase verbosity to the source tree to check (default: %(default)s)",
+                        action='store_true', default=False)
+
+    parser.add_argument("--patch", "-p",
+                        help="""
+Patch mode.
+Instead of checking all files in the source tree, the script will consider
+only files that are modified by the latest patch(es).""",
+                        action="store_true")
+
+    (rc, stdout, stderr) = utils.shell_command(['git', 'merge-base', 'HEAD', 'master'])
+    if rc:
+        print("Git merge-base command failed. Cannot determine base commit.")
+        sys.exit(rc)
+    merge_bases = stdout.splitlines()
+
+    # This should not happen, but it's better to be safe.
+    if len(merge_bases) > 1:
+        print("WARNING: Multiple merge bases found. Using the first one as base commit.")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--from-ref",
+                        help="Base commit in patch mode (default: %(default)s)",
+                        default=merge_bases[0])
+    parser.add_argument("--to-ref",
+                        help="Final commit in patch mode (default: %(default)s)",
+                        default="HEAD")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    return args
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = parse_cmd_line(sys.argv[1:], sys.argv[0])
+
+    os.chdir(args.tree)
+
+    rc = main(args)
+
+    sys.exit(rc)
diff --git a/script/static-checks/check-include-order.py b/script/static-checks/check-include-order.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4f605f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/check-include-order.py
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019-2020, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+import argparse
+import codecs
+import collections
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import utils
+import yaml
+import logging
+
+
+# File extensions to check
+VALID_FILE_EXTENSIONS = (".c", ".S", ".h")
+
+
+# Paths inside the tree to ignore. Hidden folders and files are always ignored.
+# They mustn't end in '/'.
+IGNORED_FOLDERS = (
+    "include/lib/stdlib",
+    "include/lib/libc",
+    "include/lib/libfdt",
+    "lib/libfdt",
+    "lib/libc",
+    "lib/stdlib",
+)
+
+# List of ignored files in folders that aren't ignored
+IGNORED_FILES = ()
+
+INCLUDE_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*#\s*include\s\s*(?P<path>[\"<].+[\">])")
+INCLUDE_RE_DIFF = re.compile(r"^\+?\s*#\s*include\s\s*(?P<path>[\"<].+[\">])")
+
+
+def include_paths(lines, diff_mode=False):
+    """List all include paths in a file. Ignore starting `+` in diff mode."""
+    pattern = INCLUDE_RE_DIFF if diff_mode else INCLUDE_RE
+    matches = (pattern.match(line) for line in lines)
+    return [m.group("path") for m in matches if m]
+
+
+def file_include_list(path):
+    """Return a list of all include paths in a file or None on failure."""
+    try:
+        with codecs.open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            return include_paths(f)
+    except Exception:
+        logging.exception(path + ":error while parsing.")
+        return None
+
+
+def inc_order_is_correct(inc_list, path, commit_hash=""):
+    """Returns true if the provided list is in order. If not, output error
+    messages to stdout."""
+
+    # If there are less than 2 includes there's no need to check.
+    if len(inc_list) < 2:
+        return True
+
+    if commit_hash != "":
+        commit_hash = commit_hash + ":"
+
+    # Get list of system includes from libc include directory.
+    libc_incs = [f for f in os.listdir("include/lib/libc") if f.endswith(".h")]
+
+    # First, check if all includes are in the appropriate group.
+    inc_group = "System"
+    incs = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    error_msgs = []
+
+    for inc in inc_list:
+        if inc[1:-1] in libc_incs:
+            if inc_group != "System":
+                error_msgs.append(inc[1:-1] + " should be in system group, at the top")
+        elif (
+            "plat/" in inc
+            or "platform" in inc
+            or (inc.startswith('"') and "plat" in path)
+        ):
+            inc_group = "Platform"
+        elif inc_group in ("Project", "System"):
+            inc_group = "Project"
+        else:
+            error_msgs.append(
+                inc[1:-1] + " should be in project group, after system group"
+            )
+        incs[inc_group].append(inc[1:-1])
+
+    # Then, check alphabetic order (system, project and user separately).
+    if not error_msgs:
+        for name, inc_list in incs.items():
+            if sorted(inc_list) != inc_list:
+                error_msgs.append("{} includes not in order.".format(name))
+
+    # Output error messages.
+    if error_msgs:
+        print(yaml.dump({commit_hash + path: error_msgs}))
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+def file_is_correct(path):
+    """Checks whether the order of includes in the file specified in the path
+    is correct or not."""
+    inc_list = file_include_list(path)
+    return inc_list is not None and inc_order_is_correct(inc_list, path)
+
+
+def directory_tree_is_correct():
+    """Checks all tracked files in the current git repository, except the ones
+       explicitly ignored by this script.
+       Returns True if all files are correct."""
+    (rc, stdout, stderr) = utils.shell_command(["git", "ls-files"])
+    if rc != 0:
+        return False
+    all_files_correct = True
+    for f in stdout.splitlines():
+        if not utils.file_is_ignored(
+            f, VALID_FILE_EXTENSIONS, IGNORED_FILES, IGNORED_FOLDERS
+        ):
+            all_files_correct &= file_is_correct(f)
+    return all_files_correct
+
+
+def group_lines(patchlines, starting_with):
+    """Generator of (name, lines) almost the same as itertools.groupby
+
+    This function's control flow is non-trivial. In particular, the clearing
+    of the lines variable, marked with [1], is intentional and must come
+    after the yield. That's because we must yield the (name, lines) tuple
+    after we have found the name of the next section but before we assign the
+    name and start collecting lines. Further, [2] is required to yeild the
+    last block as there will not be a block start delimeter at the end of
+    the stream.
+    """
+    lines = []
+    name = None
+    for line in patchlines:
+        if line.startswith(starting_with):
+            if name:
+                yield name, lines
+            name = line[len(starting_with) :]
+            lines = []  # [1]
+        else:
+            lines.append(line)
+    yield name, lines  # [2]
+
+
+def group_files(commitlines):
+    """Generator of (commit hash, lines) almost the same as itertools.groupby"""
+    return group_lines(commitlines, "+++ b/")
+
+
+def group_commits(commitlines):
+    """Generator of (file name, lines) almost the same as itertools.groupby"""
+    return group_lines(commitlines, "commit ")
+
+
+def patch_is_correct(base_commit, end_commit):
+    """Get the output of a git diff and analyse each modified file."""
+
+    # Get patches of the affected commits with one line of context.
+    gitlog = subprocess.run(
+        [
+            "git",
+            "log",
+            "--unified=1",
+            "--pretty=commit %h",
+            base_commit + ".." + end_commit,
+        ],
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+    )
+
+    if gitlog.returncode != 0:
+        return False
+
+    gitlines = gitlog.stdout.decode("utf-8").splitlines()
+    all_files_correct = True
+    for commit, comlines in group_commits(gitlines):
+        for path, lines in group_files(comlines):
+            all_files_correct &= inc_order_is_correct(
+                include_paths(lines, diff_mode=True), path, commit
+            )
+    return all_files_correct
+
+
+def parse_cmd_line(argv, prog_name):
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog=prog_name,
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
+        description="Check alphabetical order of #includes",
+        epilog="""
+For each source file in the tree, checks that #include's C preprocessor
+directives are ordered alphabetically (as mandated by the Trusted
+Firmware coding style). System header includes must come before user
+header includes.
+""",
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--tree",
+        "-t",
+        help="Path to the source tree to check (default: %(default)s)",
+        default=os.curdir,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--patch",
+        "-p",
+        help="""
+Patch mode.
+Instead of checking all files in the source tree, the script will consider
+only files that are modified by the latest patch(es).""",
+        action="store_true",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--from-ref",
+        help="Base commit in patch mode (default: %(default)s)",
+        default="master",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--to-ref",
+        help="Final commit in patch mode (default: %(default)s)",
+        default="HEAD",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    return args
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = parse_cmd_line(sys.argv[1:], sys.argv[0])
+
+    os.chdir(args.tree)
+
+    if args.patch:
+        print(
+            "Checking files modified between patches "
+            + args.from_ref
+            + " and "
+            + args.to_ref
+            + "..."
+        )
+        if not patch_is_correct(args.from_ref, args.to_ref):
+            sys.exit(1)
+    else:
+        print("Checking all files in directory '%s'..." % os.path.abspath(args.tree))
+        if not directory_tree_is_correct():
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    # All source code files are correct.
+    sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/script/static-checks/checkpatch.pl b/script/static-checks/checkpatch.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e16d671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/checkpatch.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,6577 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+# (c) 2001, Dave Jones. (the file handling bit)
+# (c) 2005, Joel Schopp <jschopp@austin.ibm.com> (the ugly bit)
+# (c) 2007,2008, Andy Whitcroft <apw@uk.ibm.com> (new conditions, test suite)
+# (c) 2008-2010 Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
+# Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use POSIX;
+use File::Basename;
+use Cwd 'abs_path';
+use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
+
+my $P = $0;
+my $D = dirname(abs_path($P));
+
+my $V = '0.32';
+
+use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);
+
+my $quiet = 0;
+my $tree = 1;
+my $chk_signoff = 1;
+my $chk_patch = 1;
+my $tst_only;
+my $emacs = 0;
+my $terse = 0;
+my $showfile = 0;
+my $file = 0;
+my $git = 0;
+my %git_commits = ();
+my $check = 0;
+my $check_orig = 0;
+my $summary = 1;
+my $mailback = 0;
+my $summary_file = 0;
+my $show_types = 0;
+my $list_types = 0;
+my $fix = 0;
+my $fix_inplace = 0;
+my $root;
+my %debug;
+my %camelcase = ();
+my %use_type = ();
+my @use = ();
+my %ignore_type = ();
+my @ignore = ();
+my $help = 0;
+my $configuration_file = ".checkpatch.conf";
+my $max_line_length = 80;
+my $ignore_perl_version = 0;
+my $minimum_perl_version = 5.10.0;
+my $min_conf_desc_length = 4;
+my $spelling_file = "$D/spelling.txt";
+my $codespell = 0;
+my $codespellfile = "/usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt";
+my $conststructsfile = "$D/const_structs.checkpatch";
+my $typedefsfile = "";
+my $color = "auto";
+my $allow_c99_comments = 1;
+
+sub help {
+	my ($exitcode) = @_;
+
+	print << "EOM";
+Usage: $P [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+Version: $V
+
+Options:
+  -q, --quiet                quiet
+  --no-tree                  run without a kernel tree
+  --no-signoff               do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line
+  --patch                    treat FILE as patchfile (default)
+  --emacs                    emacs compile window format
+  --terse                    one line per report
+  --showfile                 emit diffed file position, not input file position
+  -g, --git                  treat FILE as a single commit or git revision range
+                             single git commit with:
+                               <rev>
+                               <rev>^
+                               <rev>~n
+                             multiple git commits with:
+                               <rev1>..<rev2>
+                               <rev1>...<rev2>
+                               <rev>-<count>
+                             git merges are ignored
+  -f, --file                 treat FILE as regular source file
+  --subjective, --strict     enable more subjective tests
+  --list-types               list the possible message types
+  --types TYPE(,TYPE2...)    show only these comma separated message types
+  --ignore TYPE(,TYPE2...)   ignore various comma separated message types
+  --show-types               show the specific message type in the output
+  --max-line-length=n        set the maximum line length, if exceeded, warn
+  --min-conf-desc-length=n   set the min description length, if shorter, warn
+  --root=PATH                PATH to the kernel tree root
+  --no-summary               suppress the per-file summary
+  --mailback                 only produce a report in case of warnings/errors
+  --summary-file             include the filename in summary
+  --debug KEY=[0|1]          turn on/off debugging of KEY, where KEY is one of
+                             'values', 'possible', 'type', and 'attr' (default
+                             is all off)
+  --test-only=WORD           report only warnings/errors containing WORD
+                             literally
+  --fix                      EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
+                             If correctable single-line errors exist, create
+                             "<inputfile>.EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes"
+                             with potential errors corrected to the preferred
+                             checkpatch style
+  --fix-inplace              EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
+                             Is the same as --fix, but overwrites the input
+                             file.  It's your fault if there's no backup or git
+  --ignore-perl-version      override checking of perl version.  expect
+                             runtime errors.
+  --codespell                Use the codespell dictionary for spelling/typos
+                             (default:/usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt)
+  --codespellfile            Use this codespell dictionary
+  --typedefsfile             Read additional types from this file
+  --color[=WHEN]             Use colors 'always', 'never', or only when output
+                             is a terminal ('auto'). Default is 'auto'.
+  -h, --help, --version      display this help and exit
+
+When FILE is - read standard input.
+EOM
+
+	exit($exitcode);
+}
+
+sub uniq {
+	my %seen;
+	return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_;
+}
+
+sub list_types {
+	my ($exitcode) = @_;
+
+	my $count = 0;
+
+	local $/ = undef;
+
+	open(my $script, '<', abs_path($P)) or
+	    die "$P: Can't read '$P' $!\n";
+
+	my $text = <$script>;
+	close($script);
+
+	my @types = ();
+	# Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable
+	for ($text =~ /(?:(?:\bCHK|\bWARN|\bERROR|&\{\$msg_level})\s*\(|\$msg_type\s*=)\s*"([^"]+)"/g) {
+		push (@types, $_);
+	}
+	@types = sort(uniq(@types));
+	print("#\tMessage type\n\n");
+	foreach my $type (@types) {
+		print(++$count . "\t" . $type . "\n");
+	}
+
+	exit($exitcode);
+}
+
+my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file);
+if (-f $conf) {
+	my @conf_args;
+	open(my $conffile, '<', "$conf")
+	    or warn "$P: Can't find a readable $configuration_file file $!\n";
+
+	while (<$conffile>) {
+		my $line = $_;
+
+		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
+		$line =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+
+		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
+		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
+
+		my @words = split(" ", $line);
+		foreach my $word (@words) {
+			last if ($word =~ m/^#/);
+			push (@conf_args, $word);
+		}
+	}
+	close($conffile);
+	unshift(@ARGV, @conf_args) if @conf_args;
+}
+
+# Perl's Getopt::Long allows options to take optional arguments after a space.
+# Prevent --color by itself from consuming other arguments
+foreach (@ARGV) {
+	if ($_ eq "--color" || $_ eq "-color") {
+		$_ = "--color=$color";
+	}
+}
+
+GetOptions(
+	'q|quiet+'	=> \$quiet,
+	'tree!'		=> \$tree,
+	'signoff!'	=> \$chk_signoff,
+	'patch!'	=> \$chk_patch,
+	'emacs!'	=> \$emacs,
+	'terse!'	=> \$terse,
+	'showfile!'	=> \$showfile,
+	'f|file!'	=> \$file,
+	'g|git!'	=> \$git,
+	'subjective!'	=> \$check,
+	'strict!'	=> \$check,
+	'ignore=s'	=> \@ignore,
+	'types=s'	=> \@use,
+	'show-types!'	=> \$show_types,
+	'list-types!'	=> \$list_types,
+	'max-line-length=i' => \$max_line_length,
+	'min-conf-desc-length=i' => \$min_conf_desc_length,
+	'root=s'	=> \$root,
+	'summary!'	=> \$summary,
+	'mailback!'	=> \$mailback,
+	'summary-file!'	=> \$summary_file,
+	'fix!'		=> \$fix,
+	'fix-inplace!'	=> \$fix_inplace,
+	'ignore-perl-version!' => \$ignore_perl_version,
+	'debug=s'	=> \%debug,
+	'test-only=s'	=> \$tst_only,
+	'codespell!'	=> \$codespell,
+	'codespellfile=s'	=> \$codespellfile,
+	'typedefsfile=s'	=> \$typedefsfile,
+	'color=s'	=> \$color,
+	'no-color'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
+	'nocolor'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
+	'h|help'	=> \$help,
+	'version'	=> \$help
+) or help(1);
+
+help(0) if ($help);
+
+list_types(0) if ($list_types);
+
+$fix = 1 if ($fix_inplace);
+$check_orig = $check;
+
+my $exit = 0;
+
+if ($^V && $^V lt $minimum_perl_version) {
+	printf "$P: requires at least perl version %vd\n", $minimum_perl_version;
+	if (!$ignore_perl_version) {
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+#if no filenames are given, push '-' to read patch from stdin
+if ($#ARGV < 0) {
+	push(@ARGV, '-');
+}
+
+if ($color =~ /^[01]$/) {
+	$color = !$color;
+} elsif ($color =~ /^always$/i) {
+	$color = 1;
+} elsif ($color =~ /^never$/i) {
+	$color = 0;
+} elsif ($color =~ /^auto$/i) {
+	$color = (-t STDOUT);
+} else {
+	die "Invalid color mode: $color\n";
+}
+
+sub hash_save_array_words {
+	my ($hashRef, $arrayRef) = @_;
+
+	my @array = split(/,/, join(',', @$arrayRef));
+	foreach my $word (@array) {
+		$word =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+		$word =~ s/^\s*//g;
+		$word =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+		$word =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
+
+		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*#/);
+		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/);
+
+		$hashRef->{$word}++;
+	}
+}
+
+sub hash_show_words {
+	my ($hashRef, $prefix) = @_;
+
+	if (keys %$hashRef) {
+		print "\nNOTE: $prefix message types:";
+		foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) {
+			print " $word";
+		}
+		print "\n";
+	}
+}
+
+hash_save_array_words(\%ignore_type, \@ignore);
+hash_save_array_words(\%use_type, \@use);
+
+my $dbg_values = 0;
+my $dbg_possible = 0;
+my $dbg_type = 0;
+my $dbg_attr = 0;
+for my $key (keys %debug) {
+	## no critic
+	eval "\${dbg_$key} = '$debug{$key}';";
+	die "$@" if ($@);
+}
+
+my $rpt_cleaners = 0;
+
+if ($terse) {
+	$emacs = 1;
+	$quiet++;
+}
+
+if ($tree) {
+	if (defined $root) {
+		if (!top_of_kernel_tree($root)) {
+			die "$P: $root: --root does not point at a valid tree\n";
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) {
+			$root = '.';
+		} elsif ($0 =~ m@(.*)/scripts/[^/]*$@ &&
+						top_of_kernel_tree($1)) {
+			$root = $1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!defined $root) {
+		print "Must be run from the top-level dir. of a kernel tree\n";
+		exit(2);
+	}
+}
+
+my $emitted_corrupt = 0;
+
+our $Ident	= qr{
+			[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*
+			(?:\s*\#\#\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)*
+		}x;
+our $Storage	= qr{extern|static|asmlinkage};
+our $Sparse	= qr{
+			__user|
+			__kernel|
+			__force|
+			__iomem|
+			__must_check|
+			__init_refok|
+			__kprobes|
+			__ref|
+			__rcu|
+			__private
+		}x;
+our $InitAttributePrefix = qr{__(?:mem|cpu|dev|net_|)};
+our $InitAttributeData = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initdata\b)};
+our $InitAttributeConst = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initconst\b)};
+our $InitAttributeInit = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:init\b)};
+our $InitAttribute = qr{$InitAttributeData|$InitAttributeConst|$InitAttributeInit};
+
+# Notes to $Attribute:
+# We need \b after 'init' otherwise 'initconst' will cause a false positive in a check
+our $Attribute	= qr{
+			const|
+			__percpu|
+			__nocast|
+			__safe|
+			__bitwise|
+			__packed__|
+			__packed2__|
+			__naked|
+			__maybe_unused|
+			__always_unused|
+			__noreturn|
+			__used|
+			__cold|
+			__pure|
+			__noclone|
+			__deprecated|
+			__read_mostly|
+			__kprobes|
+			$InitAttribute|
+			____cacheline_aligned|
+			____cacheline_aligned_in_smp|
+			____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp|
+			__weak
+		  }x;
+our $Modifier;
+our $Inline	= qr{inline|__always_inline|noinline|__inline|__inline__};
+our $Member	= qr{->$Ident|\.$Ident|\[[^]]*\]};
+our $Lval	= qr{$Ident(?:$Member)*};
+
+our $Int_type	= qr{(?i)llu|ull|ll|lu|ul|l|u};
+our $Binary	= qr{(?i)0b[01]+$Int_type?};
+our $Hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type?};
+our $Int	= qr{[0-9]+$Int_type?};
+our $Octal	= qr{0[0-7]+$Int_type?};
+our $String	= qr{"[X\t]*"};
+our $Float_hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+p-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
+our $Float_dec	= qr{(?i)(?:[0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+)(?:e-?[0-9]+)?[fl]?};
+our $Float_int	= qr{(?i)[0-9]+e-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
+our $Float	= qr{$Float_hex|$Float_dec|$Float_int};
+our $Constant	= qr{$Float|$Binary|$Octal|$Hex|$Int};
+our $Assignment	= qr{\*\=|/=|%=|\+=|-=|<<=|>>=|&=|\^=|\|=|=};
+our $Compare    = qr{<=|>=|==|!=|<|(?<!-)>};
+our $Arithmetic = qr{\+|-|\*|\/|%};
+our $Operators	= qr{
+			<=|>=|==|!=|
+			=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|!|~|
+			&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||$Arithmetic
+		  }x;
+
+our $c90_Keywords = qr{do|for|while|if|else|return|goto|continue|switch|default|case|break}x;
+
+our $BasicType;
+our $NonptrType;
+our $NonptrTypeMisordered;
+our $NonptrTypeWithAttr;
+our $Type;
+our $TypeMisordered;
+our $Declare;
+our $DeclareMisordered;
+
+our $NON_ASCII_UTF8	= qr{
+	[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]               # non-overlong 2-byte
+	|  \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding overlongs
+	| [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # straight 3-byte
+	|  \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding surrogates
+	|  \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # planes 1-3
+	| [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
+	|  \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # plane 16
+}x;
+
+our $UTF8	= qr{
+	[\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]              # ASCII
+	| $NON_ASCII_UTF8
+}x;
+
+our $typeC99Typedefs = qr{(?:__)?(?:[us]_?)?int_?(?:8|16|32|64)_t};
+our $typeOtherOSTypedefs = qr{(?x:
+	u_(?:char|short|int|long) |          # bsd
+	u(?:nchar|short|int|long)            # sysv
+)};
+our $typeKernelTypedefs = qr{(?x:
+	(?:__)?(?:u|s|be|le)(?:8|16|32|64)|
+	atomic_t
+)};
+our $typeTypedefs = qr{(?x:
+	$typeC99Typedefs\b|
+	$typeOtherOSTypedefs\b|
+	$typeKernelTypedefs\b
+)};
+
+our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(?:0[xX])?0+$Int_type?|NULL|false)\b};
+
+our $logFunctions = qr{(?x:
+	printk(?:_ratelimited|_once|_deferred_once|_deferred|)|
+	(?:[a-z0-9]+_){1,2}(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(?:_ratelimited|_once|)|
+	TP_printk|
+	WARN(?:_RATELIMIT|_ONCE|)|
+	panic|
+	MODULE_[A-Z_]+|
+	seq_vprintf|seq_printf|seq_puts
+)};
+
+our $signature_tags = qr{(?xi:
+	Signed-off-by:|
+	Acked-by:|
+	Tested-by:|
+	Reviewed-by:|
+	Reported-by:|
+	Suggested-by:|
+	To:|
+	Cc:
+)};
+
+our @typeListMisordered = (
+	qr{char\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s},
+	qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
+	qr{short\s+int(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
+	qr{(?:un)?signed\s+int\s+short},
+	qr{short\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
+	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed\s+long},
+	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
+	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed},
+);
+
+our @typeList = (
+	qr{void},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?char},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s+int},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long},
+	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long},
+	qr{(?:un)?signed},
+	qr{float},
+	qr{double},
+	qr{bool},
+	qr{struct\s+$Ident},
+	qr{union\s+$Ident},
+	qr{enum\s+$Ident},
+	qr{${Ident}_t},
+	qr{${Ident}_handler},
+	qr{${Ident}_handler_fn},
+	@typeListMisordered,
+);
+
+our $C90_int_types = qr{(?x:
+	long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
+	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
+	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
+	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int|
+	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
+	int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
+	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
+
+	long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
+	long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
+	long\s+(?:un)?signed|
+	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int|
+	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
+	int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
+	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
+
+	int\s+(?:un)?signed|
+	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int
+)};
+
+our @typeListFile = ();
+our @typeListWithAttr = (
+	@typeList,
+	qr{struct\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
+	qr{union\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
+);
+
+our @modifierList = (
+	qr{fastcall},
+);
+our @modifierListFile = ();
+
+our @mode_permission_funcs = (
+	["module_param", 3],
+	["module_param_(?:array|named|string)", 4],
+	["module_param_array_named", 5],
+	["debugfs_create_(?:file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2],
+	["proc_create(?:_data|)", 2],
+	["(?:CLASS|DEVICE|SENSOR|SENSOR_DEVICE|IIO_DEVICE)_ATTR", 2],
+	["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1],
+	["SENSOR_(?:DEVICE_|)ATTR_2", 2],
+	["SENSOR_TEMPLATE(?:_2|)", 3],
+	["__ATTR", 2],
+);
+
+#Create a search pattern for all these functions to speed up a loop below
+our $mode_perms_search = "";
+foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
+	$mode_perms_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_search ne "");
+	$mode_perms_search .= $entry->[0];
+}
+$mode_perms_search = "(?:${mode_perms_search})";
+
+our $mode_perms_world_writable = qr{
+	S_IWUGO		|
+	S_IWOTH		|
+	S_IRWXUGO	|
+	S_IALLUGO	|
+	0[0-7][0-7][2367]
+}x;
+
+our %mode_permission_string_types = (
+	"S_IRWXU" => 0700,
+	"S_IRUSR" => 0400,
+	"S_IWUSR" => 0200,
+	"S_IXUSR" => 0100,
+	"S_IRWXG" => 0070,
+	"S_IRGRP" => 0040,
+	"S_IWGRP" => 0020,
+	"S_IXGRP" => 0010,
+	"S_IRWXO" => 0007,
+	"S_IROTH" => 0004,
+	"S_IWOTH" => 0002,
+	"S_IXOTH" => 0001,
+	"S_IRWXUGO" => 0777,
+	"S_IRUGO" => 0444,
+	"S_IWUGO" => 0222,
+	"S_IXUGO" => 0111,
+);
+
+#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
+our $mode_perms_string_search = "";
+foreach my $entry (keys %mode_permission_string_types) {
+	$mode_perms_string_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_string_search ne "");
+	$mode_perms_string_search .= $entry;
+}
+our $single_mode_perms_string_search = "(?:${mode_perms_string_search})";
+our $multi_mode_perms_string_search = qr{
+	${single_mode_perms_string_search}
+	(?:\s*\|\s*${single_mode_perms_string_search})*
+}x;
+
+sub perms_to_octal {
+	my ($string) = @_;
+
+	return trim($string) if ($string =~ /^\s*0[0-7]{3,3}\s*$/);
+
+	my $val = "";
+	my $oval = "";
+	my $to = 0;
+	my $curpos = 0;
+	my $lastpos = 0;
+	while ($string =~ /\b(($single_mode_perms_string_search)\b(?:\s*\|\s*)?\s*)/g) {
+		$curpos = pos($string);
+		my $match = $2;
+		my $omatch = $1;
+		last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos));
+		$lastpos = $curpos;
+		$to |= $mode_permission_string_types{$match};
+		$val .= '\s*\|\s*' if ($val ne "");
+		$val .= $match;
+		$oval .= $omatch;
+	}
+	$oval =~ s/^\s*\|\s*//;
+	$oval =~ s/\s*\|\s*$//;
+	return sprintf("%04o", $to);
+}
+
+our $allowed_asm_includes = qr{(?x:
+	irq|
+	memory|
+	time|
+	reboot
+)};
+# memory.h: ARM has a custom one
+
+# Load common spelling mistakes and build regular expression list.
+my $misspellings;
+my %spelling_fix;
+
+if (open(my $spelling, '<', $spelling_file)) {
+	while (<$spelling>) {
+		my $line = $_;
+
+		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
+
+		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
+		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
+
+		my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/\|\|/, $line);
+
+		$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
+	}
+	close($spelling);
+} else {
+	warn "No typos will be found - file '$spelling_file': $!\n";
+}
+
+if ($codespell) {
+	if (open(my $spelling, '<', $codespellfile)) {
+		while (<$spelling>) {
+			my $line = $_;
+
+			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
+
+			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
+			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
+			next if ($line =~ m/, disabled/i);
+
+			$line =~ s/,.*$//;
+
+			my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/->/, $line);
+
+			$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
+		}
+		close($spelling);
+	} else {
+		warn "No codespell typos will be found - file '$codespellfile': $!\n";
+	}
+}
+
+$misspellings = join("|", sort keys %spelling_fix) if keys %spelling_fix;
+
+sub read_words {
+	my ($wordsRef, $file) = @_;
+
+	if (open(my $words, '<', $file)) {
+		while (<$words>) {
+			my $line = $_;
+
+			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
+
+			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
+			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
+			if ($line =~ /\s/) {
+				print("$file: '$line' invalid - ignored\n");
+				next;
+			}
+
+			$$wordsRef .= '|' if ($$wordsRef ne "");
+			$$wordsRef .= $line;
+		}
+		close($file);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+my $const_structs = "";
+read_words(\$const_structs, $conststructsfile)
+    or warn "No structs that should be const will be found - file '$conststructsfile': $!\n";
+
+my $typeOtherTypedefs = "";
+if (length($typedefsfile)) {
+	read_words(\$typeOtherTypedefs, $typedefsfile)
+	    or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n";
+}
+$typeTypedefs .= '|' . $typeOtherTypedefs if ($typeOtherTypedefs ne "");
+
+sub build_types {
+	my $mods = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@modifierList, @modifierListFile)) . "\n)";
+	my $all = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@typeList, @typeListFile)) . "\n)";
+	my $Misordered = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListMisordered) . "\n)";
+	my $allWithAttr = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListWithAttr) . "\n)";
+	$Modifier	= qr{(?:$Attribute|$Sparse|$mods)};
+	$BasicType	= qr{
+				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
+				(?:${all}\b)
+		}x;
+	$NonptrType	= qr{
+			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
+			(?:
+				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
+				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
+				(?:${all}\b)
+			)
+			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
+		  }x;
+	$NonptrTypeMisordered	= qr{
+			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
+			(?:
+				(?:${Misordered}\b)
+			)
+			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
+		  }x;
+	$NonptrTypeWithAttr	= qr{
+			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
+			(?:
+				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
+				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
+				(?:${allWithAttr}\b)
+			)
+			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
+		  }x;
+	$Type	= qr{
+			$NonptrType
+			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+)?
+			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
+		  }x;
+	$TypeMisordered	= qr{
+			$NonptrTypeMisordered
+			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+)?
+			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
+		  }x;
+	$Declare	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$Type};
+	$DeclareMisordered	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$TypeMisordered};
+}
+build_types();
+
+our $Typecast	= qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*};
+
+# Using $balanced_parens, $LvalOrFunc, or $FuncArg
+# requires at least perl version v5.10.0
+# Any use must be runtime checked with $^V
+
+our $balanced_parens = qr/(\((?:[^\(\)]++|(?-1))*\))/;
+our $LvalOrFunc	= qr{((?:[\&\*]\s*)?$Lval)\s*($balanced_parens{0,1})\s*};
+our $FuncArg = qr{$Typecast{0,1}($LvalOrFunc|$Constant|$String)};
+
+our $declaration_macros = qr{(?x:
+	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:[A-Z_][A-Z0-9]*_){0,2}(?:DEFINE|DECLARE)(?:_[A-Z0-9]+){1,6}\s*\(|
+	(?:$Storage\s+)?[HLP]?LIST_HEAD\s*\(|
+	(?:$Storage\s+)?${Type}\s+uninitialized_var\s*\(|
+	(?:SKCIPHER_REQUEST|SHASH_DESC|AHASH_REQUEST)_ON_STACK\s*\(
+)};
+
+sub deparenthesize {
+	my ($string) = @_;
+	return "" if (!defined($string));
+
+	while ($string =~ /^\s*\(.*\)\s*$/) {
+		$string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@;
+		$string =~ s@\s*\)\s*$@@;
+	}
+
+	$string =~ s@\s+@ @g;
+
+	return $string;
+}
+
+sub seed_camelcase_file {
+	my ($file) = @_;
+
+	return if (!(-f $file));
+
+	local $/;
+
+	open(my $include_file, '<', "$file")
+	    or warn "$P: Can't read '$file' $!\n";
+	my $text = <$include_file>;
+	close($include_file);
+
+	my @lines = split('\n', $text);
+
+	foreach my $line (@lines) {
+		next if ($line !~ /(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])/);
+		if ($line =~ /^[ \t]*(?:#[ \t]*define|typedef\s+$Type)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)/) {
+			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*$Declare\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[\(\[,;]/) {
+			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*(?:union|struct|enum)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[;\{]/) {
+			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub is_maintained_obsolete {
+	my ($filename) = @_;
+
+	return 0 if (!$tree || !(-e "$root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl"));
+
+	my $status = `perl $root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl --status --nom --nol --nogit --nogit-fallback -f $filename 2>&1`;
+
+	return $status =~ /obsolete/i;
+}
+
+my $camelcase_seeded = 0;
+sub seed_camelcase_includes {
+	return if ($camelcase_seeded);
+
+	my $files;
+	my $camelcase_cache = "";
+	my @include_files = ();
+
+	$camelcase_seeded = 1;
+
+	if (-e ".git") {
+		my $git_last_include_commit = `git log --no-merges --pretty=format:"%h%n" -1 -- include`;
+		chomp $git_last_include_commit;
+		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.git.$git_last_include_commit";
+	} else {
+		my $last_mod_date = 0;
+		$files = `find $root/include -name "*.h"`;
+		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
+		foreach my $file (@include_files) {
+			my $date = POSIX::strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M",
+						   localtime((stat $file)[9]));
+			$last_mod_date = $date if ($last_mod_date < $date);
+		}
+		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.date.$last_mod_date";
+	}
+
+	if ($camelcase_cache ne "" && -f $camelcase_cache) {
+		open(my $camelcase_file, '<', "$camelcase_cache")
+		    or warn "$P: Can't read '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
+		while (<$camelcase_file>) {
+			chomp;
+			$camelcase{$_} = 1;
+		}
+		close($camelcase_file);
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (-e ".git") {
+		$files = `git ls-files "include/*.h"`;
+		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
+	}
+
+	foreach my $file (@include_files) {
+		seed_camelcase_file($file);
+	}
+
+	if ($camelcase_cache ne "") {
+		unlink glob ".checkpatch-camelcase.*";
+		open(my $camelcase_file, '>', "$camelcase_cache")
+		    or warn "$P: Can't write '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
+		foreach (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys(%camelcase)) {
+			print $camelcase_file ("$_\n");
+		}
+		close($camelcase_file);
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_commit_info {
+	my ($commit, $id, $desc) = @_;
+
+	return ($id, $desc) if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e ".git"));
+
+	my $output = `git log --no-color --format='%H %s' -1 $commit 2>&1`;
+	$output =~ s/^\s*//gm;
+	my @lines = split("\n", $output);
+
+	return ($id, $desc) if ($#lines < 0);
+
+	if ($lines[0] =~ /^error: short SHA1 $commit is ambiguous\./) {
+# Maybe one day convert this block of bash into something that returns
+# all matching commit ids, but it's very slow...
+#
+#		echo "checking commits $1..."
+#		git rev-list --remotes | grep -i "^$1" |
+#		while read line ; do
+#		    git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line |
+#		    echo "commit $(cut -c 1-12,41-)"
+#		done
+	} elsif ($lines[0] =~ /^fatal: ambiguous argument '$commit': unknown revision or path not in the working tree\./) {
+		$id = undef;
+	} else {
+		$id = substr($lines[0], 0, 12);
+		$desc = substr($lines[0], 41);
+	}
+
+	return ($id, $desc);
+}
+
+$chk_signoff = 0 if ($file);
+
+my @rawlines = ();
+my @lines = ();
+my @fixed = ();
+my @fixed_inserted = ();
+my @fixed_deleted = ();
+my $fixlinenr = -1;
+
+# If input is git commits, extract all commits from the commit expressions.
+# For example, HEAD-3 means we need check 'HEAD, HEAD~1, HEAD~2'.
+die "$P: No git repository found\n" if ($git && !-e ".git");
+
+if ($git) {
+	my @commits = ();
+	foreach my $commit_expr (@ARGV) {
+		my $git_range;
+		if ($commit_expr =~ m/^(.*)-(\d+)$/) {
+			$git_range = "-$2 $1";
+		} elsif ($commit_expr =~ m/\.\./) {
+			$git_range = "$commit_expr";
+		} else {
+			$git_range = "-1 $commit_expr";
+		}
+		my $lines = `git log --no-color --no-merges --pretty=format:'%H %s' $git_range`;
+		foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) {
+			$line =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]{40,40}) (.*)$/;
+			next if (!defined($1) || !defined($2));
+			my $sha1 = $1;
+			my $subject = $2;
+			unshift(@commits, $sha1);
+			$git_commits{$sha1} = $subject;
+		}
+	}
+	die "$P: no git commits after extraction!\n" if (@commits == 0);
+	@ARGV = @commits;
+}
+
+my $vname;
+for my $filename (@ARGV) {
+	my $FILE;
+	if ($git) {
+		open($FILE, '-|', "git format-patch -M --stdout -1 $filename") ||
+			die "$P: $filename: git format-patch failed - $!\n";
+	} elsif ($file) {
+		open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") ||
+			die "$P: $filename: diff failed - $!\n";
+	} elsif ($filename eq '-') {
+		open($FILE, '<&STDIN');
+	} else {
+		open($FILE, '<', "$filename") ||
+			die "$P: $filename: open failed - $!\n";
+	}
+	if ($filename eq '-') {
+		$vname = 'Your patch';
+	} elsif ($git) {
+		$vname = "Commit " . substr($filename, 0, 12) . ' ("' . $git_commits{$filename} . '")';
+	} else {
+		$vname = $filename;
+	}
+	while (<$FILE>) {
+		chomp;
+		push(@rawlines, $_);
+	}
+	close($FILE);
+
+	if ($#ARGV > 0 && $quiet == 0) {
+		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
+		print "$vname\n";
+		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
+	}
+
+	if (!process($filename)) {
+		$exit = 1;
+	}
+	@rawlines = ();
+	@lines = ();
+	@fixed = ();
+	@fixed_inserted = ();
+	@fixed_deleted = ();
+	$fixlinenr = -1;
+	@modifierListFile = ();
+	@typeListFile = ();
+	build_types();
+}
+
+if (!$quiet) {
+	hash_show_words(\%use_type, "Used");
+	hash_show_words(\%ignore_type, "Ignored");
+
+	if ($^V lt 5.10.0) {
+		print << "EOM"
+
+NOTE: perl $^V is not modern enough to detect all possible issues.
+      An upgrade to at least perl v5.10.0 is suggested.
+EOM
+	}
+	if ($exit) {
+		print << "EOM"
+
+NOTE: If any of the errors are false positives, please report
+      them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS.
+EOM
+	}
+}
+
+exit($exit);
+
+sub top_of_kernel_tree {
+	my ($root) = @_;
+
+	my @tree_check = (
+		"COPYING", "CREDITS", "Kbuild", "MAINTAINERS", "Makefile",
+		"README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers",
+		"fs", "init", "ipc", "kernel", "lib", "scripts",
+	);
+
+	foreach my $check (@tree_check) {
+		if (! -e $root . '/' . $check) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub parse_email {
+	my ($formatted_email) = @_;
+
+	my $name = "";
+	my $address = "";
+	my $comment = "";
+
+	if ($formatted_email =~ /^(.*)<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
+		$name = $1;
+		$address = $2;
+		$comment = $3 if defined $3;
+	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^\s*<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
+		$address = $1;
+		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
+	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /(\S+\@\S+)(.*)$/) {
+		$address = $1;
+		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
+		$formatted_email =~ s/\Q$address\E.*$//;
+		$name = $formatted_email;
+		$name = trim($name);
+		$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+		# If there's a name left after stripping spaces and
+		# leading quotes, and the address doesn't have both
+		# leading and trailing angle brackets, the address
+		# is invalid. ie:
+		#   "joe smith joe@smith.com" bad
+		#   "joe smith <joe@smith.com" bad
+		if ($name ne "" && $address !~ /^<[^>]+>$/) {
+			$name = "";
+			$address = "";
+			$comment = "";
+		}
+	}
+
+	$name = trim($name);
+	$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+	$address = trim($address);
+	$address =~ s/^\<|\>$//g;
+
+	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
+		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
+		$name = "\"$name\"";
+	}
+
+	return ($name, $address, $comment);
+}
+
+sub format_email {
+	my ($name, $address) = @_;
+
+	my $formatted_email;
+
+	$name = trim($name);
+	$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+	$address = trim($address);
+
+	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
+		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
+		$name = "\"$name\"";
+	}
+
+	if ("$name" eq "") {
+		$formatted_email = "$address";
+	} else {
+		$formatted_email = "$name <$address>";
+	}
+
+	return $formatted_email;
+}
+
+sub which {
+	my ($bin) = @_;
+
+	foreach my $path (split(/:/, $ENV{PATH})) {
+		if (-e "$path/$bin") {
+			return "$path/$bin";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "";
+}
+
+sub which_conf {
+	my ($conf) = @_;
+
+	foreach my $path (split(/:/, ".:$ENV{HOME}:.scripts")) {
+		if (-e "$path/$conf") {
+			return "$path/$conf";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "";
+}
+
+sub expand_tabs {
+	my ($str) = @_;
+
+	my $res = '';
+	my $n = 0;
+	for my $c (split(//, $str)) {
+		if ($c eq "\t") {
+			$res .= ' ';
+			$n++;
+			for (; ($n % 8) != 0; $n++) {
+				$res .= ' ';
+			}
+			next;
+		}
+		$res .= $c;
+		$n++;
+	}
+
+	return $res;
+}
+sub copy_spacing {
+	(my $res = shift) =~ tr/\t/ /c;
+	return $res;
+}
+
+sub line_stats {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+
+	# Drop the diff line leader and expand tabs
+	$line =~ s/^.//;
+	$line = expand_tabs($line);
+
+	# Pick the indent from the front of the line.
+	my ($white) = ($line =~ /^(\s*)/);
+
+	return (length($line), length($white));
+}
+
+my $sanitise_quote = '';
+
+sub sanitise_line_reset {
+	my ($in_comment) = @_;
+
+	if ($in_comment) {
+		$sanitise_quote = '*/';
+	} else {
+		$sanitise_quote = '';
+	}
+}
+sub sanitise_line {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+
+	my $res = '';
+	my $l = '';
+
+	my $qlen = 0;
+	my $off = 0;
+	my $c;
+
+	# Always copy over the diff marker.
+	$res = substr($line, 0, 1);
+
+	for ($off = 1; $off < length($line); $off++) {
+		$c = substr($line, $off, 1);
+
+		# Comments we are whacking completely including the begin
+		# and end, all to $;.
+		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '/*') {
+			$sanitise_quote = '*/';
+
+			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
+			$off++;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($sanitise_quote eq '*/' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '*/') {
+			$sanitise_quote = '';
+			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
+			$off++;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '//') {
+			$sanitise_quote = '//';
+
+			substr($res, $off, 2, $sanitise_quote);
+			$off++;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# A \ in a string means ignore the next character.
+		if (($sanitise_quote eq "'" || $sanitise_quote eq '"') &&
+		    $c eq "\\") {
+			substr($res, $off, 2, 'XX');
+			$off++;
+			next;
+		}
+		# Regular quotes.
+		if ($c eq "'" || $c eq '"') {
+			if ($sanitise_quote eq '') {
+				$sanitise_quote = $c;
+
+				substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
+				next;
+			} elsif ($sanitise_quote eq $c) {
+				$sanitise_quote = '';
+			}
+		}
+
+		#print "c<$c> SQ<$sanitise_quote>\n";
+		if ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '*/' && $c ne "\t") {
+			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
+		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '//' && $c ne "\t") {
+			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
+		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote && $c ne "\t") {
+			substr($res, $off, 1, 'X');
+		} else {
+			substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') {
+		$sanitise_quote = '';
+	}
+
+	# The pathname on a #include may be surrounded by '<' and '>'.
+	if ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*include\s+\<(.*)\>/) {
+		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
+		$res =~ s@\<.*\>@<$clean>@;
+
+	# The whole of a #error is a string.
+	} elsif ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+(.*)\b/) {
+		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
+		$res =~ s@(\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+).*@$1$clean@;
+	}
+
+	if ($allow_c99_comments && $res =~ m@(//.*$)@) {
+		my $match = $1;
+		$res =~ s/\Q$match\E/"$;" x length($match)/e;
+	}
+
+	return $res;
+}
+
+sub get_quoted_string {
+	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
+
+	return "" if (!defined($line) || !defined($rawline));
+	return "" if ($line !~ m/($String)/g);
+	return substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
+}
+
+sub ctx_statement_block {
+	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
+	my $line = $linenr - 1;
+	my $blk = '';
+	my $soff = $off;
+	my $coff = $off - 1;
+	my $coff_set = 0;
+
+	my $loff = 0;
+
+	my $type = '';
+	my $level = 0;
+	my @stack = ();
+	my $p;
+	my $c;
+	my $len = 0;
+
+	my $remainder;
+	while (1) {
+		@stack = (['', 0]) if ($#stack == -1);
+
+		#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> remain<$remain>\n";
+		# If we are about to drop off the end, pull in more
+		# context.
+		if ($off >= $len) {
+			for (; $remain > 0; $line++) {
+				last if (!defined $lines[$line]);
+				next if ($lines[$line] =~ /^-/);
+				$remain--;
+				$loff = $len;
+				$blk .= $lines[$line] . "\n";
+				$len = length($blk);
+				$line++;
+				last;
+			}
+			# Bail if there is no further context.
+			#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> off<$off> len<$len>\n";
+			if ($off >= $len) {
+				last;
+			}
+			if ($level == 0 && substr($blk, $off) =~ /^.\s*#\s*define/) {
+				$level++;
+				$type = '#';
+			}
+		}
+		$p = $c;
+		$c = substr($blk, $off, 1);
+		$remainder = substr($blk, $off);
+
+		#warn "CSB: c<$c> type<$type> level<$level> remainder<$remainder> coff_set<$coff_set>\n";
+
+		# Handle nested #if/#else.
+		if ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
+			push(@stack, [ $type, $level ]);
+		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
+			($type, $level) = @{$stack[$#stack - 1]};
+		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*endif\b/) {
+			($type, $level) = @{pop(@stack)};
+		}
+
+		# Statement ends at the ';' or a close '}' at the
+		# outermost level.
+		if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') {
+			last;
+		}
+
+		# An else is really a conditional as long as its not else if
+		if ($level == 0 && $coff_set == 0 &&
+				(!defined($p) || $p =~ /(?:\s|\}|\+)/) &&
+				$remainder =~ /^(else)(?:\s|{)/ &&
+				$remainder !~ /^else\s+if\b/) {
+			$coff = $off + length($1) - 1;
+			$coff_set = 1;
+			#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff> soff<$soff> 1<$1>\n";
+			#warn "[" . substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1) . "]\n";
+		}
+
+		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '(') && $c eq '(') {
+			$level++;
+			$type = '(';
+		}
+		if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') {
+			$level--;
+			$type = ($level != 0)? '(' : '';
+
+			if ($level == 0 && $coff < $soff) {
+				$coff = $off;
+				$coff_set = 1;
+				#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff>\n";
+			}
+		}
+		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '{') && $c eq '{') {
+			$level++;
+			$type = '{';
+		}
+		if ($type eq '{' && $c eq '}') {
+			$level--;
+			$type = ($level != 0)? '{' : '';
+
+			if ($level == 0) {
+				if (substr($blk, $off + 1, 1) eq ';') {
+					$off++;
+				}
+				last;
+			}
+		}
+		# Preprocessor commands end at the newline unless escaped.
+		if ($type eq '#' && $c eq "\n" && $p ne "\\") {
+			$level--;
+			$type = '';
+			$off++;
+			last;
+		}
+		$off++;
+	}
+	# We are truly at the end, so shuffle to the next line.
+	if ($off == $len) {
+		$loff = $len + 1;
+		$line++;
+		$remain--;
+	}
+
+	my $statement = substr($blk, $soff, $off - $soff + 1);
+	my $condition = substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1);
+
+	#warn "STATEMENT<$statement>\n";
+	#warn "CONDITION<$condition>\n";
+
+	#print "coff<$coff> soff<$off> loff<$loff>\n";
+
+	return ($statement, $condition,
+			$line, $remain + 1, $off - $loff + 1, $level);
+}
+
+sub statement_lines {
+	my ($stmt) = @_;
+
+	# Strip the diff line prefixes and rip blank lines at start and end.
+	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
+	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
+	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
+
+	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
+
+	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
+}
+
+sub statement_rawlines {
+	my ($stmt) = @_;
+
+	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
+
+	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
+}
+
+sub statement_block_size {
+	my ($stmt) = @_;
+
+	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
+	$stmt =~ s/^\s*{//;
+	$stmt =~ s/}\s*$//;
+	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
+	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
+
+	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
+	my @stmt_statements = ($stmt =~ /;/g);
+
+	my $stmt_lines = $#stmt_lines + 2;
+	my $stmt_statements = $#stmt_statements + 1;
+
+	if ($stmt_lines > $stmt_statements) {
+		return $stmt_lines;
+	} else {
+		return $stmt_statements;
+	}
+}
+
+sub ctx_statement_full {
+	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
+	my ($statement, $condition, $level);
+
+	my (@chunks);
+
+	# Grab the first conditional/block pair.
+	($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
+				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
+	#print "F: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
+	push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
+	if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^\s*(?:\n[+-])?\s*(?:if|else|do)\b/s)) {
+		return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
+	}
+
+	# Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they
+	# could continue the statement.
+	for (;;) {
+		($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
+				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
+		#print "C: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
+		last if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^(?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*(?:else|do)\b/s));
+		#print "C: push\n";
+		push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
+	}
+
+	return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
+}
+
+sub ctx_block_get {
+	my ($linenr, $remain, $outer, $open, $close, $off) = @_;
+	my $line;
+	my $start = $linenr - 1;
+	my $blk = '';
+	my @o;
+	my @c;
+	my @res = ();
+
+	my $level = 0;
+	my @stack = ($level);
+	for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) {
+		next if ($rawlines[$line] =~ /^-/);
+		$remain--;
+
+		$blk .= $rawlines[$line];
+
+		# Handle nested #if/#else.
+		if ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
+			push(@stack, $level);
+		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
+			$level = $stack[$#stack - 1];
+		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*endif\b/) {
+			$level = pop(@stack);
+		}
+
+		foreach my $c (split(//, $lines[$line])) {
+			##print "C<$c>L<$level><$open$close>O<$off>\n";
+			if ($off > 0) {
+				$off--;
+				next;
+			}
+
+			if ($c eq $close && $level > 0) {
+				$level--;
+				last if ($level == 0);
+			} elsif ($c eq $open) {
+				$level++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!$outer || $level <= 1) {
+			push(@res, $rawlines[$line]);
+		}
+
+		last if ($level == 0);
+	}
+
+	return ($level, @res);
+}
+sub ctx_block_outer {
+	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
+
+	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 1, '{', '}', 0);
+	return @r;
+}
+sub ctx_block {
+	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
+
+	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
+	return @r;
+}
+sub ctx_statement {
+	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
+
+	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
+	return @r;
+}
+sub ctx_block_level {
+	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
+
+	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
+}
+sub ctx_statement_level {
+	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
+
+	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
+}
+
+sub ctx_locate_comment {
+	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
+
+	# Catch a comment on the end of the line itself.
+	my ($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@.*(/\*.*\*/)\s*(?:\\\s*)?$@);
+	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
+
+	# Look through the context and try and figure out if there is a
+	# comment.
+	my $in_comment = 0;
+	$current_comment = '';
+	for (my $linenr = $first_line; $linenr < $end_line; $linenr++) {
+		my $line = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
+		#warn "           $line\n";
+		if ($linenr == $first_line and $line =~ m@^.\s*\*@) {
+			$in_comment = 1;
+		}
+		if ($line =~ m@/\*@) {
+			$in_comment = 1;
+		}
+		if (!$in_comment && $current_comment ne '') {
+			$current_comment = '';
+		}
+		$current_comment .= $line . "\n" if ($in_comment);
+		if ($line =~ m@\*/@) {
+			$in_comment = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	chomp($current_comment);
+	return($current_comment);
+}
+sub ctx_has_comment {
+	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
+	my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line);
+
+	##print "LINE: $rawlines[$end_line - 1 ]\n";
+	##print "CMMT: $cmt\n";
+
+	return ($cmt ne '');
+}
+
+sub raw_line {
+	my ($linenr, $cnt) = @_;
+
+	my $offset = $linenr - 1;
+	$cnt++;
+
+	my $line;
+	while ($cnt) {
+		$line = $rawlines[$offset++];
+		next if (defined($line) && $line =~ /^-/);
+		$cnt--;
+	}
+
+	return $line;
+}
+
+sub get_stat_real {
+	my ($linenr, $lc) = @_;
+
+	my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, 0);
+	for (my $count = $linenr + 1; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
+		$stat_real = $stat_real . "\n" . raw_line($count, 0);
+	}
+
+	return $stat_real;
+}
+
+sub get_stat_here {
+	my ($linenr, $cnt, $here) = @_;
+
+	my $herectx = $here . "\n";
+	for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
+		$herectx .= raw_line($linenr, $n) . "\n";
+	}
+
+	return $herectx;
+}
+
+sub cat_vet {
+	my ($vet) = @_;
+	my ($res, $coded);
+
+	$res = '';
+	while ($vet =~ /([^[:cntrl:]]*)([[:cntrl:]]|$)/g) {
+		$res .= $1;
+		if ($2 ne '') {
+			$coded = sprintf("^%c", unpack('C', $2) + 64);
+			$res .= $coded;
+		}
+	}
+	$res =~ s/$/\$/;
+
+	return $res;
+}
+
+my $av_preprocessor = 0;
+my $av_pending;
+my @av_paren_type;
+my $av_pend_colon;
+
+sub annotate_reset {
+	$av_preprocessor = 0;
+	$av_pending = '_';
+	@av_paren_type = ('E');
+	$av_pend_colon = 'O';
+}
+
+sub annotate_values {
+	my ($stream, $type) = @_;
+
+	my $res;
+	my $var = '_' x length($stream);
+	my $cur = $stream;
+
+	print "$stream\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+
+	while (length($cur)) {
+		@av_paren_type = ('E') if ($#av_paren_type < 0);
+		print " <" . join('', @av_paren_type) .
+				"> <$type> <$av_pending>" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+		if ($cur =~ /^(\s+)/o) {
+			print "WS($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			if ($1 =~ /\n/ && $av_preprocessor) {
+				$type = pop(@av_paren_type);
+				$av_preprocessor = 0;
+			}
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\(\s*$Type\s*)\)/ && $av_pending eq '_') {
+			print "CAST($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
+			$type = 'c';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Type)\s*(?:$Ident|,|\)|\(|\s*$)/) {
+			print "DECLARE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'T';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Modifier)\s*/) {
+			print "MODIFIER($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'T';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*define\s*$Ident)(\(?)/o) {
+			print "DEFINE($1,$2)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$av_preprocessor = 1;
+			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
+			if ($2 ne '') {
+				$av_pending = 'N';
+			}
+			$type = 'E';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:undef\s*$Ident|include\b))/o) {
+			print "UNDEF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$av_preprocessor = 1;
+			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:ifdef|ifndef|if))/o) {
+			print "PRE_START($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$av_preprocessor = 1;
+
+			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
+			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
+			$type = 'E';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:else|elif))/o) {
+			print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$av_preprocessor = 1;
+
+			push(@av_paren_type, $av_paren_type[$#av_paren_type]);
+
+			$type = 'E';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:endif))/o) {
+			print "PRE_END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+
+			$av_preprocessor = 1;
+
+			# Assume all arms of the conditional end as this
+			# one does, and continue as if the #endif was not here.
+			pop(@av_paren_type);
+			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
+			$type = 'E';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\\\n)/o) {
+			print "PRECONT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(__attribute__)\s*\(?/o) {
+			print "ATTR($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$av_pending = $type;
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(sizeof)\s*(\()?/o) {
+			print "SIZEOF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			if (defined $2) {
+				$av_pending = 'V';
+			}
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(if|while|for)\b/o) {
+			print "COND($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$av_pending = 'E';
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~/^(case)/o) {
+			print "CASE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$av_pend_colon = 'C';
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~/^(return|else|goto|typeof|__typeof__)\b/o) {
+			print "KEYWORD($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) {
+			print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			push(@av_paren_type, $av_pending);
+			$av_pending = '_';
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\))/o) {
+			my $new_type = pop(@av_paren_type);
+			if ($new_type ne '_') {
+				$type = $new_type;
+				print "PAREN('$1') -> $type\n"
+							if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			} else {
+				print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			}
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident)\s*\(/o) {
+			print "FUNC($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'V';
+			$av_pending = 'V';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident\s*):(?:\s*\d+\s*(,|=|;))?/) {
+			if (defined $2 && $type eq 'C' || $type eq 'T') {
+				$av_pend_colon = 'B';
+			} elsif ($type eq 'E') {
+				$av_pend_colon = 'L';
+			}
+			print "IDENT_COLON($1,$type>$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'V';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident|$Constant)/o) {
+			print "IDENT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'V';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) {
+			print "ASSIGN($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) {
+			print "END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'E';
+			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~/^(,)/) {
+			print "COMMA($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'C';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\?)/o) {
+			print "QUESTION($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(:)/o) {
+			print "COLON($1,$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+
+			substr($var, length($res), 1, $av_pend_colon);
+			if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') {
+				$type = 'E';
+			} else {
+				$type = 'N';
+			}
+			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\[)/o) {
+			print "CLOSE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(-(?![->])|\+(?!\+)|\*|\&\&|\&)/o) {
+			my $variant;
+
+			print "OPV($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			if ($type eq 'V') {
+				$variant = 'B';
+			} else {
+				$variant = 'U';
+			}
+
+			substr($var, length($res), 1, $variant);
+			$type = 'N';
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Operators)/o) {
+			print "OP($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+			if ($1 ne '++' && $1 ne '--') {
+				$type = 'N';
+			}
+
+		} elsif ($cur =~ /(^.)/o) {
+			print "C($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
+		}
+		if (defined $1) {
+			$cur = substr($cur, length($1));
+			$res .= $type x length($1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ($res, $var);
+}
+
+sub possible {
+	my ($possible, $line) = @_;
+	my $notPermitted = qr{(?:
+		^(?:
+			$Modifier|
+			$Storage|
+			$Type|
+			DEFINE_\S+
+		)$|
+		^(?:
+			goto|
+			return|
+			case|
+			else|
+			asm|__asm__|
+			do|
+			\#|
+			\#\#|
+		)(?:\s|$)|
+		^(?:typedef|struct|enum)\b
+	    )}x;
+	warn "CHECK<$possible> ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 2);
+	if ($possible !~ $notPermitted) {
+		# Check for modifiers.
+		$possible =~ s/\s*$Storage\s*//g;
+		$possible =~ s/\s*$Sparse\s*//g;
+		if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) {
+
+		} elsif ($possible =~ /\s/) {
+			$possible =~ s/\s*$Type\s*//g;
+			for my $modifier (split(' ', $possible)) {
+				if ($modifier !~ $notPermitted) {
+					warn "MODIFIER: $modifier ($possible) ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
+					push(@modifierListFile, $modifier);
+				}
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			warn "POSSIBLE: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
+			push(@typeListFile, $possible);
+		}
+		build_types();
+	} else {
+		warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1);
+	}
+}
+
+my $prefix = '';
+
+sub show_type {
+	my ($type) = @_;
+
+	$type =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
+
+	return defined $use_type{$type} if (scalar keys %use_type > 0);
+
+	return !defined $ignore_type{$type};
+}
+
+sub report {
+	my ($level, $type, $msg) = @_;
+
+	if (!show_type($type) ||
+	    (defined $tst_only && $msg !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/)) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	my $output = '';
+	if ($color) {
+		if ($level eq 'ERROR') {
+			$output .= RED;
+		} elsif ($level eq 'WARNING') {
+			$output .= YELLOW;
+		} else {
+			$output .= GREEN;
+		}
+	}
+	$output .= $prefix . $level . ':';
+	if ($show_types) {
+		$output .= BLUE if ($color);
+		$output .= "$type:";
+	}
+	$output .= RESET if ($color);
+	$output .= ' ' . $msg . "\n";
+
+	if ($showfile) {
+		my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1);
+		splice(@lines, 1, 1);
+		$output = join("\n", @lines);
+	}
+	$output = (split('\n', $output))[0] . "\n" if ($terse);
+
+	push(our @report, $output);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub report_dump {
+	our @report;
+}
+
+sub fixup_current_range {
+	my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_;
+
+	if ($$lineRef =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+(\d+),(\d+) \@\@/) {
+		my $o = $1;
+		my $l = $2;
+		my $no = $o + $offset;
+		my $nl = $l + $length;
+		$$lineRef =~ s/\+$o,$l \@\@/\+$no,$nl \@\@/;
+	}
+}
+
+sub fix_inserted_deleted_lines {
+	my ($linesRef, $insertedRef, $deletedRef) = @_;
+
+	my $range_last_linenr = 0;
+	my $delta_offset = 0;
+
+	my $old_linenr = 0;
+	my $new_linenr = 0;
+
+	my $next_insert = 0;
+	my $next_delete = 0;
+
+	my @lines = ();
+
+	my $inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
+	my $deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
+
+	foreach my $old_line (@{$linesRef}) {
+		my $save_line = 1;
+		my $line = $old_line;	#don't modify the array
+		if ($line =~ /^(?:\+\+\+|\-\-\-)\s+\S+/) {	#new filename
+			$delta_offset = 0;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/) {	#new hunk
+			$range_last_linenr = $new_linenr;
+			fixup_current_range(\$line, $delta_offset, 0);
+		}
+
+		while (defined($deleted) && ${$deleted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
+			$deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
+			$save_line = 0;
+			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset--, -1);
+		}
+
+		while (defined($inserted) && ${$inserted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
+			push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'});
+			$inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
+			$new_linenr++;
+			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1);
+		}
+
+		if ($save_line) {
+			push(@lines, $line);
+			$new_linenr++;
+		}
+
+		$old_linenr++;
+	}
+
+	return @lines;
+}
+
+sub fix_insert_line {
+	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
+
+	my $inserted = {
+		LINENR => $linenr,
+		LINE => $line,
+	};
+	push(@fixed_inserted, $inserted);
+}
+
+sub fix_delete_line {
+	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
+
+	my $deleted = {
+		LINENR => $linenr,
+		LINE => $line,
+	};
+
+	push(@fixed_deleted, $deleted);
+}
+
+sub ERROR {
+	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
+
+	if (report("ERROR", $type, $msg)) {
+		our $clean = 0;
+		our $cnt_error++;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+sub WARN {
+	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
+
+	if (report("WARNING", $type, $msg)) {
+		our $clean = 0;
+		our $cnt_warn++;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+sub CHK {
+	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
+
+	if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) {
+		our $clean = 0;
+		our $cnt_chk++;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub check_absolute_file {
+	my ($absolute, $herecurr) = @_;
+	my $file = $absolute;
+
+	##print "absolute<$absolute>\n";
+
+	# See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree.
+	while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) {
+		if (-f "$root/$file") {
+			##print "file<$file>\n";
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	if (! -f _)  {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	# It is, so see if the prefix is acceptable.
+	my $prefix = $absolute;
+	substr($prefix, -length($file)) = '';
+
+	##print "prefix<$prefix>\n";
+	if ($prefix ne ".../") {
+		WARN("USE_RELATIVE_PATH",
+		     "use relative pathname instead of absolute in changelog text\n" . $herecurr);
+	}
+}
+
+sub trim {
+	my ($string) = @_;
+
+	$string =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+
+	return $string;
+}
+
+sub ltrim {
+	my ($string) = @_;
+
+	$string =~ s/^\s+//;
+
+	return $string;
+}
+
+sub rtrim {
+	my ($string) = @_;
+
+	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
+
+	return $string;
+}
+
+sub string_find_replace {
+	my ($string, $find, $replace) = @_;
+
+	$string =~ s/$find/$replace/g;
+
+	return $string;
+}
+
+sub tabify {
+	my ($leading) = @_;
+
+	my $source_indent = 8;
+	my $max_spaces_before_tab = $source_indent - 1;
+	my $spaces_to_tab = " " x $source_indent;
+
+	#convert leading spaces to tabs
+	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)$spaces_to_tab@$1\t@g;
+	#Remove spaces before a tab
+	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)( {1,$max_spaces_before_tab})\t@$1\t@g;
+
+	return "$leading";
+}
+
+sub pos_last_openparen {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+
+	my $pos = 0;
+
+	my $opens = $line =~ tr/\(/\(/;
+	my $closes = $line =~ tr/\)/\)/;
+
+	my $last_openparen = 0;
+
+	if (($opens == 0) || ($closes >= $opens)) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	my $len = length($line);
+
+	for ($pos = 0; $pos < $len; $pos++) {
+		my $string = substr($line, $pos);
+		if ($string =~ /^($FuncArg|$balanced_parens)/) {
+			$pos += length($1) - 1;
+		} elsif (substr($line, $pos, 1) eq '(') {
+			$last_openparen = $pos;
+		} elsif (index($string, '(') == -1) {
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 0, $last_openparen))) + 1;
+}
+
+sub process {
+	my $filename = shift;
+
+	my $linenr=0;
+	my $prevline="";
+	my $prevrawline="";
+	my $stashline="";
+	my $stashrawline="";
+
+	my $length;
+	my $indent;
+	my $previndent=0;
+	my $stashindent=0;
+
+	our $clean = 1;
+	my $signoff = 0;
+	my $is_patch = 0;
+	my $in_header_lines = $file ? 0 : 1;
+	my $in_commit_log = 0;		#Scanning lines before patch
+	my $has_commit_log = 0;		#Encountered lines before patch
+	my $commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
+	my $commit_log_long_line = 0;
+	my $commit_log_has_diff = 0;
+	my $reported_maintainer_file = 0;
+	my $non_utf8_charset = 0;
+
+	my $last_blank_line = 0;
+	my $last_coalesced_string_linenr = -1;
+
+	our @report = ();
+	our $cnt_lines = 0;
+	our $cnt_error = 0;
+	our $cnt_warn = 0;
+	our $cnt_chk = 0;
+
+	# Trace the real file/line as we go.
+	my $realfile = '';
+	my $realline = 0;
+	my $realcnt = 0;
+	my $here = '';
+	my $context_function;		#undef'd unless there's a known function
+	my $in_comment = 0;
+	my $comment_edge = 0;
+	my $first_line = 0;
+	my $p1_prefix = '';
+
+	my $prev_values = 'E';
+
+	# suppression flags
+	my %suppress_ifbraces;
+	my %suppress_whiletrailers;
+	my %suppress_export;
+	my $suppress_statement = 0;
+
+	my %signatures = ();
+
+	# Pre-scan the patch sanitizing the lines.
+	# Pre-scan the patch looking for any __setup documentation.
+	#
+	my @setup_docs = ();
+	my $setup_docs = 0;
+
+	my $camelcase_file_seeded = 0;
+
+	my $checklicenseline = 1;
+
+	sanitise_line_reset();
+	my $line;
+	foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) {
+		$linenr++;
+		$line = $rawline;
+
+		push(@fixed, $rawline) if ($fix);
+
+		if ($rawline=~/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
+			$setup_docs = 0;
+			if ($1 =~ m@Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst$@) {
+				$setup_docs = 1;
+			}
+			#next;
+		}
+		if ($rawline =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@/) {
+			$realline=$1-1;
+			if (defined $2) {
+				$realcnt=$3+1;
+			} else {
+				$realcnt=1+1;
+			}
+			$in_comment = 0;
+
+			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  Run
+			# the context looking for a comment "edge".  If this
+			# edge is a close comment then we must be in a comment
+			# at context start.
+			my $edge;
+			my $cnt = $realcnt;
+			for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) {
+				next if (defined $rawlines[$ln - 1] &&
+					 $rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ /^-/);
+				$cnt--;
+				#print "RAW<$rawlines[$ln - 1]>\n";
+				last if (!defined $rawlines[$ln - 1]);
+				if ($rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ m@(/\*|\*/)@ &&
+				    $rawlines[$ln - 1] !~ m@"[^"]*(?:/\*|\*/)[^"]*"@) {
+					($edge) = $1;
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+			if (defined $edge && $edge eq '*/') {
+				$in_comment = 1;
+			}
+
+			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  If this
+			# is the start of a diff block and this line starts
+			# ' *' then it is very likely a comment.
+			if (!defined $edge &&
+			    $rawlines[$linenr] =~ m@^.\s*(?:\*\*+| \*)(?:\s|$)@)
+			{
+				$in_comment = 1;
+			}
+
+			##print "COMMENT:$in_comment edge<$edge> $rawline\n";
+			sanitise_line_reset($in_comment);
+
+		} elsif ($realcnt && $rawline =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/) {
+			# Standardise the strings and chars within the input to
+			# simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines.
+			$line = sanitise_line($rawline);
+		}
+		push(@lines, $line);
+
+		if ($realcnt > 1) {
+			$realcnt-- if ($line =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/);
+		} else {
+			$realcnt = 0;
+		}
+
+		#print "==>$rawline\n";
+		#print "-->$line\n";
+
+		if ($setup_docs && $line =~ /^\+/) {
+			push(@setup_docs, $line);
+		}
+	}
+
+	$prefix = '';
+
+	$realcnt = 0;
+	$linenr = 0;
+	$fixlinenr = -1;
+	foreach my $line (@lines) {
+		$linenr++;
+		$fixlinenr++;
+		my $sline = $line;	#copy of $line
+		$sline =~ s/$;/ /g;	#with comments as spaces
+
+		my $rawline = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
+
+#extract the line range in the file after the patch is applied
+		if (!$in_commit_log &&
+		    $line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@(.*)/) {
+			my $context = $4;
+			$is_patch = 1;
+			$first_line = $linenr + 1;
+			$realline=$1-1;
+			if (defined $2) {
+				$realcnt=$3+1;
+			} else {
+				$realcnt=1+1;
+			}
+			annotate_reset();
+			$prev_values = 'E';
+
+			%suppress_ifbraces = ();
+			%suppress_whiletrailers = ();
+			%suppress_export = ();
+			$suppress_statement = 0;
+			if ($context =~ /\b(\w+)\s*\(/) {
+				$context_function = $1;
+			} else {
+				undef $context_function;
+			}
+			next;
+
+# track the line number as we move through the hunk, note that
+# new versions of GNU diff omit the leading space on completely
+# blank context lines so we need to count that too.
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^( |\+|$)/) {
+			$realline++;
+			$realcnt-- if ($realcnt != 0);
+
+			# Measure the line length and indent.
+			($length, $indent) = line_stats($rawline);
+
+			# Track the previous line.
+			($prevline, $stashline) = ($stashline, $line);
+			($previndent, $stashindent) = ($stashindent, $indent);
+			($prevrawline, $stashrawline) = ($stashrawline, $rawline);
+
+			#warn "line<$line>\n";
+
+		} elsif ($realcnt == 1) {
+			$realcnt--;
+		}
+
+		my $hunk_line = ($realcnt != 0);
+
+		$here = "#$linenr: " if (!$file);
+		$here = "#$realline: " if ($file);
+
+		my $found_file = 0;
+		# extract the filename as it passes
+		if ($line =~ /^diff --git.*?(\S+)$/) {
+			$realfile = $1;
+			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
+			$in_commit_log = 0;
+			$found_file = 1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
+			$realfile = $1;
+			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
+			$in_commit_log = 0;
+
+			$p1_prefix = $1;
+			if (!$file && $tree && $p1_prefix ne '' &&
+			    -e "$root/$p1_prefix") {
+				WARN("PATCH_PREFIX",
+				     "patch prefix '$p1_prefix' exists, appears to be a -p0 patch\n");
+			}
+
+			if ($realfile =~ m@^include/asm/@) {
+				ERROR("MODIFIED_INCLUDE_ASM",
+				      "do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
+			}
+			$found_file = 1;
+		}
+
+#make up the handle for any error we report on this line
+		if ($showfile) {
+			$prefix = "$realfile:$realline: "
+		} elsif ($emacs) {
+			if ($file) {
+				$prefix = "$filename:$realline: ";
+			} else {
+				$prefix = "$filename:$linenr: ";
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ($found_file) {
+			if (is_maintained_obsolete($realfile)) {
+				WARN("OBSOLETE",
+				     "$realfile is marked as 'obsolete' in the MAINTAINERS hierarchy.  No unnecessary modifications please.\n");
+			}
+			if ($realfile =~ m@^(?:drivers/net/|net/|drivers/staging/)@) {
+				$check = 1;
+			} else {
+				$check = $check_orig;
+			}
+			$checklicenseline = 1;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		$here .= "FILE: $realfile:$realline:" if ($realcnt != 0);
+
+		my $hereline = "$here\n$rawline\n";
+		my $herecurr = "$here\n$rawline\n";
+		my $hereprev = "$here\n$prevrawline\n$rawline\n";
+
+		$cnt_lines++ if ($realcnt != 0);
+
+# Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch
+		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_has_diff &&
+		    (($line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/[\w/]+@ &&
+		      $line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/([\w/]+)\s+b/$1\b@) ||
+		     $line =~ m@^\s*(?:\-\-\-\s+a/|\+\+\+\s+b/)@ ||
+		     $line =~ m/^\s*\@\@ \-\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/)) {
+			ERROR("DIFF_IN_COMMIT_MSG",
+			      "Avoid using diff content in the commit message - patch(1) might not work\n" . $herecurr);
+			$commit_log_has_diff = 1;
+		}
+
+# Check for incorrect file permissions
+		if ($line =~ /^new (file )?mode.*[7531]\d{0,2}$/) {
+			my $permhere = $here . "FILE: $realfile\n";
+			if ($realfile !~ m@scripts/@ &&
+			    $realfile !~ /\.(py|pl|awk|sh)$/) {
+				ERROR("EXECUTE_PERMISSIONS",
+				      "do not set execute permissions for source files\n" . $permhere);
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check the patch for a signoff:
+		if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:/i) {
+			$signoff++;
+			$in_commit_log = 0;
+		}
+
+# Check if MAINTAINERS is being updated.  If so, there's probably no need to
+# emit the "does MAINTAINERS need updating?" message on file add/move/delete
+		if ($line =~ /^\s*MAINTAINERS\s*\|/) {
+			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
+		}
+
+# Check signature styles
+		if (!$in_header_lines &&
+		    $line =~ /^(\s*)([a-z0-9_-]+by:|$signature_tags)(\s*)(.*)/i) {
+			my $space_before = $1;
+			my $sign_off = $2;
+			my $space_after = $3;
+			my $email = $4;
+			my $ucfirst_sign_off = ucfirst(lc($sign_off));
+
+			if ($sign_off !~ /$signature_tags/) {
+				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+				     "Non-standard signature: $sign_off\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+			if (defined $space_before && $space_before ne "") {
+				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+					 "Do not use whitespace before $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
+					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
+				}
+			}
+			if ($sign_off =~ /-by:$/i && $sign_off ne $ucfirst_sign_off) {
+				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+					 "'$ucfirst_sign_off' is the preferred signature form\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
+					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
+				}
+
+			}
+			if (!defined $space_after || $space_after ne " ") {
+				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+					 "Use a single space after $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
+					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
+				}
+			}
+
+			my ($email_name, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
+			my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $email_address));
+			if ($suggested_email eq "") {
+				ERROR("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+				      "Unrecognized email address: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
+			} else {
+				my $dequoted = $suggested_email;
+				$dequoted =~ s/^"//;
+				$dequoted =~ s/" </ </;
+				# Don't force email to have quotes
+				# Allow just an angle bracketed address
+				if ("$dequoted$comment" ne $email &&
+				    "<$email_address>$comment" ne $email &&
+				    "$suggested_email$comment" ne $email) {
+					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+					     "email address '$email' might be better as '$suggested_email$comment'\n" . $herecurr);
+				}
+			}
+
+# Check for duplicate signatures
+			my $sig_nospace = $line;
+			$sig_nospace =~ s/\s//g;
+			$sig_nospace = lc($sig_nospace);
+			if (defined $signatures{$sig_nospace}) {
+				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+				     "Duplicate signature\n" . $herecurr);
+			} else {
+				$signatures{$sig_nospace} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check email subject for common tools that don't need to be mentioned
+		if ($in_header_lines &&
+		    $line =~ /^Subject:.*\b(?:checkpatch|sparse|smatch)\b[^:]/i) {
+			WARN("EMAIL_SUBJECT",
+			     "A patch subject line should describe the change not the tool that found it\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for old stable address
+		if ($line =~ /^\s*cc:\s*.*<?\bstable\@kernel\.org\b>?.*$/i) {
+			ERROR("STABLE_ADDRESS",
+			      "The 'stable' address should be 'stable\@vger.kernel.org'\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for unwanted Gerrit info
+		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /^\s*change-id:/i) {
+			ERROR("GERRIT_CHANGE_ID",
+			      "Remove Gerrit Change-Id's before submitting upstream.\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check if the commit log is in a possible stack dump
+		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
+		    ($line =~ /^\s*(?:WARNING:|BUG:)/ ||
+		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\s*\d+\.\d{6,6}\s*\]/ ||
+					# timestamp
+		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\<[0-9a-fA-F]{8,}\>\]/)) {
+					# stack dump address
+			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 1;
+		}
+
+# Check for line lengths > 75 in commit log, warn once
+		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_long_line &&
+		    length($line) > 75 &&
+		    !($line =~ /^\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_\/\.]+\s+\|\s+\d+/ ||
+					# file delta changes
+		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:[\w\.\-]+\/)++[\w\.\-]+:/ ||
+					# filename then :
+		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:Fixes:|Link:)/i ||
+					# A Fixes: or Link: line
+		      $commit_log_possible_stack_dump)) {
+			WARN("COMMIT_LOG_LONG_LINE",
+			     "Possible unwrapped commit description (prefer a maximum 75 chars per line)\n" . $herecurr);
+			$commit_log_long_line = 1;
+		}
+
+# Reset possible stack dump if a blank line is found
+		if ($in_commit_log && $commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
+		    $line =~ /^\s*$/) {
+			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
+		}
+
+# Check for git id commit length and improperly formed commit descriptions
+		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
+		    $line !~ /^\s*(?:Link|Patchwork|http|https|BugLink):/i &&
+		    $line !~ /^This reverts commit [0-9a-f]{7,40}/ &&
+		    ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i ||
+		     ($line =~ /(?:\s|^)[0-9a-f]{12,40}(?:[\s"'\(\[]|$)/i &&
+		      $line !~ /[\<\[][0-9a-f]{12,40}[\>\]]/i &&
+		      $line !~ /\bfixes:\s*[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i))) {
+			my $init_char = "c";
+			my $orig_commit = "";
+			my $short = 1;
+			my $long = 0;
+			my $case = 1;
+			my $space = 1;
+			my $hasdesc = 0;
+			my $hasparens = 0;
+			my $id = '0123456789ab';
+			my $orig_desc = "commit description";
+			my $description = "";
+
+			if ($line =~ /\b(c)ommit\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\b/i) {
+				$init_char = $1;
+				$orig_commit = lc($2);
+			} elsif ($line =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) {
+				$orig_commit = lc($1);
+			}
+
+			$short = 0 if ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i);
+			$long = 1 if ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{41,}/i);
+			$space = 0 if ($line =~ /\bcommit [0-9a-f]/i);
+			$case = 0 if ($line =~ /\b[Cc]ommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,40}[^A-F]/);
+			if ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s+\("([^"]+)"\)/i) {
+				$orig_desc = $1;
+				$hasparens = 1;
+			} elsif ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s*$/i &&
+				 defined $rawlines[$linenr] &&
+				 $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*\("([^"]+)"\)/) {
+				$orig_desc = $1;
+				$hasparens = 1;
+			} elsif ($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s+\("[^"]+$/i &&
+				 defined $rawlines[$linenr] &&
+				 $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*[^"]+"\)/) {
+				$line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s+\("([^"]+)$/i;
+				$orig_desc = $1;
+				$rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*([^"]+)"\)/;
+				$orig_desc .= " " . $1;
+				$hasparens = 1;
+			}
+
+			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($orig_commit,
+							      $id, $orig_desc);
+
+			if (defined($id) &&
+			   ($short || $long || $space || $case || ($orig_desc ne $description) || !$hasparens)) {
+				ERROR("GIT_COMMIT_ID",
+				      "Please use git commit description style 'commit <12+ chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: '${init_char}ommit $id (\"$description\")'\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for added, moved or deleted files
+		if (!$reported_maintainer_file && !$in_commit_log &&
+		    ($line =~ /^(?:new|deleted) file mode\s*\d+\s*$/ ||
+		     $line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) [\w\/\.\-]+\s*$/ ||
+		     ($line =~ /\{\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\=\>\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\}/ &&
+		      (defined($1) || defined($2))))) {
+			$is_patch = 1;
+			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
+			WARN("FILE_PATH_CHANGES",
+			     "added, moved or deleted file(s), does MAINTAINERS need updating?\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file
+		if ($realcnt != 0 && $line !~ m{^(?:\+|-| |\\ No newline|$)}) {
+			ERROR("CORRUPTED_PATCH",
+			      "patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
+				$herecurr) if (!$emitted_corrupt++);
+		}
+
+# UTF-8 regex found at http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php
+		if (($realfile =~ /^$/ || $line =~ /^\+/) &&
+		    $rawline !~ m/^$UTF8*$/) {
+			my ($utf8_prefix) = ($rawline =~ /^($UTF8*)/);
+
+			my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
+			my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, length($utf8_prefix)) . "^";
+			my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
+
+			CHK("INVALID_UTF8",
+			    "Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
+		}
+
+# Check if it's the start of a commit log
+# (not a header line and we haven't seen the patch filename)
+		if ($in_header_lines && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
+		    !($rawline =~ /^\s+(?:\S|$)/ ||
+		      $rawline =~ /^(?:commit\b|from\b|[\w-]+:)/i)) {
+			$in_header_lines = 0;
+			$in_commit_log = 1;
+			$has_commit_log = 1;
+		}
+
+# Check if there is UTF-8 in a commit log when a mail header has explicitly
+# declined it, i.e defined some charset where it is missing.
+		if ($in_header_lines &&
+		    $rawline =~ /^Content-Type:.+charset="(.+)".*$/ &&
+		    $1 !~ /utf-8/i) {
+			$non_utf8_charset = 1;
+		}
+
+		if ($in_commit_log && $non_utf8_charset && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
+		    $rawline =~ /$NON_ASCII_UTF8/) {
+			WARN("UTF8_BEFORE_PATCH",
+			    "8-bit UTF-8 used in possible commit log\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for absolute kernel paths in commit message
+		if ($tree && $in_commit_log) {
+			while ($line =~ m{(?:^|\s)(/\S*)}g) {
+				my $file = $1;
+
+				if ($file =~ m{^(.*?)(?::\d+)+:?$} &&
+				    check_absolute_file($1, $herecurr)) {
+					#
+				} else {
+					check_absolute_file($file, $herecurr);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for various typo / spelling mistakes
+		if (defined($misspellings) &&
+		    ($in_commit_log || $line =~ /^(?:\+|Subject:)/i)) {
+			while ($rawline =~ /(?:^|[^a-z@])($misspellings)(?:\b|$|[^a-z@])/gi) {
+				my $typo = $1;
+				my $typo_fix = $spelling_fix{lc($typo)};
+				$typo_fix = ucfirst($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]/);
+				$typo_fix = uc($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]+$/);
+				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
+				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
+				if (&{$msg_level}("TYPO_SPELLING",
+						  "'$typo' may be misspelled - perhaps '$typo_fix'?\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^|[^A-Za-z@])($typo)($|[^A-Za-z@])/$1$typo_fix$3/;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# ignore non-hunk lines and lines being removed
+		next if (!$hunk_line || $line =~ /^-/);
+
+#trailing whitespace
+		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\015/) {
+			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
+			if (ERROR("DOS_LINE_ENDINGS",
+				  "DOS line endings\n" . $herevet) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/[\s\015]+$//;
+			}
+		} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\S\s+$/ || $rawline =~ /^\+\s+$/) {
+			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
+			if (ERROR("TRAILING_WHITESPACE",
+				  "trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
+			}
+
+			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
+		}
+
+# Check for FSF mailing addresses.
+		if ($rawline =~ /\bwrite to the Free/i ||
+		    $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i ||
+		    $rawline =~ /\b59\s+Temple\s+Pl/i ||
+		    $rawline =~ /\b51\s+Franklin\s+St/i) {
+			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
+			my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
+			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
+			&{$msg_level}("FSF_MAILING_ADDRESS",
+				      "Do not include the paragraph about writing to the Free Software Foundation's mailing address from the sample GPL notice. The FSF has changed addresses in the past, and may do so again. Linux already includes a copy of the GPL.\n" . $herevet)
+		}
+
+# check for Kconfig help text having a real description
+# Only applies when adding the entry originally, after that we do not have
+# sufficient context to determine whether it is indeed long enough.
+		if ($realfile =~ /Kconfig/ &&
+		    # 'choice' is usually the last thing on the line (though
+		    # Kconfig supports named choices), so use a word boundary
+		    # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s)
+		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:config|menuconfig|choice)\b/) {
+			my $length = 0;
+			my $cnt = $realcnt;
+			my $ln = $linenr + 1;
+			my $f;
+			my $is_start = 0;
+			my $is_end = 0;
+			for (; $cnt > 0 && defined $lines[$ln - 1]; $ln++) {
+				$f = $lines[$ln - 1];
+				$cnt-- if ($lines[$ln - 1] !~ /^-/);
+				$is_end = $lines[$ln - 1] =~ /^\+/;
+
+				next if ($f =~ /^-/);
+				last if (!$file && $f =~ /^\@\@/);
+
+				if ($lines[$ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*(?:bool|tristate|prompt)\s*["']/) {
+					$is_start = 1;
+				} elsif ($lines[$ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*(?:help|---help---)\s*$/) {
+					if ($lines[$ln - 1] =~ "---help---") {
+						WARN("CONFIG_DESCRIPTION",
+						     "prefer 'help' over '---help---' for new help texts\n" . $herecurr);
+					}
+					$length = -1;
+				}
+
+				$f =~ s/^.//;
+				$f =~ s/#.*//;
+				$f =~ s/^\s+//;
+				next if ($f =~ /^$/);
+
+				# This only checks context lines in the patch
+				# and so hopefully shouldn't trigger false
+				# positives, even though some of these are
+				# common words in help texts
+				if ($f =~ /^\s*(?:config|menuconfig|choice|endchoice|
+						  if|endif|menu|endmenu|source)\b/x) {
+					$is_end = 1;
+					last;
+				}
+				$length++;
+			}
+			if ($is_start && $is_end && $length < $min_conf_desc_length) {
+				WARN("CONFIG_DESCRIPTION",
+				     "please write a paragraph that describes the config symbol fully\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+			#print "is_start<$is_start> is_end<$is_end> length<$length>\n";
+		}
+
+# check for MAINTAINERS entries that don't have the right form
+		if ($realfile =~ /^MAINTAINERS$/ &&
+		    $rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
+		    $rawline !~ /^\+[A-Z]:\t\S/) {
+			if (WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
+				 "MAINTAINERS entries use one tab after TYPE:\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+[A-Z]):\s*/$1:\t/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# discourage the use of boolean for type definition attributes of Kconfig options
+		if ($realfile =~ /Kconfig/ &&
+		    $line =~ /^\+\s*\bboolean\b/) {
+			WARN("CONFIG_TYPE_BOOLEAN",
+			     "Use of boolean is deprecated, please use bool instead.\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+		if (($realfile =~ /Makefile.*/ || $realfile =~ /Kbuild.*/) &&
+		    ($line =~ /\+(EXTRA_[A-Z]+FLAGS).*/)) {
+			my $flag = $1;
+			my $replacement = {
+				'EXTRA_AFLAGS' =>   'asflags-y',
+				'EXTRA_CFLAGS' =>   'ccflags-y',
+				'EXTRA_CPPFLAGS' => 'cppflags-y',
+				'EXTRA_LDFLAGS' =>  'ldflags-y',
+			};
+
+			WARN("DEPRECATED_VARIABLE",
+			     "Use of $flag is deprecated, please use \`$replacement->{$flag} instead.\n" . $herecurr) if ($replacement->{$flag});
+		}
+
+# check for DT compatible documentation
+		if (defined $root &&
+			(($realfile =~ /\.dtsi?$/ && $line =~ /^\+\s*compatible\s*=\s*\"/) ||
+			 ($realfile =~ /\.[ch]$/ && $line =~ /^\+.*\.compatible\s*=\s*\"/))) {
+
+			my @compats = $rawline =~ /\"([a-zA-Z0-9\-\,\.\+_]+)\"/g;
+
+			my $dt_path = $root . "/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/";
+			my $vp_file = $dt_path . "vendor-prefixes.txt";
+
+			foreach my $compat (@compats) {
+				my $compat2 = $compat;
+				$compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,<\.\*>\-/;
+				my $compat3 = $compat;
+				$compat3 =~ s/\,([a-z]*)[0-9]*\-/\,$1<\.\*>\-/;
+				`grep -Erq "$compat|$compat2|$compat3" $dt_path`;
+				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
+					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
+					     "DT compatible string \"$compat\" appears un-documented -- check $dt_path\n" . $herecurr);
+				}
+
+				next if $compat !~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\,/;
+				my $vendor = $1;
+				`grep -Eq "^$vendor\\b" $vp_file`;
+				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
+					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
+					     "DT compatible string vendor \"$vendor\" appears un-documented -- check $vp_file\n" . $herecurr);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for using SPDX license tag at beginning of files
+		if ($realline == $checklicenseline) {
+			if ($rawline =~ /^[ \+]\s*\#\!\s*\//) {
+				$checklicenseline = 2;
+			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+/) {
+				my $comment = "";
+				if ($realfile =~ /\.(h|s|S)$/) {
+					$comment = '/*';
+				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.(c|dts|dtsi)$/) {
+					$comment = '//';
+				} elsif (($checklicenseline == 2) || $realfile =~ /\.(sh|pl|py|awk|tc)$/) {
+					$comment = '#';
+				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.rst$/) {
+					$comment = '..';
+				}
+
+				if ($comment !~ /^$/ &&
+				    $rawline !~ /^\+\Q$comment\E SPDX-License-Identifier: /) {
+					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
+					     "Missing or malformed SPDX-License-Identifier tag in line $checklicenseline\n" . $herecurr);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check we are in a valid source file if not then ignore this hunk
+		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|s|S|sh|dtsi|dts)$/);
+
+# line length limit (with some exclusions)
+#
+# There are a few types of lines that may extend beyond $max_line_length:
+#	logging functions like pr_info that end in a string
+#	lines with a single string
+#	#defines that are a single string
+#	lines with an RFC3986 like URL
+#
+# There are 3 different line length message types:
+# LONG_LINE_COMMENT	a comment starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
+# LONG_LINE_STRING	a string starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
+# LONG_LINE		all other lines longer than $max_line_length
+#
+# if LONG_LINE is ignored, the other 2 types are also ignored
+#
+
+		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && $length > $max_line_length) {
+			my $msg_type = "LONG_LINE";
+
+			# Check the allowed long line types first
+
+			# logging functions that end in a string that starts
+			# before $max_line_length
+			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$logFunctions\s*\(\s*(?:(?:KERN_\S+\s*|[^"]*))?($String\s*(?:|,|\)\s*;)\s*)$/ &&
+			    length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
+				$msg_type = "";
+
+			# lines with only strings (w/ possible termination)
+			# #defines with only strings
+			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String\s*(?:\s*|,|\)\s*;)\s*$/ ||
+				 $line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+\w+\s+$String$/) {
+				$msg_type = "";
+
+			# More special cases
+			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+.*\bEFI_GUID\s*\(/ ||
+				 $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:\w+)?\s*DEFINE_PER_CPU/) {
+				$msg_type = "";
+
+			# URL ($rawline is used in case the URL is in a comment)
+			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\b[a-z][\w\.\+\-]*:\/\/\S+/i) {
+				$msg_type = "";
+
+			# Otherwise set the alternate message types
+
+			# a comment starts before $max_line_length
+			} elsif ($line =~ /($;[\s$;]*)$/ &&
+				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
+				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT"
+
+			# a quoted string starts before $max_line_length
+			} elsif ($sline =~ /\s*($String(?:\s*(?:\\|,\s*|\)\s*;\s*))?)$/ &&
+				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
+				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_STRING"
+			}
+
+			if ($msg_type ne "" &&
+			    (show_type("LONG_LINE") || show_type($msg_type))) {
+				WARN($msg_type,
+				     "line over $max_line_length characters\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for adding lines without a newline.
+		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && defined $lines[$linenr] && $lines[$linenr] =~ /^\\ No newline at end of file/) {
+			WARN("MISSING_EOF_NEWLINE",
+			     "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check we are in a valid source file C or perl if not then ignore this hunk
+		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|pl|dtsi|dts)$/);
+
+# at the beginning of a line any tabs must come first and anything
+# more than 8 must use tabs.
+		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ ||
+		    $rawline =~ /^\+\s*        \s*/) {
+			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
+			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
+			if (ERROR("CODE_INDENT",
+				  "code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for space before tabs.
+		if ($rawline =~ /^\+/ && $rawline =~ / \t/) {
+			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
+			if (WARN("SPACE_BEFORE_TAB",
+				"please, no space before tabs\n" . $herevet) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+					   s/(^\+.*) {8,8}\t/$1\t\t/) {}
+				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+					   s/(^\+.*) +\t/$1\t/) {}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for assignments on the start of a line
+		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s+($Assignment)[^=]/) {
+			CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS",
+			    "Assignment operator '$1' should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev);
+		}
+
+# check for && or || at the start of a line
+		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) {
+			CHK("LOGICAL_CONTINUATIONS",
+			    "Logical continuations should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev);
+		}
+
+# check indentation starts on a tab stop
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $sline =~ /^\+\t+( +)(?:$c90_Keywords\b|\{\s*$|\}\s*(?:else\b|while\b|\s*$)|$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[;=])/) {
+			my $indent = length($1);
+			if ($indent % 8) {
+				if (WARN("TABSTOP",
+					 "Statements should start on a tabstop\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@(^\+\t+) +@$1 . "\t" x ($indent/8)@e;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check multi-line statement indentation matches previous line
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $prevline =~ /^\+([ \t]*)((?:$c90_Keywords(?:\s+if)\s*)|(?:$Declare\s*)?(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*|(?:\*\s*)*$Lval\s*=\s*$Ident\s*)\(.*(\&\&|\|\||,)\s*$/) {
+			$prevline =~ /^\+(\t*)(.*)$/;
+			my $oldindent = $1;
+			my $rest = $2;
+
+			my $pos = pos_last_openparen($rest);
+			if ($pos >= 0) {
+				$line =~ /^(\+| )([ \t]*)/;
+				my $newindent = $2;
+
+				my $goodtabindent = $oldindent .
+					"\t" x ($pos / 8) .
+					" "  x ($pos % 8);
+				my $goodspaceindent = $oldindent . " "  x $pos;
+
+				if ($newindent ne $goodtabindent &&
+				    $newindent ne $goodspaceindent) {
+
+					if (CHK("PARENTHESIS_ALIGNMENT",
+						"Alignment should match open parenthesis\n" . $hereprev) &&
+					    $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) {
+						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+						    s/^\+[ \t]*/\+$goodtabindent/;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for space after cast like "(int) foo" or "(struct foo) bar"
+# avoid checking a few false positives:
+#   "sizeof(<type>)" or "__alignof__(<type>)"
+#   function pointer declarations like "(*foo)(int) = bar;"
+#   structure definitions like "(struct foo) { 0 };"
+#   multiline macros that define functions
+#   known attributes or the __attribute__ keyword
+		if ($line =~ /^\+(.*)\(\s*$Type\s*\)([ \t]++)((?![={]|\\$|$Attribute|__attribute__))/ &&
+		    (!defined($1) || $1 !~ /\b(?:sizeof|__alignof__)\s*$/)) {
+			if (CHK("SPACING",
+				"No space is necessary after a cast\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/(\(\s*$Type\s*\))[ \t]+/$1/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# Block comment styles
+# Networking with an initial /*
+		if ($realfile =~ m@^(drivers/net/|net/)@ &&
+		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\/\*[ \t]*$/ &&
+		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&
+		    $realline > 2) {
+			WARN("NETWORKING_BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
+			     "networking block comments don't use an empty /* line, use /* Comment...\n" . $hereprev);
+		}
+
+# Block comments use * on subsequent lines
+		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
+		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#starting /*
+		    $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/ &&		#no trailing */
+		    $rawline =~ /^\+/ &&			#line is new
+		    $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) {		#no leading *
+			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
+			     "Block comments use * on subsequent lines\n" . $hereprev);
+		}
+
+# Block comments use */ on trailing lines
+		if ($rawline !~ m@^\+[ \t]*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing */
+		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*/\*.*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#inline /*...*/
+		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*\*{2,}/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing **/
+		    $rawline =~ m@^\+[ \t]*.+\*\/[ \t]*$@) {	#non blank */
+			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
+			     "Block comments use a trailing */ on a separate line\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Block comment * alignment
+		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
+		    $line =~ /^\+[ \t]*$;/ &&			#leading comment
+		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&		#leading *
+		    (($prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#leading /*
+		      $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/) ||		#no trailing */
+		     $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/)) {		#leading *
+			my $oldindent;
+			$prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/?)\*@;
+			if (defined($1)) {
+				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
+			} else {
+				$prevrawline =~ m@^\+(.*/?)\*@;
+				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
+			}
+			$rawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*)\*@;
+			my $newindent = $1;
+			$newindent = expand_tabs($newindent);
+			if (length($oldindent) ne length($newindent)) {
+				WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
+				     "Block comments should align the * on each line\n" . $hereprev);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations
+# with exceptions for various attributes and macros
+		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]};?\s*$/ &&
+		    $line =~ /^\+/ &&
+		    !($line =~ /^\+\s*$/ ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+\s*EXPORT_SYMBOL/ ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+\s*\#\s*(?:end|elif|else)/ ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:static\s+)?[A-Z_]*ATTR/ ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+\s*DECLARE/ ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ ||
+		      $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) {
+			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
+				"Please use a blank line after function/struct/union/enum declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for multiple consecutive blank lines
+		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]\s*$/ &&
+		    $line =~ /^\+\s*$/ &&
+		    $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) {
+			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
+				"Please don't use multiple blank lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+			}
+
+			$last_blank_line = $linenr;
+		}
+
+# check for missing blank lines after declarations
+		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s+\S/ &&			#Not at char 1
+			# actual declarations
+		    ($prevline =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
+			# function pointer declarations
+		     $prevline =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
+			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
+		     $prevline =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
+			# known declaration macros
+		     $prevline =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/) &&
+			# for "else if" which can look like "$Ident $Ident"
+		    !($prevline =~ /^\+\s+$c90_Keywords\b/ ||
+			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
+		      $prevline =~ /(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)\s*$/ ||
+			# not starting a section or a macro "\" extended line
+		      $prevline =~ /(?:\{\s*|\\)$/) &&
+			# looks like a declaration
+		    !($sline =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
+			# function pointer declarations
+		      $sline =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
+			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
+		      $sline =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
+			# known declaration macros
+		      $sline =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ ||
+			# start of struct or union or enum
+		      $sline =~ /^\+\s+(?:union|struct|enum|typedef)\b/ ||
+			# start or end of block or continuation of declaration
+		      $sline =~ /^\+\s+(?:$|[\{\}\.\#\"\?\:\(\[])/ ||
+			# bitfield continuation
+		      $sline =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ ||
+			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
+		      $sline =~ /^\+\s+\(?\s*(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/) &&
+			# indentation of previous and current line are the same
+		    (($prevline =~ /\+(\s+)\S/) && $sline =~ /^\+$1\S/)) {
+			if (WARN("LINE_SPACING",
+				 "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for spaces at the beginning of a line.
+# Exceptions:
+#  1) within comments
+#  2) indented preprocessor commands
+#  3) hanging labels
+		if ($rawline =~ /^\+ / && $line !~ /^\+ *(?:$;|#|$Ident:)/)  {
+			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
+			if (WARN("LEADING_SPACE",
+				 "please, no spaces at the start of a line\n" . $herevet) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check we are in a valid C source file if not then ignore this hunk
+		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c)$/);
+
+# check for unusual line ending [ or (
+		if ($line =~ /^\+.*([\[\(])\s*$/) {
+			CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE",
+			    "Lines should not end with a '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check if this appears to be the start function declaration, save the name
+		if ($sline =~ /^\+\{\s*$/ &&
+		    $prevline =~ /^\+(?:(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*)?($Ident)\(/) {
+			$context_function = $1;
+		}
+
+# check if this appears to be the end of function declaration
+		if ($sline =~ /^\+\}\s*$/) {
+			undef $context_function;
+		}
+
+# check indentation of any line with a bare else
+# (but not if it is a multiple line "if (foo) return bar; else return baz;")
+# if the previous line is a break or return and is indented 1 tab more...
+		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)(?:}[ \t]*)?else(?:[ \t]*{)?\s*$/) {
+			my $tabs = length($1) + 1;
+			if ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}break\b/ ||
+			    ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}return\b/ &&
+			     defined $lines[$linenr] &&
+			     $lines[$linenr] !~ /^[ \+]\t{$tabs,$tabs}return/)) {
+				WARN("UNNECESSARY_ELSE",
+				     "else is not generally useful after a break or return\n" . $hereprev);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check indentation of a line with a break;
+# if the previous line is a goto or return and is indented the same # of tabs
+		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)break\s*;\s*$/) {
+			my $tabs = $1;
+			if ($prevline =~ /^\+$tabs(?:goto|return)\b/) {
+				WARN("UNNECESSARY_BREAK",
+				     "break is not useful after a goto or return\n" . $hereprev);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for RCS/CVS revision markers
+		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|)/) {
+			WARN("CVS_KEYWORD",
+			     "CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for old HOTPLUG __dev<foo> section markings
+		if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) {
+			WARN("HOTPLUG_SECTION",
+			     "Using $1 is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for potential 'bare' types
+		my ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next,
+		    $realline_next);
+#print "LINE<$line>\n";
+		if ($linenr > $suppress_statement &&
+		    $realcnt && $sline =~ /.\s*\S/) {
+			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
+				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
+			$stat =~ s/\n./\n /g;
+			$cond =~ s/\n./\n /g;
+
+#print "linenr<$linenr> <$stat>\n";
+			# If this statement has no statement boundaries within
+			# it there is no point in retrying a statement scan
+			# until we hit end of it.
+			my $frag = $stat; $frag =~ s/;+\s*$//;
+			if ($frag !~ /(?:{|;)/) {
+#print "skip<$line_nr_next>\n";
+				$suppress_statement = $line_nr_next;
+			}
+
+			# Find the real next line.
+			$realline_next = $line_nr_next;
+			if (defined $realline_next &&
+			    (!defined $lines[$realline_next - 1] ||
+			     substr($lines[$realline_next - 1], $off_next) =~ /^\s*$/)) {
+				$realline_next++;
+			}
+
+			my $s = $stat;
+			$s =~ s/{.*$//s;
+
+			# Ignore goto labels.
+			if ($s =~ /$Ident:\*$/s) {
+
+			# Ignore functions being called
+			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
+
+			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*else\b/s) {
+
+			# declarations always start with types
+			} elsif ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?((?:\s*$Ident)+?)\b(?:\s+$Sparse)?\s*\**\s*(?:$Ident|\(\*[^\)]*\))(?:\s*$Modifier)?\s*(?:;|=|,|\()/s) {
+				my $type = $1;
+				$type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+				possible($type, "A:" . $s);
+
+			# definitions in global scope can only start with types
+			} elsif ($s =~ /^.(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?($Ident)\b\s*(?!:)/s) {
+				possible($1, "B:" . $s);
+			}
+
+			# any (foo ... *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type
+			while ($s =~ /\(($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*[\s\*]+\s*\)/sg) {
+				possible($1, "C:" . $s);
+			}
+
+			# Check for any sort of function declaration.
+			# int foo(something bar, other baz);
+			# void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *);
+			if ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^(.(?:typedef\s*)?(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*(?:\b$Ident|\(\*\s*$Ident\))\s*)\(/s) {
+				my ($name_len) = length($1);
+
+				my $ctx = $s;
+				substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, '');
+				$ctx =~ s/\)[^\)]*$//;
+
+				for my $arg (split(/\s*,\s*/, $ctx)) {
+					if ($arg =~ /^(?:const\s+)?($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*\s*\**\s*(:?\b$Ident)?$/s || $arg =~ /^($Ident)$/s) {
+
+						possible($1, "D:" . $s);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		}
+
+#
+# Checks which may be anchored in the context.
+#
+
+# Check for switch () and associated case and default
+# statements should be at the same indent.
+		if ($line=~/\bswitch\s*\(.*\)/) {
+			my $err = '';
+			my $sep = '';
+			my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt);
+			shift(@ctx);
+			for my $ctx (@ctx) {
+				my ($clen, $cindent) = line_stats($ctx);
+				if ($ctx =~ /^\+\s*(case\s+|default:)/ &&
+							$indent != $cindent) {
+					$err .= "$sep$ctx\n";
+					$sep = '';
+				} else {
+					$sep = "[...]\n";
+				}
+			}
+			if ($err ne '') {
+				ERROR("SWITCH_CASE_INDENT_LEVEL",
+				      "switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
+			}
+		}
+
+# if/while/etc brace do not go on next line, unless defining a do while loop,
+# or if that brace on the next line is for something else
+		if ($line =~ /(.*)\b((?:if|while|for|switch|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|do\b|else\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\#/) {
+			my $pre_ctx = "$1$2";
+
+			my ($level, @ctx) = ctx_statement_level($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
+
+			if ($line =~ /^\+\t{6,}/) {
+				WARN("DEEP_INDENTATION",
+				     "Too many leading tabs - consider code refactoring\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+			my $ctx_cnt = $realcnt - $#ctx - 1;
+			my $ctx = join("\n", @ctx);
+
+			my $ctx_ln = $linenr;
+			my $ctx_skip = $realcnt;
+
+			while ($ctx_skip > $ctx_cnt || ($ctx_skip == $ctx_cnt &&
+					defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] &&
+					$lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^-/)) {
+				##print "SKIP<$ctx_skip> CNT<$ctx_cnt>\n";
+				$ctx_skip-- if (!defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] || $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] !~ /^-/);
+				$ctx_ln++;
+			}
+
+			#print "realcnt<$realcnt> ctx_cnt<$ctx_cnt>\n";
+			#print "pre<$pre_ctx>\nline<$line>\nctx<$ctx>\nnext<$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]>\n";
+
+			if ($ctx !~ /{\s*/ && defined($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*{/) {
+				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
+				      "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
+					"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
+			}
+			if ($level == 0 && $pre_ctx !~ /}\s*while\s*\($/ &&
+			    $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ &&
+			    defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1])
+			{
+				my ($nlength, $nindent) = line_stats($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]);
+				if ($nindent > $indent) {
+					WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
+					     "trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
+						"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check relative indent for conditionals and blocks.
+		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:if|while|for|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|(?:do|else)\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/ && $line !~ /\}\s*while\s*/) {
+			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
+				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
+					if (!defined $stat);
+			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
+
+			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
+
+			# remove inline comments
+			$s =~ s/$;/ /g;
+			$c =~ s/$;/ /g;
+
+			# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
+			my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
+			my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
+
+			# Make sure we remove the line prefixes as we have
+			# none on the first line, and are going to readd them
+			# where necessary.
+			$s =~ s/\n./\n/gs;
+			while ($s =~ /\n\s+\\\n/) {
+				$cond_lines += $s =~ s/\n\s+\\\n/\n/g;
+			}
+
+			# We want to check the first line inside the block
+			# starting at the end of the conditional, so remove:
+			#  1) any blank line termination
+			#  2) any opening brace { on end of the line
+			#  3) any do (...) {
+			my $continuation = 0;
+			my $check = 0;
+			$s =~ s/^.*\bdo\b//;
+			$s =~ s/^\s*{//;
+			if ($s =~ s/^\s*\\//) {
+				$continuation = 1;
+			}
+			if ($s =~ s/^\s*?\n//) {
+				$check = 1;
+				$cond_lines++;
+			}
+
+			# Also ignore a loop construct at the end of a
+			# preprocessor statement.
+			if (($prevline =~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s/ ||
+			    $prevline =~ /\\\s*$/) && $continuation == 0) {
+				$check = 0;
+			}
+
+			my $cond_ptr = -1;
+			$continuation = 0;
+			while ($cond_ptr != $cond_lines) {
+				$cond_ptr = $cond_lines;
+
+				# If we see an #else/#elif then the code
+				# is not linear.
+				if ($s =~ /^\s*\#\s*(?:else|elif)/) {
+					$check = 0;
+				}
+
+				# Ignore:
+				#  1) blank lines, they should be at 0,
+				#  2) preprocessor lines, and
+				#  3) labels.
+				if ($continuation ||
+				    $s =~ /^\s*?\n/ ||
+				    $s =~ /^\s*#\s*?/ ||
+				    $s =~ /^\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
+					$continuation = ($s =~ /^.*?\\\n/) ? 1 : 0;
+					if ($s =~ s/^.*?\n//) {
+						$cond_lines++;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			my (undef, $sindent) = line_stats("+" . $s);
+			my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines);
+
+			# Check if either of these lines are modified, else
+			# this is not this patch's fault.
+			if (!defined($stat_real) ||
+			    $stat !~ /^\+/ && $stat_real !~ /^\+/) {
+				$check = 0;
+			}
+			if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
+				$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
+			}
+
+			#print "line<$line> prevline<$prevline> indent<$indent> sindent<$sindent> check<$check> continuation<$continuation> s<$s> cond_lines<$cond_lines> stat_real<$stat_real> stat<$stat>\n";
+
+			if ($check && $s ne '' &&
+			    (($sindent % 8) != 0 ||
+			     ($sindent < $indent) ||
+			     ($sindent == $indent &&
+			      ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\}|\{|else\b)/)) ||
+			     ($sindent > $indent + 8))) {
+				WARN("SUSPECT_CODE_INDENT",
+				     "suspect code indent for conditional statements ($indent, $sindent)\n" . $herecurr . "$stat_real\n");
+			}
+		}
+
+		# Track the 'values' across context and added lines.
+		my $opline = $line; $opline =~ s/^./ /;
+		my ($curr_values, $curr_vars) =
+				annotate_values($opline . "\n", $prev_values);
+		$curr_values = $prev_values . $curr_values;
+		if ($dbg_values) {
+			my $outline = $opline; $outline =~ s/\t/ /g;
+			print "$linenr > .$outline\n";
+			print "$linenr > $curr_values\n";
+			print "$linenr >  $curr_vars\n";
+		}
+		$prev_values = substr($curr_values, -1);
+
+#ignore lines not being added
+		next if ($line =~ /^[^\+]/);
+
+# check for dereferences that span multiple lines
+		if ($prevline =~ /^\+.*$Lval\s*(?:\.|->)\s*$/ &&
+		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?!\#\s*(?!define\s+|if))\s*$Lval/) {
+			$prevline =~ /($Lval\s*(?:\.|->))\s*$/;
+			my $ref = $1;
+			$line =~ /^.\s*($Lval)/;
+			$ref .= $1;
+			$ref =~ s/\s//g;
+			WARN("MULTILINE_DEREFERENCE",
+			     "Avoid multiple line dereference - prefer '$ref'\n" . $hereprev);
+		}
+
+# check for declarations of signed or unsigned without int
+		while ($line =~ m{\b($Declare)\s*(?!char\b|short\b|int\b|long\b)\s*($Ident)?\s*[=,;\[\)\(]}g) {
+			my $type = $1;
+			my $var = $2;
+			$var = "" if (!defined $var);
+			if ($type =~ /^(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline|$Attribute)\s+)*((?:un)?signed)((?:\s*\*)*)\s*$/) {
+				my $sign = $1;
+				my $pointer = $2;
+
+				$pointer = "" if (!defined $pointer);
+
+				if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT",
+					 "Prefer '" . trim($sign) . " int" . rtrim($pointer) . "' to bare use of '$sign" . rtrim($pointer) . "'\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					my $decl = trim($sign) . " int ";
+					my $comp_pointer = $pointer;
+					$comp_pointer =~ s/\s//g;
+					$decl .= $comp_pointer;
+					$decl = rtrim($decl) if ($var eq "");
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\b$sign\s*\Q$pointer\E\s*$var\b@$decl$var@;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# TEST: allow direct testing of the type matcher.
+		if ($dbg_type) {
+			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Declare\s*$/) {
+				ERROR("TEST_TYPE",
+				      "TEST: is type\n" . $herecurr);
+			} elsif ($dbg_type > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Declare)/) {
+				ERROR("TEST_NOT_TYPE",
+				      "TEST: is not type ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
+			}
+			next;
+		}
+# TEST: allow direct testing of the attribute matcher.
+		if ($dbg_attr) {
+			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) {
+				ERROR("TEST_ATTR",
+				      "TEST: is attr\n" . $herecurr);
+			} elsif ($dbg_attr > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Modifier)/) {
+				ERROR("TEST_NOT_ATTR",
+				      "TEST: is not attr ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
+			}
+			next;
+		}
+
+# check for initialisation to aggregates open brace on the next line
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
+		    $prevline =~ /(?:^|[^=])=\s*$/) {
+			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
+				  "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
+				$fixedline =~ s/\s*=\s*$/ = {/;
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+				$fixedline = $line;
+				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1/;
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+			}
+		}
+
+#
+# Checks which are anchored on the added line.
+#
+
+# check for malformed paths in #include statements (uses RAW line)
+		if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[<"](.*)[">]}) {
+			my $path = $1;
+			if ($path =~ m{//}) {
+				ERROR("MALFORMED_INCLUDE",
+				      "malformed #include filename\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+			if ($path =~ "^uapi/" && $realfile =~ m@\binclude/uapi/@) {
+				ERROR("UAPI_INCLUDE",
+				      "No #include in ...include/uapi/... should use a uapi/ path prefix\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# no C99 // comments
+		if ($line =~ m{//}) {
+			if (ERROR("C99_COMMENTS",
+				  "do not use C99 // comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				my $line = $fixed[$fixlinenr];
+				if ($line =~ /\/\/(.*)$/) {
+					my $comment = trim($1);
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\/\/(.*)$@/\* $comment \*/@;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		# Remove C99 comments.
+		$line =~ s@//.*@@;
+		$opline =~ s@//.*@@;
+
+# EXPORT_SYMBOL should immediately follow the thing it is exporting, consider
+# the whole statement.
+#print "APW <$lines[$realline_next - 1]>\n";
+		if (defined $realline_next &&
+		    exists $lines[$realline_next - 1] &&
+		    !defined $suppress_export{$realline_next} &&
+		    ($lines[$realline_next - 1] =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/ ||
+		     $lines[$realline_next - 1] =~ /EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
+			# Handle definitions which produce identifiers with
+			# a prefix:
+			#   XXX(foo);
+			#   EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo);
+			my $name = $1;
+			if ($stat =~ /^(?:.\s*}\s*\n)?.([A-Z_]+)\s*\(\s*($Ident)/ &&
+			    $name =~ /^${Ident}_$2/) {
+#print "FOO C name<$name>\n";
+				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
+
+			} elsif ($stat !~ /(?:
+				\n.}\s*$|
+				^.DEFINE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
+				^.DECLARE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
+				^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)|
+				^.(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(|
+				\b\Q$name\E(?:\s+$Attribute)*\s*(?:;|=|\[|\()
+			    )/x) {
+#print "FOO A<$lines[$realline_next - 1]> stat<$stat> name<$name>\n";
+				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 2;
+			} else {
+				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
+		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*$/ &&
+		    ($line =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/ ||
+		     $line =~ /EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
+#print "FOO B <$lines[$linenr - 1]>\n";
+			$suppress_export{$linenr} = 2;
+		}
+		if (defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
+		    $suppress_export{$linenr} == 2) {
+			WARN("EXPORT_SYMBOL",
+			     "EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for global initialisers.
+		if ($line =~ /^\+$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*\s*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/) {
+			if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS",
+				  "do not initialise globals to $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
+			}
+		}
+# check for static initialisers.
+		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\bstatic\s.*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/) {
+			if (ERROR("INITIALISED_STATIC",
+				  "do not initialise statics to $1\n" .
+				      $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s.*?)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for misordered declarations of char/short/int/long with signed/unsigned
+		while ($sline =~ m{(\b$TypeMisordered\b)}g) {
+			my $tmp = trim($1);
+			WARN("MISORDERED_TYPE",
+			     "type '$tmp' should be specified in [[un]signed] [short|int|long|long long] order\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for static const char * arrays.
+		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+const\s+char\s*\*\s*(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*/) {
+			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
+			     "static const char * array should probably be static const char * const\n" .
+				$herecurr);
+               }
+
+# check for static char foo[] = "bar" declarations.
+		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+char\s+(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*"/) {
+			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
+			     "static char array declaration should probably be static const char\n" .
+				$herecurr);
+               }
+
+# check for const <foo> const where <foo> is not a pointer or array type
+		if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
+			my $found = $1;
+			if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\b\s*\*/) {
+				WARN("CONST_CONST",
+				     "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . $herecurr);
+			} elsif ($sline !~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\s+\w+\s*\[/) {
+				WARN("CONST_CONST",
+				     "'const $found const' should probably be 'const $found'\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", ...} declarations.
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s+(?:static\s+|const\s+)?char\s+\*\s*\w+\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*\{/) {
+			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
+			     "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" .
+				$herecurr);
+               }
+
+# check for sizeof(foo)/sizeof(foo[0]) that could be ARRAY_SIZE(foo)
+		if ($line =~ m@\bsizeof\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)@) {
+			my $array = $1;
+			if ($line =~ m@\b(sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\)\s*/\s*sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\[\s*0\s*\]\s*\))@) {
+				my $array_div = $1;
+				if (WARN("ARRAY_SIZE",
+					 "Prefer ARRAY_SIZE($array)\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$array_div\E/ARRAY_SIZE($array)/;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for function declarations without arguments like "int foo()"
+		if ($line =~ /(\b$Type\s+$Ident)\s*\(\s*\)/) {
+			if (ERROR("FUNCTION_WITHOUT_ARGS",
+				  "Bad function definition - $1() should probably be $1(void)\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\b($Type)\s+($Ident))\s*\(\s*\)/$2 $3(void)/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for new typedefs, only function parameters and sparse annotations
+# make sense.
+		if ($line =~ /\btypedef\s/ &&
+		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s*\(\s*\*?$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/ &&
+		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s+$Ident\s*\(/ &&
+		    $line !~ /\b$typeTypedefs\b/ &&
+		    $line !~ /\b__bitwise\b/) {
+			WARN("NEW_TYPEDEFS",
+			     "do not add new typedefs\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# * goes on variable not on type
+		# (char*[ const])
+		while ($line =~ m{(\($NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)\))}g) {
+			#print "AA<$1>\n";
+			my ($ident, $from, $to) = ($1, $2, $2);
+
+			# Should start with a space.
+			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
+			# Should not end with a space.
+			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
+			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
+			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
+			}
+
+##			print "1: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
+			if ($from ne $to) {
+				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
+					  "\"(foo$from)\" should be \"(foo$to)\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					my $sub_from = $ident;
+					my $sub_to = $ident;
+					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		while ($line =~ m{(\b$NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) {
+			#print "BB<$1>\n";
+			my ($match, $from, $to, $ident) = ($1, $2, $2, $3);
+
+			# Should start with a space.
+			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
+			# Should not end with a space.
+			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
+			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
+			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
+			}
+			# Modifiers should have spaces.
+			$to =~ s/(\b$Modifier$)/$1 /;
+
+##			print "2: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
+			if ($from ne $to && $ident !~ /^$Modifier$/) {
+				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
+					  "\"foo${from}bar\" should be \"foo${to}bar\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+
+					my $sub_from = $match;
+					my $sub_to = $match;
+					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# avoid BUG() or BUG_ON()
+		if ($line =~ /\b(?:BUG|BUG_ON)\b/) {
+			my $msg_level = \&WARN;
+			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
+			&{$msg_level}("AVOID_BUG",
+				      "Avoid crashing the kernel - try using WARN_ON & recovery code rather than BUG() or BUG_ON()\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# avoid LINUX_VERSION_CODE
+		if ($line =~ /\bLINUX_VERSION_CODE\b/) {
+			WARN("LINUX_VERSION_CODE",
+			     "LINUX_VERSION_CODE should be avoided, code should be for the version to which it is merged\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for uses of printk_ratelimit
+		if ($line =~ /\bprintk_ratelimit\s*\(/) {
+			WARN("PRINTK_RATELIMITED",
+			     "Prefer printk_ratelimited or pr_<level>_ratelimited to printk_ratelimit\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# printk should use KERN_* levels
+		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*(?!KERN_[A-Z]+\b)/) {
+			WARN("PRINTK_WITHOUT_KERN_LEVEL",
+			     "printk() should include KERN_<LEVEL> facility level\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
+			my $orig = $1;
+			my $level = lc($orig);
+			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
+			my $level2 = $level;
+			$level2 = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
+			WARN("PREFER_PR_LEVEL",
+			     "Prefer [subsystem eg: netdev]_$level2([subsystem]dev, ... then dev_$level2(dev, ... then pr_$level(...  to printk(KERN_$orig ...\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+		if ($line =~ /\bpr_warning\s*\(/) {
+			if (WARN("PREFER_PR_LEVEL",
+				 "Prefer pr_warn(... to pr_warning(...\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/\bpr_warning\b/pr_warn/;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ($line =~ /\bdev_printk\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
+			my $orig = $1;
+			my $level = lc($orig);
+			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
+			$level = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
+			WARN("PREFER_DEV_LEVEL",
+			     "Prefer dev_$level(... to dev_printk(KERN_$orig, ...\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# ENOSYS means "bad syscall nr" and nothing else.  This will have a small
+# number of false positives, but assembly files are not checked, so at
+# least the arch entry code will not trigger this warning.
+		if ($line =~ /\bENOSYS\b/) {
+			WARN("ENOSYS",
+			     "ENOSYS means 'invalid syscall nr' and nothing else\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# function brace can't be on same line, except for #defines of do while,
+# or if closed on same line
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $sline =~ /$Type\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*\{/ &&
+		    $sline !~ /\#\s*define\b.*do\s*\{/ &&
+		    $sline !~ /}/) {
+			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
+				  "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+				my $fixed_line = $rawline;
+				$fixed_line =~ /(^..*$Type\s*$Ident\(.*\)\s*){(.*)$/;
+				my $line1 = $1;
+				my $line2 = $2;
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, ltrim($line1));
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+{");
+				if ($line2 !~ /^\s*$/) {
+					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+\t" . trim($line2));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line.
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
+		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?\s*$/) {
+			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
+				  "open brace '{' following $1 go on the same line\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+				my $fixedline = rtrim($prevrawline) . " {";
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+				$fixedline = $rawline;
+				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1\t/;
+				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
+					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# missing space after union, struct or enum definition
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2}[=\{]/) {
+			if (WARN("SPACING",
+				 "missing space after $1 definition\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/^(.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(?:enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2})([=\{])/$1 $2/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# Function pointer declarations
+# check spacing between type, funcptr, and args
+# canonical declaration is "type (*funcptr)(args...)"
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*($Declare)\((\s*)\*(\s*)($Ident)(\s*)\)(\s*)\(/) {
+			my $declare = $1;
+			my $pre_pointer_space = $2;
+			my $post_pointer_space = $3;
+			my $funcname = $4;
+			my $post_funcname_space = $5;
+			my $pre_args_space = $6;
+
+# the $Declare variable will capture all spaces after the type
+# so check it for a missing trailing missing space but pointer return types
+# don't need a space so don't warn for those.
+			my $post_declare_space = "";
+			if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) {
+				$post_declare_space = $1;
+				$declare = rtrim($declare);
+			}
+			if ($declare !~ /\*$/ && $post_declare_space =~ /^$/) {
+				WARN("SPACING",
+				     "missing space after return type\n" . $herecurr);
+				$post_declare_space = " ";
+			}
+
+# unnecessary space "type  (*funcptr)(args...)"
+# This test is not currently implemented because these declarations are
+# equivalent to
+#	int  foo(int bar, ...)
+# and this is form shouldn't/doesn't generate a checkpatch warning.
+#
+#			elsif ($declare =~ /\s{2,}$/) {
+#				WARN("SPACING",
+#				     "Multiple spaces after return type\n" . $herecurr);
+#			}
+
+# unnecessary space "type ( *funcptr)(args...)"
+			if (defined $pre_pointer_space &&
+			    $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
+				WARN("SPACING",
+				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer open parenthesis\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+# unnecessary space "type (* funcptr)(args...)"
+			if (defined $post_pointer_space &&
+			    $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
+				WARN("SPACING",
+				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr )(args...)"
+			if (defined $post_funcname_space &&
+			    $post_funcname_space =~ /^\s/) {
+				WARN("SPACING",
+				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr) (args...)"
+			if (defined $pre_args_space &&
+			    $pre_args_space =~ /^\s/) {
+				WARN("SPACING",
+				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+			if (show_type("SPACING") && $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/^(.\s*)$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/$1 . $declare . $post_declare_space . '(*' . $funcname . ')('/ex;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for spacing round square brackets; allowed:
+#  1. with a type on the left -- int [] a;
+#  2. at the beginning of a line for slice initialisers -- [0...10] = 5,
+#  3. inside a curly brace -- = { [0...10] = 5 }
+		while ($line =~ /(.*?\s)\[/g) {
+			my ($where, $prefix) = ($-[1], $1);
+			if ($prefix !~ /$Type\s+$/ &&
+			    ($where != 0 || $prefix !~ /^.\s+$/) &&
+			    $prefix !~ /[{,:]\s+$/) {
+				if (ERROR("BRACKET_SPACE",
+					  "space prohibited before open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+					s/^(\+.*?)\s+\[/$1\[/;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for spaces between functions and their parentheses.
+		while ($line =~ /($Ident)\s+\(/g) {
+			my $name = $1;
+			my $ctx_before = substr($line, 0, $-[1]);
+			my $ctx = "$ctx_before$name";
+
+			# Ignore those directives where spaces _are_ permitted.
+			if ($name =~ /^(?:
+				if|for|while|switch|return|case|
+				volatile|__volatile__|
+				__attribute__|format|__extension__|
+				asm|__asm__)$/x)
+			{
+			# cpp #define statements have non-optional spaces, ie
+			# if there is a space between the name and the open
+			# parenthesis it is simply not a parameter group.
+			} elsif ($ctx_before =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$/) {
+
+			# cpp #elif statement condition may start with a (
+			} elsif ($ctx =~ /^.\s*\#\s*elif\s*$/) {
+
+			# If this whole things ends with a type its most
+			# likely a typedef for a function.
+			} elsif ($ctx =~ /$Type$/) {
+
+			} else {
+				if (WARN("SPACING",
+					 "space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
+					     $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+					    s/\b$name\s+\(/$name\(/;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check operator spacing.
+		if (!($line=~/\#\s*include/)) {
+			my $fixed_line = "";
+			my $line_fixed = 0;
+
+			my $ops = qr{
+				<<=|>>=|<=|>=|==|!=|
+				\+=|-=|\*=|\/=|%=|\^=|\|=|&=|
+				=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|=|!|~|
+				&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%|
+				\?:|\?|:
+			}x;
+			my @elements = split(/($ops|;)/, $opline);
+
+##			print("element count: <" . $#elements . ">\n");
+##			foreach my $el (@elements) {
+##				print("el: <$el>\n");
+##			}
+
+			my @fix_elements = ();
+			my $off = 0;
+
+			foreach my $el (@elements) {
+				push(@fix_elements, substr($rawline, $off, length($el)));
+				$off += length($el);
+			}
+
+			$off = 0;
+
+			my $blank = copy_spacing($opline);
+			my $last_after = -1;
+
+			for (my $n = 0; $n < $#elements; $n += 2) {
+
+				my $good = $fix_elements[$n] . $fix_elements[$n + 1];
+
+##				print("n: <$n> good: <$good>\n");
+
+				$off += length($elements[$n]);
+
+				# Pick up the preceding and succeeding characters.
+				my $ca = substr($opline, 0, $off);
+				my $cc = '';
+				if (length($opline) >= ($off + length($elements[$n + 1]))) {
+					$cc = substr($opline, $off + length($elements[$n + 1]));
+				}
+				my $cb = "$ca$;$cc";
+
+				my $a = '';
+				$a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne '');
+				$a = 'W' if ($elements[$n] =~ /\s$/);
+				$a = 'C' if ($elements[$n] =~ /$;$/);
+				$a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/);
+				$a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq '');
+				$a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/);
+
+				my $op = $elements[$n + 1];
+
+				my $c = '';
+				if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) {
+					$c = 'V' if ($elements[$n + 2] ne '');
+					$c = 'W' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s/);
+					$c = 'C' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^$;/);
+					$c = 'B' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^(\)|\]|;)/);
+					$c = 'O' if ($elements[$n + 2] eq '');
+					$c = 'E' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s*\\$/);
+				} else {
+					$c = 'E';
+				}
+
+				my $ctx = "${a}x${c}";
+
+				my $at = "(ctx:$ctx)";
+
+				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $off) . "^";
+				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
+
+				# Pull out the value of this operator.
+				my $op_type = substr($curr_values, $off + 1, 1);
+
+				# Get the full operator variant.
+				my $opv = $op . substr($curr_vars, $off, 1);
+
+				# Ignore operators passed as parameters.
+				if ($op_type ne 'V' &&
+				    $ca =~ /\s$/ && $cc =~ /^\s*[,\)]/) {
+
+#				# Ignore comments
+#				} elsif ($op =~ /^$;+$/) {
+
+				# ; should have either the end of line or a space or \ after it
+				} elsif ($op eq ';') {
+					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEBC]/ &&
+					    $cc !~ /^\\/ && $cc !~ /^;/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+
+				# // is a comment
+				} elsif ($op eq '//') {
+
+				#   :   when part of a bitfield
+				} elsif ($opv eq ':B') {
+					# skip the bitfield test for now
+
+				# No spaces for:
+				#   ->
+				} elsif ($op eq '->') {
+					if ($ctx =~ /Wx.|.xW/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "spaces prohibited around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
+								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
+							}
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+
+				# , must not have a space before and must have a space on the right.
+				} elsif ($op eq ',') {
+					my $rtrim_before = 0;
+					my $space_after = 0;
+					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+							$rtrim_before = 1;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEC]/ && $cc !~ /^}/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+							$last_after = $n;
+							$space_after = 1;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($rtrim_before || $space_after) {
+						if ($rtrim_before) {
+							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+						} else {
+							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+						}
+						if ($space_after) {
+							$good .= " ";
+						}
+					}
+
+				# '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already.
+				} elsif ($opv eq '*_') {
+					#warn "'*' is part of type\n";
+
+				# unary operators should have a space before and
+				# none after.  May be left adjacent to another
+				# unary operator, or a cast
+				} elsif ($op eq '!' || $op eq '~' ||
+					 $opv eq '*U' || $opv eq '-U' ||
+					 $opv eq '&U' || $opv eq '&&U') {
+					if ($ctx !~ /[WEBC]x./ && $ca !~ /(?:\)|!|~|\*|-|\&|\||\+\+|\-\-|\{)$/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space required before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							if ($n != $last_after + 2) {
+								$good = $fix_elements[$n] . " " . ltrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+								$line_fixed = 1;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					if ($op eq '*' && $cc =~/\s*$Modifier\b/) {
+						# A unary '*' may be const
+
+					} elsif ($ctx =~ /.xW/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
+								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
+							}
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+
+				# unary ++ and unary -- are allowed no space on one side.
+				} elsif ($op eq '++' or $op eq '--') {
+					if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ ||
+					    ($ctx =~ /Wx./ && $cc =~ /^;/)) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($ctx =~ /ExW/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
+								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
+							}
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+
+				# << and >> may either have or not have spaces both sides
+				} elsif ($op eq '<<' or $op eq '>>' or
+					 $op eq '&' or $op eq '^' or $op eq '|' or
+					 $op eq '+' or $op eq '-' or
+					 $op eq '*' or $op eq '/' or
+					 $op eq '%')
+				{
+					if ($check) {
+						if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /[EW]x[EW]/) {
+							if (CHK("SPACING",
+								"spaces preferred around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
+								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
+								$line_fixed = 1;
+							}
+						} elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) {
+							if (CHK("SPACING",
+								"space preferred before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+								$line_fixed = 1;
+							}
+						}
+					} elsif ($ctx =~ /Wx[^WCE]|[^WCE]xW/) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "need consistent spacing around '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
+							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
+								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
+							}
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+
+				# A colon needs no spaces before when it is
+				# terminating a case value or a label.
+				} elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') {
+					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./) {
+						if (ERROR("SPACING",
+							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+
+				# All the others need spaces both sides.
+				} elsif ($ctx !~ /[EWC]x[CWE]/) {
+					my $ok = 0;
+
+					# Ignore email addresses <foo@bar>
+					if (($op eq '<' &&
+					     $cc =~ /^\S+\@\S+>/) ||
+					    ($op eq '>' &&
+					     $ca =~ /<\S+\@\S+$/))
+					{
+					    	$ok = 1;
+					}
+
+					# for asm volatile statements
+					# ignore a colon with another
+					# colon immediately before or after
+					if (($op eq ':') &&
+					    ($ca =~ /:$/ || $cc =~ /^:/)) {
+						$ok = 1;
+					}
+
+					# messages are ERROR, but ?: are CHK
+					if ($ok == 0) {
+						my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
+						$msg_level = \&CHK if (($op eq '?:' || $op eq '?' || $op eq ':') && $ctx =~ /VxV/);
+
+						if (&{$msg_level}("SPACING",
+								  "spaces required around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
+							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
+							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
+								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
+							}
+							$line_fixed = 1;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				$off += length($elements[$n + 1]);
+
+##				print("n: <$n> GOOD: <$good>\n");
+
+				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $good;
+			}
+
+			if (($#elements % 2) == 0) {
+				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $fix_elements[$#elements];
+			}
+
+			if ($fix && $line_fixed && $fixed_line ne $fixed[$fixlinenr]) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = $fixed_line;
+			}
+
+
+		}
+
+# check for whitespace before a non-naked semicolon
+		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\S\s+;\s*$/) {
+			if (WARN("SPACING",
+				 "space prohibited before semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				1 while $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/^(\+.*\S)\s+;/$1;/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for multiple assignments
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Lval\s*=\s*$Lval\s*=(?!=)/) {
+			CHK("MULTIPLE_ASSIGNMENTS",
+			    "multiple assignments should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+## # check for multiple declarations, allowing for a function declaration
+## # continuation.
+## 		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Ident.*/ &&
+## 		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident.*/) {
+##
+## 			# Remove any bracketed sections to ensure we do not
+## 			# falsly report the parameters of functions.
+## 			my $ln = $line;
+## 			while ($ln =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g) {
+## 			}
+## 			if ($ln =~ /,/) {
+## 				WARN("MULTIPLE_DECLARATION",
+##				     "declaring multiple variables together should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
+## 			}
+## 		}
+
+#need space before brace following if, while, etc
+		if (($line =~ /\(.*\)\{/ && $line !~ /\($Type\)\{/) ||
+		    $line =~ /do\{/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "space required before the open brace '{'\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(?:do|\)))\{/$1 {/;
+			}
+		}
+
+## # check for blank lines before declarations
+##		if ($line =~ /^.\t+$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=.*)?;/ &&
+##		    $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/) {
+##			WARN("SPACING",
+##			     "No blank lines before declarations\n" . $hereprev);
+##		}
+##
+
+# closing brace should have a space following it when it has anything
+# on the line
+		if ($line =~ /}(?!(?:,|;|\)))\S/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "space required after that close brace '}'\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/}((?!(?:,|;|\)))\S)/} $1/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check spacing on square brackets
+		if ($line =~ /\[\s/ && $line !~ /\[\s*$/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/\[\s+/\[/;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($line =~ /\s\]/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "space prohibited before that close square bracket ']'\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/\s+\]/\]/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check spacing on parentheses
+		if ($line =~ /\(\s/ && $line !~ /\(\s*(?:\\)?$/ &&
+		    $line !~ /for\s*\(\s+;/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "space prohibited after that open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/\(\s+/\(/;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($line =~ /(\s+)\)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\)/ &&
+		    $line !~ /for\s*\(.*;\s+\)/ &&
+		    $line !~ /:\s+\)/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "space prohibited before that close parenthesis ')'\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/\s+\)/\)/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check unnecessary parentheses around addressof/dereference single $Lvals
+# ie: &(foo->bar) should be &foo->bar and *(foo->bar) should be *foo->bar
+
+		while ($line =~ /(?:[^&]&\s*|\*)\(\s*($Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+)\s*\)/g) {
+			my $var = $1;
+			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
+				"Unnecessary parentheses around $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$var\E\s*\)/$var/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for unnecessary parentheses around function pointer uses
+# ie: (foo->bar)(); should be foo->bar();
+# but not "if (foo->bar) (" to avoid some false positives
+		if ($line =~ /(\bif\s*|)(\(\s*$Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+\))[ \t]*\(/ && $1 !~ /^if/) {
+			my $var = $2;
+			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
+				"Unnecessary parentheses around function pointer $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				my $var2 = deparenthesize($var);
+				$var2 =~ s/\s//g;
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$var\E/$var2/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for unnecessary parentheses around comparisons in if uses
+# when !drivers/staging or command-line uses --strict
+		if (($realfile !~ m@^(?:drivers/staging/)@ || $check_orig) &&
+		    $^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 && defined($stat) &&
+		    $stat =~ /(^.\s*if\s*($balanced_parens))/) {
+			my $if_stat = $1;
+			my $test = substr($2, 1, -1);
+			my $herectx;
+			while ($test =~ /(?:^|[^\w\&\!\~])+\s*\(\s*([\&\!\~]?\s*$Lval\s*(?:$Compare\s*$FuncArg)?)\s*\)/g) {
+				my $match = $1;
+				# avoid parentheses around potential macro args
+				next if ($match =~ /^\s*\w+\s*$/);
+				if (!defined($herectx)) {
+					$herectx = $here . "\n";
+					my $cnt = statement_rawlines($if_stat);
+					for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
+						my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
+						$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
+						last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
+					}
+				}
+				CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
+				    "Unnecessary parentheses around '$match'\n" . $herectx);
+			}
+		}
+
+#goto labels aren't indented, allow a single space however
+		if ($line=~/^.\s+[A-Za-z\d_]+:(?![0-9]+)/ and
+		   !($line=~/^. [A-Za-z\d_]+:/) and !($line=~/^.\s+default:/)) {
+			if (WARN("INDENTED_LABEL",
+				 "labels should not be indented\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/^(.)\s+/$1/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# return is not a function
+		if (defined($stat) && $stat =~ /^.\s*return(\s*)\(/s) {
+			my $spacing = $1;
+			if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+			    $stat =~ /^.\s*return\s*($balanced_parens)\s*;\s*$/) {
+				my $value = $1;
+				$value = deparenthesize($value);
+				if ($value =~ m/^\s*$FuncArg\s*(?:\?|$)/) {
+					ERROR("RETURN_PARENTHESES",
+					      "return is not a function, parentheses are not required\n" . $herecurr);
+				}
+			} elsif ($spacing !~ /\s+/) {
+				ERROR("SPACING",
+				      "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# unnecessary return in a void function
+# at end-of-function, with the previous line a single leading tab, then return;
+# and the line before that not a goto label target like "out:"
+		if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ &&
+		    $prevline =~ /^\+\treturn\s*;\s*$/ &&
+		    $linenr >= 3 &&
+		    $lines[$linenr - 3] =~ /^[ +]/ &&
+		    $lines[$linenr - 3] !~ /^[ +]\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
+			WARN("RETURN_VOID",
+			     "void function return statements are not generally useful\n" . $hereprev);
+               }
+
+# if statements using unnecessary parentheses - ie: if ((foo == bar))
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $line =~ /\bif\s*((?:\(\s*){2,})/) {
+			my $openparens = $1;
+			my $count = $openparens =~ tr@\(@\(@;
+			my $msg = "";
+			if ($line =~ /\bif\s*(?:\(\s*){$count,$count}$LvalOrFunc\s*($Compare)\s*$LvalOrFunc(?:\s*\)){$count,$count}/) {
+				my $comp = $4;	#Not $1 because of $LvalOrFunc
+				$msg = " - maybe == should be = ?" if ($comp eq "==");
+				WARN("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
+				     "Unnecessary parentheses$msg\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# comparisons with a constant or upper case identifier on the left
+#	avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz"
+#	only fix matches surrounded by parentheses to avoid incorrect
+#	conversions like "FOO < baz() + 5" being "misfixed" to "baz() > FOO + 5"
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $line =~ /^\+(.*)\b($Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)\s*($Compare)\s*($LvalOrFunc)/) {
+			my $lead = $1;
+			my $const = $2;
+			my $comp = $3;
+			my $to = $4;
+			my $newcomp = $comp;
+			if ($lead !~ /(?:$Operators|\.)\s*$/ &&
+			    $to !~ /^(?:Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)$/ &&
+			    WARN("CONSTANT_COMPARISON",
+				 "Comparisons should place the constant on the right side of the test\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				if ($comp eq "<") {
+					$newcomp = ">";
+				} elsif ($comp eq "<=") {
+					$newcomp = ">=";
+				} elsif ($comp eq ">") {
+					$newcomp = "<";
+				} elsif ($comp eq ">=") {
+					$newcomp = "<=";
+				}
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$const\E\s*$Compare\s*\Q$to\E\s*\)/($to $newcomp $const)/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# Return of what appears to be an errno should normally be negative
+		if ($sline =~ /\breturn(?:\s*\(+\s*|\s+)(E[A-Z]+)(?:\s*\)+\s*|\s*)[;:,]/) {
+			my $name = $1;
+			if ($name ne 'EOF' && $name ne 'ERROR') {
+				WARN("USE_NEGATIVE_ERRNO",
+				     "return of an errno should typically be negative (ie: return -$1)\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# Need a space before open parenthesis after if, while etc
+		if ($line =~ /\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/$1 \(/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for illegal assignment in if conditional -- and check for trailing
+# statements after the conditional.
+		if ($line =~ /do\s*(?!{)/) {
+			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
+				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
+					if (!defined $stat);
+			my ($stat_next) = ctx_statement_block($line_nr_next,
+						$remain_next, $off_next);
+			$stat_next =~ s/\n./\n /g;
+			##print "stat<$stat> stat_next<$stat_next>\n";
+
+			if ($stat_next =~ /^\s*while\b/) {
+				# If the statement carries leading newlines,
+				# then count those as offsets.
+				my ($whitespace) =
+					($stat_next =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
+				my $offset =
+					statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
+
+				$suppress_whiletrailers{$line_nr_next +
+								$offset} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!defined $suppress_whiletrailers{$linenr} &&
+		    defined($stat) && defined($cond) &&
+		    $line =~ /\b(?:if|while|for)\s*\(/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/) {
+			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
+
+			if ($c =~ /\bif\s*\(.*[^<>!=]=[^=].*/s) {
+				ERROR("ASSIGN_IN_IF",
+				      "do not use assignment in if condition\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
+			# conditional.
+			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
+			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
+			$s =~ s/$;//g; 	# Remove any comments
+			if (length($c) && $s !~ /^\s*{?\s*\\*\s*$/ &&
+			    $c !~ /}\s*while\s*/)
+			{
+				# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
+				my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
+				my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
+				my $stat_real = '';
+
+				$stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines)
+							. "\n" if ($cond_lines);
+				if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
+					$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
+				}
+
+				ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
+				      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr . $stat_real);
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for bitwise tests written as boolean
+		if ($line =~ /
+			(?:
+				(?:\[|\(|\&\&|\|\|)
+				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
+				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
+			|
+				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
+				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
+				(?:\&\&|\|\||\)|\])
+			)/x)
+		{
+			WARN("HEXADECIMAL_BOOLEAN_TEST",
+			     "boolean test with hexadecimal, perhaps just 1 \& or \|?\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# if and else should not have general statements after it
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:}\s*)?else\b(.*)/) {
+			my $s = $1;
+			$s =~ s/$;//g; 	# Remove any comments
+			if ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\sif|(?:{|)\s*\\?\s*$)/) {
+				ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
+				      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+# if should not continue a brace
+		if ($line =~ /}\s*if\b/) {
+			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
+			      "trailing statements should be on next line (or did you mean 'else if'?)\n" .
+				$herecurr);
+		}
+# case and default should not have general statements after them
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:case\s*.*|default\s*):/g &&
+		    $line !~ /\G(?:
+			(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*{)?(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*\\)?\s*$|
+			\s*return\s+
+		    )/xg)
+		{
+			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
+			      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+		# Check for }<nl>else {, these must be at the same
+		# indent level to be relevant to each other.
+		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*else\s*/ &&
+		    $previndent == $indent) {
+			if (ERROR("ELSE_AFTER_BRACE",
+				  "else should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
+				$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$//;
+				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
+					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+				}
+				$fixedline = $rawline;
+				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)else/$1} else/;
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*while\s*/ &&
+		    $previndent == $indent) {
+			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
+
+			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
+			# conditional.
+			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
+			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
+
+			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
+				if (ERROR("WHILE_AFTER_BRACE",
+					  "while should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
+				    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
+					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
+					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+					my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
+					my $trailing = $rawline;
+					$trailing =~ s/^\+//;
+					$trailing = trim($trailing);
+					$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$/} $trailing/;
+					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+#Specific variable tests
+		while ($line =~ m{($Constant|$Lval)}g) {
+			my $var = $1;
+
+#gcc binary extension
+			if ($var =~ /^$Binary$/) {
+				if (WARN("GCC_BINARY_CONSTANT",
+					 "Avoid gcc v4.3+ binary constant extension: <$var>\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					my $hexval = sprintf("0x%x", oct($var));
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+					    s/\b$var\b/$hexval/;
+				}
+			}
+
+#CamelCase
+			if ($var !~ /^$Constant$/ &&
+			    $var =~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/ &&
+#Ignore Page<foo> variants
+			    $var !~ /^(?:Clear|Set|TestClear|TestSet|)Page[A-Z]/ &&
+#Ignore SI style variants like nS, mV and dB (ie: max_uV, regulator_min_uA_show)
+			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z_]*?)_?[a-z][A-Z](?:_[a-z_]+)?$/ &&
+#Ignore some three character SI units explicitly, like MiB and KHz
+			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z_]*?)_?(?:[KMGT]iB|[KMGT]?Hz)(?:_[a-z_]+)?$/) {
+				while ($var =~ m{($Ident)}g) {
+					my $word = $1;
+					next if ($word !~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/);
+					if ($check) {
+						seed_camelcase_includes();
+						if (!$file && !$camelcase_file_seeded) {
+							seed_camelcase_file($realfile);
+							$camelcase_file_seeded = 1;
+						}
+					}
+					if (!defined $camelcase{$word}) {
+						$camelcase{$word} = 1;
+						CHK("CAMELCASE",
+						    "Avoid CamelCase: <$word>\n" . $herecurr);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+#no spaces allowed after \ in define
+		if ($line =~ /\#\s*define.*\\\s+$/) {
+			if (WARN("WHITESPACE_AFTER_LINE_CONTINUATION",
+				 "Whitespace after \\ makes next lines useless\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
+			}
+		}
+
+# warn if <asm/foo.h> is #included and <linux/foo.h> is available and includes
+# itself <asm/foo.h> (uses RAW line)
+		if ($tree && $rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s*\<asm\/(.*)\.h\>}) {
+			my $file = "$1.h";
+			my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file";
+			if (-f "$root/$checkfile" &&
+			    $realfile ne $checkfile &&
+			    $1 !~ /$allowed_asm_includes/)
+			{
+				my $asminclude = `grep -Ec "#include\\s+<asm/$file>" $root/$checkfile`;
+				if ($asminclude > 0) {
+					if ($realfile =~ m{^arch/}) {
+						CHK("ARCH_INCLUDE_LINUX",
+						    "Consider using #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
+					} else {
+						WARN("INCLUDE_LINUX",
+						     "Use #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# multi-statement macros should be enclosed in a do while loop, grab the
+# first statement and ensure its the whole macro if its not enclosed
+# in a known good container
+		if ($realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
+		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$Ident(\()?/) {
+			my $ln = $linenr;
+			my $cnt = $realcnt;
+			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
+			my $ctx = '';
+			my $has_flow_statement = 0;
+			my $has_arg_concat = 0;
+			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
+				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
+			$ctx = $dstat;
+			#print "dstat<$dstat> dcond<$dcond> cnt<$cnt> off<$off>\n";
+			#print "LINE<$lines[$ln-1]> len<" . length($lines[$ln-1]) . "\n";
+
+			$has_flow_statement = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\b(goto|return)\b/);
+			$has_arg_concat = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\#\#/ && $ctx !~ /\#\#\s*(?:__VA_ARGS__|args)\b/);
+
+			$dstat =~ s/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\([^\)]*\))?\s*//;
+			my $define_args = $1;
+			my $define_stmt = $dstat;
+			my @def_args = ();
+
+			if (defined $define_args && $define_args ne "") {
+				$define_args = substr($define_args, 1, length($define_args) - 2);
+				$define_args =~ s/\s*//g;
+				@def_args = split(",", $define_args);
+			}
+
+			$dstat =~ s/$;//g;
+			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
+			$dstat =~ s/^\s*//s;
+			$dstat =~ s/\s*$//s;
+
+			# Flatten any parentheses and braces
+			while ($dstat =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)/1/ ||
+			       $dstat =~ s/\{[^\{\}]*\}/1/ ||
+			       $dstat =~ s/.\[[^\[\]]*\]/1/)
+			{
+			}
+
+			# Flatten any obvious string concatentation.
+			while ($dstat =~ s/($String)\s*$Ident/$1/ ||
+			       $dstat =~ s/$Ident\s*($String)/$1/)
+			{
+			}
+
+			# Make asm volatile uses seem like a generic function
+			$dstat =~ s/\b_*asm_*\s+_*volatile_*\b/asm_volatile/g;
+
+			my $exceptions = qr{
+				$Declare|
+				module_param_named|
+				MODULE_PARM_DESC|
+				DECLARE_PER_CPU|
+				DEFINE_PER_CPU|
+				__typeof__\(|
+				union|
+				struct|
+				\.$Ident\s*=\s*|
+				^\"|\"$|
+				^\[
+			}x;
+			#print "REST<$rest> dstat<$dstat> ctx<$ctx>\n";
+
+			$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
+			my $stmt_cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
+			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $stmt_cnt, $here);
+
+			if ($dstat ne '' &&
+			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant),$/ &&			# 10, // foo(),
+			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant);$/ &&			# foo();
+			    $dstat !~ /^[!~-]?(?:$Lval|$Constant)$/ &&		# 10 // foo() // !foo // ~foo // -foo // foo->bar // foo.bar->baz
+			    $dstat !~ /^'X'$/ && $dstat !~ /^'XX'$/ &&			# character constants
+			    $dstat !~ /$exceptions/ &&
+			    $dstat !~ /^\.$Ident\s*=/ &&				# .foo =
+			    $dstat !~ /^(?:\#\s*$Ident|\#\s*$Constant)\s*$/ &&		# stringification #foo
+			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*$Constant\s*while\s*$Constant;?$/ &&	# do {...} while (...); // do {...} while (...)
+			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant$/ &&				# for (...)
+			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)$/ &&	# for (...) bar()
+			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*{/ &&					# do {...
+			    $dstat !~ /^\(\{/ &&						# ({...
+			    $ctx !~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s+TRACE_(?:SYSTEM|INCLUDE_FILE|INCLUDE_PATH)\b/)
+			{
+				if ($dstat =~ /^\s*if\b/) {
+					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
+					      "Macros starting with if should be enclosed by a do - while loop to avoid possible if/else logic defects\n" . "$herectx");
+				} elsif ($dstat =~ /;/) {
+					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
+					      "Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while loop\n" . "$herectx");
+				} else {
+					ERROR("COMPLEX_MACRO",
+					      "Macros with complex values should be enclosed in parentheses\n" . "$herectx");
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			# Make $define_stmt single line, comment-free, etc
+			my @stmt_array = split('\n', $define_stmt);
+			my $first = 1;
+			$define_stmt = "";
+			foreach my $l (@stmt_array) {
+				$l =~ s/\\$//;
+				if ($first) {
+					$define_stmt = $l;
+					$first = 0;
+				} elsif ($l =~ /^[\+ ]/) {
+					$define_stmt .= substr($l, 1);
+				}
+			}
+			$define_stmt =~ s/$;//g;
+			$define_stmt =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+			$define_stmt = trim($define_stmt);
+
+# check if any macro arguments are reused (ignore '...' and 'type')
+			foreach my $arg (@def_args) {
+			        next if ($arg =~ /\.\.\./);
+			        next if ($arg =~ /^type$/i);
+				my $tmp_stmt = $define_stmt;
+				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b(typeof|__typeof__|__builtin\w+|typecheck\s*\(\s*$Type\s*,|\#+)\s*\(*\s*$arg\s*\)*\b//g;
+				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\#+\s*$arg\b//g;
+				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b$arg\s*\#\#//g;
+				my $use_cnt = $tmp_stmt =~ s/\b$arg\b//g;
+				if ($use_cnt > 1) {
+					CHK("MACRO_ARG_REUSE",
+					    "Macro argument reuse '$arg' - possible side-effects?\n" . "$herectx");
+				    }
+# check if any macro arguments may have other precedence issues
+				if ($tmp_stmt =~ m/($Operators)?\s*\b$arg\b\s*($Operators)?/m &&
+				    ((defined($1) && $1 ne ',') ||
+				     (defined($2) && $2 ne ','))) {
+					CHK("MACRO_ARG_PRECEDENCE",
+					    "Macro argument '$arg' may be better as '($arg)' to avoid precedence issues\n" . "$herectx");
+				}
+			}
+
+# check for macros with flow control, but without ## concatenation
+# ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those
+			if ($has_flow_statement && !$has_arg_concat) {
+				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
+				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
+
+				WARN("MACRO_WITH_FLOW_CONTROL",
+				     "Macros with flow control statements should be avoided\n" . "$herectx");
+			}
+
+# check for line continuations outside of #defines, preprocessor #, and asm
+
+		} else {
+			if ($prevline !~ /^..*\\$/ &&
+			    $line !~ /^\+\s*\#.*\\$/ &&		# preprocessor
+			    $line !~ /^\+.*\b(__asm__|asm)\b.*\\$/ &&	# asm
+			    $line =~ /^\+.*\\$/) {
+				WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
+				     "Avoid unnecessary line continuations\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# do {} while (0) macro tests:
+# single-statement macros do not need to be enclosed in do while (0) loop,
+# macro should not end with a semicolon
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
+		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\()?/) {
+			my $ln = $linenr;
+			my $cnt = $realcnt;
+			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
+			my $ctx = '';
+			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
+				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
+			$ctx = $dstat;
+
+			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
+			$dstat =~ s/$;/ /g;
+
+			if ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident\s*${balanced_parens}\s*do\s*{(.*)\s*}\s*while\s*\(\s*0\s*\)\s*([;\s]*)\s*$/) {
+				my $stmts = $2;
+				my $semis = $3;
+
+				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
+				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
+				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
+
+				if (($stmts =~ tr/;/;/) == 1 &&
+				    $stmts !~ /^\s*(if|while|for|switch)\b/) {
+					WARN("SINGLE_STATEMENT_DO_WHILE_MACRO",
+					     "Single statement macros should not use a do {} while (0) loop\n" . "$herectx");
+				}
+				if (defined $semis && $semis ne "") {
+					WARN("DO_WHILE_MACRO_WITH_TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
+					     "do {} while (0) macros should not be semicolon terminated\n" . "$herectx");
+				}
+			} elsif ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident.*;\s*$/) {
+				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
+				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
+				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
+
+				WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
+				     "macros should not use a trailing semicolon\n" . "$herectx");
+			}
+		}
+
+# make sure symbols are always wrapped with VMLINUX_SYMBOL() ...
+# all assignments may have only one of the following with an assignment:
+#	.
+#	ALIGN(...)
+#	VMLINUX_SYMBOL(...)
+		if ($realfile eq 'vmlinux.lds.h' && $line =~ /(?:(?:^|\s)$Ident\s*=|=\s*$Ident(?:\s|$))/) {
+			WARN("MISSING_VMLINUX_SYMBOL",
+			     "vmlinux.lds.h needs VMLINUX_SYMBOL() around C-visible symbols\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for redundant bracing round if etc
+		if ($line =~ /(^.*)\bif\b/ && $1 !~ /else\s*$/) {
+			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
+				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1);
+			#print "chunks<$#chunks> linenr<$linenr> endln<$endln> level<$level>\n";
+			#print "APW: <<$chunks[1][0]>><<$chunks[1][1]>>\n";
+			if ($#chunks > 0 && $level == 0) {
+				my @allowed = ();
+				my $allow = 0;
+				my $seen = 0;
+				my $herectx = $here . "\n";
+				my $ln = $linenr - 1;
+				for my $chunk (@chunks) {
+					my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunk};
+
+					# If the condition carries leading newlines, then count those as offsets.
+					my ($whitespace) = ($cond =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
+					my $offset = statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
+
+					$allowed[$allow] = 0;
+					#print "COND<$cond> whitespace<$whitespace> offset<$offset>\n";
+
+					# We have looked at and allowed this specific line.
+					$suppress_ifbraces{$ln + $offset} = 1;
+
+					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$ln + $offset]\n[...]\n";
+					$ln += statement_rawlines($block) - 1;
+
+					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
+
+					$seen++ if ($block =~ /^\s*{/);
+
+					#print "cond<$cond> block<$block> allowed<$allowed[$allow]>\n";
+					if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
+						#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
+						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
+					}
+					if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
+						#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
+						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
+					}
+					if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
+						#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
+						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
+					}
+					$allow++;
+				}
+				if ($seen) {
+					my $sum_allowed = 0;
+					foreach (@allowed) {
+						$sum_allowed += $_;
+					}
+					if ($sum_allowed == 0) {
+						WARN("BRACES",
+						     "braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx);
+					} elsif ($sum_allowed != $allow &&
+						 $seen != $allow) {
+						CHK("BRACES",
+						    "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . $herectx);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} &&
+					$line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) {
+			my $allowed = 0;
+
+			# Check the pre-context.
+			if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) {
+				#print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n";
+				$allowed = 1;
+			}
+
+			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
+				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]);
+
+			# Check the condition.
+			my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]};
+			#print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n";
+			if (defined $cond) {
+				substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
+			}
+			if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
+				#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
+				$allowed = 1;
+			}
+			if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
+				#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
+				$allowed = 1;
+			}
+			if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
+				#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
+				$allowed = 1;
+			}
+			# Check the post-context.
+			if (defined $chunks[1]) {
+				my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]};
+				if (defined $cond) {
+					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
+				}
+				if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) {
+					#print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n";
+					$allowed = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) {
+				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block);
+				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
+
+				WARN("BRACES",
+				     "braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for single line unbalanced braces
+		if ($sline =~ /^.\s*\}\s*else\s*$/ ||
+		    $sline =~ /^.\s*else\s*\{\s*$/) {
+			CHK("BRACES", "Unbalanced braces around else statement\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for unnecessary blank lines around braces
+		if (($line =~ /^.\s*}\s*$/ && $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/)) {
+			if (CHK("BRACES",
+				"Blank lines aren't necessary before a close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
+			}
+		}
+		if (($rawline =~ /^.\s*$/ && $prevline =~ /^..*{\s*$/)) {
+			if (CHK("BRACES",
+				"Blank lines aren't necessary after an open brace '{'\n" . $hereprev) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+			}
+		}
+
+# no volatiles please
+		my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b};
+		if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) {
+			WARN("VOLATILE",
+			     "Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for user-visible strings broken across lines, which breaks the ability
+# to grep for the string.  Make exceptions when the previous string ends in a
+# newline (multiple lines in one string constant) or '\t', '\r', ';', or '{'
+# (common in inline assembly) or is a octal \123 or hexadecimal \xaf value
+		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String/ &&
+		    $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ &&
+		    $prevrawline !~ /(?:\\(?:[ntr]|[0-7]{1,3}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})|;\s*|\{\s*)"\s*$/) {
+			if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING",
+				 "quoted string split across lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
+				     $fix &&
+				     $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*"\s*$/ &&
+				     $last_coalesced_string_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
+				my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
+				my $comma_close = "";
+				if ($rawline =~ /\Q$extracted_string\E(\s*\)\s*;\s*$|\s*,\s*)/) {
+					$comma_close = $1;
+				}
+
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
+				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
+				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
+				$fixedline =~ s/"\s*$//;
+				$fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . trim($comma_close);
+				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr - 1, $fixedline);
+				$fixedline = $rawline;
+				$fixedline =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\Q$comma_close\E//;
+				if ($fixedline !~ /\+\s*$/) {
+					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
+				}
+				$last_coalesced_string_linenr = $linenr;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for missing a space in a string concatenation
+		if ($prevrawline =~ /[^\\]\w"$/ && $rawline =~ /^\+[\t ]+"\w/) {
+			WARN('MISSING_SPACE',
+			     "break quoted strings at a space character\n" . $hereprev);
+		}
+
+# check for an embedded function name in a string when the function is known
+# This does not work very well for -f --file checking as it depends on patch
+# context providing the function name or a single line form for in-file
+# function declarations
+		if ($line =~ /^\+.*$String/ &&
+		    defined($context_function) &&
+		    get_quoted_string($line, $rawline) =~ /\b$context_function\b/ &&
+		    length(get_quoted_string($line, $rawline)) != (length($context_function) + 2)) {
+			WARN("EMBEDDED_FUNCTION_NAME",
+			     "Prefer using '\"%s...\", __func__' to using '$context_function', this function's name, in a string\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for spaces before a quoted newline
+		if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) {
+			if (WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE",
+				 "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*\".*)\s+\\n/$1\\n/;
+			}
+
+		}
+
+# concatenated string without spaces between elements
+		if ($line =~ /$String[A-Z_]/ || $line =~ /[A-Za-z0-9_]$String/) {
+			CHK("CONCATENATED_STRING",
+			    "Concatenated strings should use spaces between elements\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# uncoalesced string fragments
+		if ($line =~ /$String\s*"/) {
+			WARN("STRING_FRAGMENTS",
+			     "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for non-standard and hex prefixed decimal printf formats
+		my $show_L = 1;	#don't show the same defect twice
+		my $show_Z = 1;
+		while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) {
+			my $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]);
+			$string =~ s/%%/__/g;
+			# check for %L
+			if ($show_L && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*L([diouxX])/) {
+				WARN("PRINTF_L",
+				     "\%L$1 is non-standard C, use %ll$1\n" . $herecurr);
+				$show_L = 0;
+			}
+			# check for %Z
+			if ($show_Z && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*Z([diouxX])/) {
+				WARN("PRINTF_Z",
+				     "%Z$1 is non-standard C, use %z$1\n" . $herecurr);
+				$show_Z = 0;
+			}
+			# check for 0x<decimal>
+			if ($string =~ /0x%[\*\d\.\$\Llzth]*[diou]/) {
+				ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL",
+				      "Prefixing 0x with decimal output is defective\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of "
+		if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $sline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) {
+			WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
+			     "Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# warn about #if 0
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) {
+			CHK("REDUNDANT_CODE",
+			    "if this code is redundant consider removing it\n" .
+				$herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for needless "if (<foo>) fn(<foo>)" uses
+		if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)/) {
+			my $tested = quotemeta($1);
+			my $expr = '\s*\(\s*' . $tested . '\s*\)\s*;';
+			if ($line =~ /\b(kfree|usb_free_urb|debugfs_remove(?:_recursive)?|(?:kmem_cache|mempool|dma_pool)_destroy)$expr/) {
+				my $func = $1;
+				if (WARN('NEEDLESS_IF',
+					 "$func(NULL) is safe and this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					my $do_fix = 1;
+					my $leading_tabs = "";
+					my $new_leading_tabs = "";
+					if ($lines[$linenr - 2] =~ /^\+(\t*)if\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*$/) {
+						$leading_tabs = $1;
+					} else {
+						$do_fix = 0;
+					}
+					if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
+						$new_leading_tabs = $1;
+						if (length($leading_tabs) + 1 ne length($new_leading_tabs)) {
+							$do_fix = 0;
+						}
+					} else {
+						$do_fix = 0;
+					}
+					if ($do_fix) {
+						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
+						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+$new_leading_tabs/\+$leading_tabs/;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages
+		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
+		    $prevline =~ /^[ \+]\s*if\s*\(\s*(\!\s*|NULL\s*==\s*)?($Lval)(\s*==\s*NULL\s*)?\s*\)/ &&
+		    (defined $1 || defined $3) &&
+		    $linenr > 3) {
+			my $testval = $2;
+			my $testline = $lines[$linenr - 3];
+
+			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0);
+#			print("line: <$line>\nprevline: <$prevline>\ns: <$s>\nc: <$c>\n\n\n");
+
+			if ($s =~ /(?:^|\n)[ \+]\s*(?:$Type\s*)?\Q$testval\E\s*=\s*(?:\([^\)]*\)\s*)?\s*(?:devm_)?(?:[kv][czm]alloc(?:_node|_array)?\b|kstrdup|kmemdup|(?:dev_)?alloc_skb)/) {
+				WARN("OOM_MESSAGE",
+				     "Possible unnecessary 'out of memory' message\n" . $hereprev);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for logging functions with KERN_<LEVEL>
+		if ($line !~ /printk(?:_ratelimited|_once)?\s*\(/ &&
+		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(.*\b(KERN_[A-Z]+)\b/) {
+			my $level = $1;
+			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_KERN_LEVEL",
+				 "Possible unnecessary $level\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s*$level\s*//;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for logging continuations
+		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_CONT\b|\bpr_cont\s*\(/) {
+			WARN("LOGGING_CONTINUATION",
+			     "Avoid logging continuation uses where feasible\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for mask then right shift without a parentheses
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $line =~ /$LvalOrFunc\s*\&\s*($LvalOrFunc)\s*>>/ &&
+		    $4 !~ /^\&/) { # $LvalOrFunc may be &foo, ignore if so
+			WARN("MASK_THEN_SHIFT",
+			     "Possible precedence defect with mask then right shift - may need parentheses\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for pointer comparisons to NULL
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0) {
+			while ($line =~ /\b$LvalOrFunc\s*(==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/g) {
+				my $val = $1;
+				my $equal = "!";
+				$equal = "" if ($4 eq "!=");
+				if (CHK("COMPARISON_TO_NULL",
+					"Comparison to NULL could be written \"${equal}${val}\"\n" . $herecurr) &&
+					    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$val\E\s*(?:==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/$equal$val/;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for bad placement of section $InitAttribute (e.g.: __initdata)
+		if ($line =~ /(\b$InitAttribute\b)/) {
+			my $attr = $1;
+			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*static\s+(?:const\s+)?(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*[=;]/) {
+				my $ptr = $1;
+				my $var = $2;
+				if ((($ptr =~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
+				      ERROR("MISPLACED_INIT",
+					    "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr)) ||
+				     ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
+				      WARN("MISPLACED_INIT",
+					   "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr))) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s+(?:const\s+)?)(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*([=;])\s*/"$1" . trim(string_find_replace($2, "\\s*$attr\\s*", " ")) . " " . trim(string_find_replace($3, "\\s*$attr\\s*", "")) . " $attr" . ("$4" eq ";" ? ";" : " = ")/e;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for $InitAttributeData (ie: __initdata) with const
+		if ($line =~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeData)/) {
+			my $attr = $1;
+			$attr =~ /($InitAttributePrefix)(.*)/;
+			my $attr_prefix = $1;
+			my $attr_type = $2;
+			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
+				  "Use of const init definition must use ${attr_prefix}initconst\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/$InitAttributeData/${attr_prefix}initconst/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for $InitAttributeConst (ie: __initconst) without const
+		if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeConst)/) {
+			my $attr = $1;
+			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
+				  "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				my $lead = $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    /(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/;
+				$lead = rtrim($1);
+				$lead = "$lead " if ($lead !~ /^\+$/);
+				$lead = "${lead}const ";
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/$lead/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for __read_mostly with const non-pointer (should just be const)
+		if ($line =~ /\b__read_mostly\b/ &&
+		    $line =~ /($Type)\s*$Ident/ && $1 !~ /\*\s*$/ && $1 =~ /\bconst\b/) {
+			if (ERROR("CONST_READ_MOSTLY",
+				  "Invalid use of __read_mostly with const type\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+__read_mostly\b//;
+			}
+		}
+
+# don't use __constant_<foo> functions outside of include/uapi/
+		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /(__constant_(?:htons|ntohs|[bl]e(?:16|32|64)_to_cpu|cpu_to_[bl]e(?:16|32|64)))\s*\(/) {
+			my $constant_func = $1;
+			my $func = $constant_func;
+			$func =~ s/^__constant_//;
+			if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION",
+				 "$constant_func should be $func\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g;
+			}
+		}
+
+# prefer usleep_range over udelay
+		if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/) {
+			my $delay = $1;
+			# ignore udelay's < 10, however
+			if (! ($delay < 10) ) {
+				CHK("USLEEP_RANGE",
+				    "usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+			if ($delay > 2000) {
+				WARN("LONG_UDELAY",
+				     "long udelay - prefer mdelay; see arch/arm/include/asm/delay.h\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# warn about unexpectedly long msleep's
+		if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) {
+			if ($1 < 20) {
+				WARN("MSLEEP",
+				     "msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for comparisons of jiffies
+		if ($line =~ /\bjiffies\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*jiffies\b/) {
+			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
+			     "Comparing jiffies is almost always wrong; prefer time_after, time_before and friends\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for comparisons of get_jiffies_64()
+		if ($line =~ /\bget_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*get_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)/) {
+			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
+			     "Comparing get_jiffies_64() is almost always wrong; prefer time_after64, time_before64 and friends\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# warn about #ifdefs in C files
+#		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {
+#			print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";
+#			print "$herecurr";
+#			$clean = 0;
+#		}
+
+# warn about spacing in #ifdefs
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) {
+			if (ERROR("SPACING",
+				  "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
+				    s/^(.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif))\s{2,}/$1 /;
+			}
+
+		}
+
+# check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment.
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ ||
+		    $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
+			my $which = $1;
+			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
+				CHK("UNCOMMENTED_DEFINITION",
+				    "$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+# check for memory barriers without a comment.
+
+		my $barriers = qr{
+			mb|
+			rmb|
+			wmb|
+			read_barrier_depends
+		}x;
+		my $barrier_stems = qr{
+			mb__before_atomic|
+			mb__after_atomic|
+			store_release|
+			load_acquire|
+			store_mb|
+			(?:$barriers)
+		}x;
+		my $all_barriers = qr{
+			(?:$barriers)|
+			smp_(?:$barrier_stems)|
+			virt_(?:$barrier_stems)
+		}x;
+
+		if ($line =~ /\b(?:$all_barriers)\s*\(/) {
+			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
+				WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
+				     "memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+		my $underscore_smp_barriers = qr{__smp_(?:$barrier_stems)}x;
+
+		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/asm-generic/@ &&
+		    $realfile !~ m@/barrier\.h$@ &&
+		    $line =~ m/\b(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/ &&
+		    $line !~ m/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) {
+			WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
+			     "__smp memory barriers shouldn't be used outside barrier.h and asm-generic\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for waitqueue_active without a comment.
+		if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) {
+			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
+				WARN("WAITQUEUE_ACTIVE",
+				     "waitqueue_active without comment\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for smp_read_barrier_depends and read_barrier_depends
+		if (!$file && $line =~ /\b(smp_|)read_barrier_depends\s*\(/) {
+			WARN("READ_BARRIER_DEPENDS",
+			     "$1read_barrier_depends should only be used in READ_ONCE or DEC Alpha code\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check of hardware specific defines
+		if ($line =~ m@^.\s*\#\s*if.*\b(__i386__|__powerpc64__|__sun__|__s390x__)\b@ && $realfile !~ m@include/asm-@) {
+			CHK("ARCH_DEFINES",
+			    "architecture specific defines should be avoided\n" .  $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check that the storage class is not after a type
+		if ($line =~ /\b($Type)\s+($Storage)\b/) {
+			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
+			     "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+# Check that the storage class is at the beginning of a declaration
+		if ($line =~ /\b$Storage\b/ &&
+		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Storage/ &&
+		    $line =~ /^.\s*(.+?)\$Storage\s/ &&
+		    $1 !~ /[\,\)]\s*$/) {
+			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
+			     "storage class should be at the beginning of the declaration\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check the location of the inline attribute, that it is between
+# storage class and type.
+		if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ ||
+		    $line =~ /\b$Inline\s+$Storage\b/) {
+			ERROR("INLINE_LOCATION",
+			      "inline keyword should sit between storage class and type\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for __inline__ and __inline, prefer inline
+		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) {
+			if (WARN("INLINE",
+				 "plain inline is preferred over $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/inline/;
+
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for __attribute__ packed, prefer __packed
+		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*\bpacked\b/) {
+			WARN("PREFER_PACKED",
+			     "__packed is preferred over __attribute__((packed))\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for __attribute__ aligned, prefer __aligned
+		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*aligned/) {
+			WARN("PREFER_ALIGNED",
+			     "__aligned(size) is preferred over __attribute__((aligned(size)))\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check for __attribute__ format(printf, prefer __printf
+		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*format\s*\(\s*printf/) {
+			if (WARN("PREFER_PRINTF",
+				 "__printf(string-index, first-to-check) is preferred over __attribute__((format(printf, string-index, first-to-check)))\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*format\s*\(\s*printf\s*,\s*(.*)\)\s*\)\s*\)/"__printf(" . trim($1) . ")"/ex;
+
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for __attribute__ format(scanf, prefer __scanf
+		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*format\s*\(\s*scanf\b/) {
+			if (WARN("PREFER_SCANF",
+				 "__scanf(string-index, first-to-check) is preferred over __attribute__((format(scanf, string-index, first-to-check)))\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*format\s*\(\s*scanf\s*,\s*(.*)\)\s*\)\s*\)/"__scanf(" . trim($1) . ")"/ex;
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for __attribute__ weak, or __weak declarations (may have link issues)
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Attribute)?\s*;/ &&
+		    ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*\bweak\b/ ||
+		     $line =~ /\b__weak\b/)) {
+			ERROR("WEAK_DECLARATION",
+			      "Using weak declarations can have unintended link defects\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for c99 types like uint8_t used outside of uapi/ and tools/
+		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
+		    $realfile !~ m@\btools/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) {
+			my $type = $1;
+			if ($type =~ /\b($typeC99Typedefs)\b/) {
+				$type = $1;
+				my $kernel_type = 'u';
+				$kernel_type = 's' if ($type =~ /^_*[si]/);
+				$type =~ /(\d+)/;
+				$kernel_type .= $1;
+				if (CHK("PREFER_KERNEL_TYPES",
+					"Prefer kernel type '$kernel_type' over '$type'\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$type\b/$kernel_type/;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for cast of C90 native int or longer types constants
+		if ($line =~ /(\(\s*$C90_int_types\s*\)\s*)($Constant)\b/) {
+			my $cast = $1;
+			my $const = $2;
+			if (WARN("TYPECAST_INT_CONSTANT",
+				 "Unnecessary typecast of c90 int constant\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				my $suffix = "";
+				my $newconst = $const;
+				$newconst =~ s/${Int_type}$//;
+				$suffix .= 'U' if ($cast =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
+				if ($cast =~ /\blong\s+long\b/) {
+					$suffix .= 'LL';
+				} elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) {
+					$suffix .= 'L';
+				}
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$cast\E$const\b/$newconst$suffix/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for sizeof(&)
+		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s*\(\s*\&/) {
+			WARN("SIZEOF_ADDRESS",
+			     "sizeof(& should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for sizeof without parenthesis
+		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/) {
+			if (WARN("SIZEOF_PARENTHESIS",
+				 "sizeof $1 should be sizeof($1)\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/"sizeof(" . trim($1) . ")"/ex;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for struct spinlock declarations
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\bstruct\s+spinlock\s+\w+\s*;/) {
+			WARN("USE_SPINLOCK_T",
+			     "struct spinlock should be spinlock_t\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for seq_printf uses that could be seq_puts
+		if ($sline =~ /\bseq_printf\s*\(.*"\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
+			my $fmt = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
+			$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
+			if ($fmt !~ /%/) {
+				if (WARN("PREFER_SEQ_PUTS",
+					 "Prefer seq_puts to seq_printf\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bseq_printf\b/seq_puts/;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for vsprintf extension %p<foo> misuses
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^\+(?![^\{]*\{\s*).*\b(\w+)\s*\(.*$String\s*,/s &&
+		    $1 !~ /^_*volatile_*$/) {
+			my $specifier;
+			my $extension;
+			my $bad_specifier = "";
+			my $stat_real;
+
+			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
+			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
+		        for (my $count = $linenr; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
+				my $fmt = get_quoted_string($lines[$count - 1], raw_line($count, 0));
+				$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
+
+				while ($fmt =~ /(\%[\*\d\.]*p(\w))/g) {
+					$specifier = $1;
+					$extension = $2;
+					if ($extension !~ /[SsBKRraEhMmIiUDdgVCbGNOx]/) {
+						$bad_specifier = $specifier;
+						last;
+					}
+					if ($extension eq "x" && !defined($stat_real)) {
+						if (!defined($stat_real)) {
+							$stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
+						}
+						WARN("VSPRINTF_SPECIFIER_PX",
+						     "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
+					}
+				}
+				if ($bad_specifier ne "") {
+					my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
+					my $ext_type = "Invalid";
+					my $use = "";
+					if ($bad_specifier =~ /p[Ff]/) {
+						$ext_type = "Deprecated";
+						$use = " - use %pS instead";
+						$use =~ s/pS/ps/ if ($bad_specifier =~ /pf/);
+					}
+
+					WARN("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION",
+					     "$ext_type vsprintf pointer extension '$bad_specifier'$use\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for misused memsets
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
+
+			my $ms_addr = $2;
+			my $ms_val = $7;
+			my $ms_size = $12;
+
+			if ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)0$/i) {
+				ERROR("MEMSET",
+				      "memset to 0's uses 0 as the 2nd argument, not the 3rd\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
+			} elsif ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)1$/i) {
+				WARN("MEMSET",
+				     "single byte memset is suspicious. Swapped 2nd/3rd argument?\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
+			}
+		}
+
+# Check for memcpy(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_copy(foo, bar)
+#		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+#		    defined $stat &&
+#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
+#			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_COPY",
+#				 "Prefer ether_addr_copy() over memcpy() if the Ethernet addresses are __aligned(2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
+#			    $fix) {
+#				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/ether_addr_copy($2, $7)/;
+#			}
+#		}
+
+# Check for memcmp(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_equal*(foo, bar)
+#		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+#		    defined $stat &&
+#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcmp\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
+#			WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_EQUAL",
+#			     "Prefer ether_addr_equal() or ether_addr_equal_unaligned() over memcmp()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n")
+#		}
+
+# check for memset(foo, 0x0, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_zero_addr
+# check for memset(foo, 0xFF, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_broadcast_addr
+#		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+#		    defined $stat &&
+#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
+#
+#			my $ms_val = $7;
+#
+#			if ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0x|)0+$/i) {
+#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_ZERO_ADDR",
+#					 "Prefer eth_zero_addr over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
+#				    $fix) {
+#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_zero_addr($2)/;
+#				}
+#			} elsif ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0xff|255)$/i) {
+#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_BROADCAST_ADDR",
+#					 "Prefer eth_broadcast_addr() over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
+#				    $fix) {
+#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_broadcast_addr($2)/;
+#				}
+#			}
+#		}
+
+# typecasts on min/max could be min_t/max_t
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\b(min|max)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
+			if (defined $2 || defined $7) {
+				my $call = $1;
+				my $cast1 = deparenthesize($2);
+				my $arg1 = $3;
+				my $cast2 = deparenthesize($7);
+				my $arg2 = $8;
+				my $cast;
+
+				if ($cast1 ne "" && $cast2 ne "" && $cast1 ne $cast2) {
+					$cast = "$cast1 or $cast2";
+				} elsif ($cast1 ne "") {
+					$cast = $cast1;
+				} else {
+					$cast = $cast2;
+				}
+				WARN("MINMAX",
+				     "$call() should probably be ${call}_t($cast, $arg1, $arg2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
+			}
+		}
+
+# check usleep_range arguments
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\busleep_range\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*($FuncArg)\s*\)/) {
+			my $min = $1;
+			my $max = $7;
+			if ($min eq $max) {
+				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
+				     "usleep_range should not use min == max args; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
+			} elsif ($min =~ /^\d+$/ && $max =~ /^\d+$/ &&
+				 $min > $max) {
+				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
+				     "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for naked sscanf
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/ &&
+		    ($stat !~ /$Ident\s*=\s*sscanf\s*$balanced_parens/ &&
+		     $stat !~ /\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Compare)/ &&
+		     $stat !~ /(?:$Compare)\s*\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens/)) {
+			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
+			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
+			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
+			WARN("NAKED_SSCANF",
+			     "unchecked sscanf return value\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
+		}
+
+# check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto<foo>
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/) {
+			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
+			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
+			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
+			if ($stat_real =~ /\bsscanf\b\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*("[^"]+")/) {
+				my $format = $6;
+				my $count = $format =~ tr@%@%@;
+				if ($count == 1 &&
+				    $format =~ /^"\%(?i:ll[udxi]|[udxi]ll|ll|[hl]h?[udxi]|[udxi][hl]h?|[hl]h?|[udxi])"$/) {
+					WARN("SSCANF_TO_KSTRTO",
+					     "Prefer kstrto<type> to single variable sscanf\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for new externs in .h files.
+		if ($realfile =~ /\.h$/ &&
+		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(extern\s+)$Type\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
+			if (CHK("AVOID_EXTERNS",
+				"extern prototypes should be avoided in .h files\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(.*)\bextern\b\s*(.*)/$1$2/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for new externs in .c files.
+		if ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s)
+		{
+			my $function_name = $1;
+			my $paren_space = $2;
+
+			my $s = $stat;
+			if (defined $cond) {
+				substr($s, 0, length($cond), '');
+			}
+			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/ &&
+			    $function_name ne 'uninitialized_var')
+			{
+				WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
+				     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
+			}
+
+			if ($paren_space =~ /\n/) {
+				WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
+				     "arguments for function declarations should follow identifier\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/)
+		{
+			WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
+			     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for function declarations that have arguments without identifier names
+		if (defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*\(\s*([^{]+)\s*\)\s*;/s &&
+		    $1 ne "void") {
+			my $args = trim($1);
+			while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)?)/g) {
+				my $arg = trim($1);
+				if ($arg =~ /^$Type$/ && $arg !~ /enum\s+$Ident$/) {
+					WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
+					     "function definition argument '$arg' should also have an identifier name\n" . $herecurr);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for function definitions
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*($Ident)\s*$balanced_parens\s*{/s) {
+			$context_function = $1;
+
+# check for multiline function definition with misplaced open brace
+			my $ok = 0;
+			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
+			my $herectx = $here . "\n";
+			for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
+				my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
+				$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
+				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /^[ \+]\{/);
+				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /\{/ && $n == 0);
+				last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
+			}
+			if (!$ok) {
+				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
+				      "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herectx);
+			}
+		}
+
+# checks for new __setup's
+		if ($rawline =~ /\b__setup\("([^"]*)"/) {
+			my $name = $1;
+
+			if (!grep(/$name/, @setup_docs)) {
+				CHK("UNDOCUMENTED_SETUP",
+				    "__setup appears un-documented -- check Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for pointless casting of kmalloc return
+		if ($line =~ /\*\s*\)\s*[kv][czm]alloc(_node){0,1}\b/) {
+			WARN("UNNECESSARY_CASTS",
+			     "unnecessary cast may hide bugs, see http://c-faq.com/malloc/mallocnocast.html\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# alloc style
+# p = alloc(sizeof(struct foo), ...) should be p = alloc(sizeof(*p), ...)
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*([kv][mz]alloc(?:_node)?)\s*\(\s*(sizeof\s*\(\s*struct\s+$Lval\s*\))/) {
+			CHK("ALLOC_SIZEOF_STRUCT",
+			    "Prefer $3(sizeof(*$1)...) over $3($4...)\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for k[mz]alloc with multiplies that could be kmalloc_array/kcalloc
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*(k[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)\s*,/) {
+			my $oldfunc = $3;
+			my $a1 = $4;
+			my $a2 = $10;
+			my $newfunc = "kmalloc_array";
+			$newfunc = "kcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kzalloc");
+			my $r1 = $a1;
+			my $r2 = $a2;
+			if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) {
+				$r1 = $a2;
+				$r2 = $a1;
+			}
+			if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ &&
+			    !($r1 =~ /^$Constant$/ || $r1 =~ /^[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*$/)) {
+				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
+				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
+
+				if (WARN("ALLOC_WITH_MULTIPLY",
+					 "Prefer $newfunc over $oldfunc with multiply\n" . $herectx) &&
+				    $cnt == 1 &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*(k[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)/$1 . ' = ' . "$newfunc(" . trim($r1) . ', ' . trim($r2)/e;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for krealloc arg reuse
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*krealloc\s*\(\s*\1\s*,/) {
+			WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE",
+			     "Reusing the krealloc arg is almost always a bug\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for alloc argument mismatch
+		if ($line =~ /\b(kcalloc|kmalloc_array)\s*\(\s*sizeof\b/) {
+			WARN("ALLOC_ARRAY_ARGS",
+			     "$1 uses number as first arg, sizeof is generally wrong\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for multiple semicolons
+		if ($line =~ /;\s*;\s*$/) {
+			if (WARN("ONE_SEMICOLON",
+				 "Statements terminations use 1 semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for #defines like: 1 << <digit> that could be BIT(digit), it is not exported to uapi
+		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
+		    $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\<\<\s*(?:\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/) {
+			my $ull = "";
+			$ull = "_ULL" if (defined($1) && $1 =~ /ll/i);
+			if (CHK("BIT_MACRO",
+				"Prefer using the BIT$ull macro\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(?\s*1\s*[ulUL]*\s*<<\s*(\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/BIT${ull}($1)/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for #if defined CONFIG_<FOO> || defined CONFIG_<FOO>_MODULE
+		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*if\s+defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)(CONFIG_[A-Z_]+)\s*\)?\s*\|\|\s*defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)\1_MODULE\s*\)?\s*$/) {
+			my $config = $1;
+			if (WARN("PREFER_IS_ENABLED",
+				 "Prefer IS_ENABLED(<FOO>) to CONFIG_<FOO> || CONFIG_<FOO>_MODULE\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+#if IS_ENABLED($config)";
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for case / default statements not preceded by break/fallthrough/switch
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:case\s+(?:$Ident|$Constant)\s*|default):/) {
+			my $has_break = 0;
+			my $has_statement = 0;
+			my $count = 0;
+			my $prevline = $linenr;
+			while ($prevline > 1 && ($file || $count < 3) && !$has_break) {
+				$prevline--;
+				my $rline = $rawlines[$prevline - 1];
+				my $fline = $lines[$prevline - 1];
+				last if ($fline =~ /^\@\@/);
+				next if ($fline =~ /^\-/);
+				next if ($fline =~ /^.(?:\s*(?:case\s+(?:$Ident|$Constant)[\s$;]*|default):[\s$;]*)*$/);
+				$has_break = 1 if ($rline =~ /fall[\s_-]*(through|thru)/i);
+				next if ($fline =~ /^.[\s$;]*$/);
+				$has_statement = 1;
+				$count++;
+				$has_break = 1 if ($fline =~ /\bswitch\b|\b(?:break\s*;[\s$;]*$|exit\s*\(\b|return\b|goto\b|continue\b)/);
+			}
+			if (!$has_break && $has_statement) {
+				WARN("MISSING_BREAK",
+				     "Possible switch case/default not preceded by break or fallthrough comment\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for switch/default statements without a break;
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /^\+[$;\s]*(?:case[$;\s]+\w+[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*|)*[$;\s]*\bdefault[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*;/g) {
+			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
+			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
+
+			WARN("DEFAULT_NO_BREAK",
+			     "switch default: should use break\n" . $herectx);
+		}
+
+# check for gcc specific __FUNCTION__
+		if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) {
+			if (WARN("USE_FUNC",
+				 "__func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__\n"  . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__FUNCTION__\b/__func__/g;
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for uses of __DATE__, __TIME__, __TIMESTAMP__
+		while ($line =~ /\b(__(?:DATE|TIME|TIMESTAMP)__)\b/g) {
+			ERROR("DATE_TIME",
+			      "Use of the '$1' macro makes the build non-deterministic\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for use of yield()
+		if ($line =~ /\byield\s*\(\s*\)/) {
+			WARN("YIELD",
+			     "Using yield() is generally wrong. See yield() kernel-doc (sched/core.c)\n"  . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for comparisons against true and false
+		if ($line =~ /\+\s*(.*?)\b(true|false|$Lval)\s*(==|\!=)\s*(true|false|$Lval)\b(.*)$/i) {
+			my $lead = $1;
+			my $arg = $2;
+			my $test = $3;
+			my $otype = $4;
+			my $trail = $5;
+			my $op = "!";
+
+			($arg, $otype) = ($otype, $arg) if ($arg =~ /^(?:true|false)$/i);
+
+			my $type = lc($otype);
+			if ($type =~ /^(?:true|false)$/) {
+				if (("$test" eq "==" && "$type" eq "true") ||
+				    ("$test" eq "!=" && "$type" eq "false")) {
+					$op = "";
+				}
+
+				CHK("BOOL_COMPARISON",
+				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone\n" . $herecurr);
+
+## maybe suggesting a correct construct would better
+##				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone.  Perhaps use '${lead}${op}${arg}${trail}'\n" . $herecurr);
+
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for bool bitfields
+		if ($sline =~ /^.\s+bool\s*$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*;/) {
+			WARN("BOOL_BITFIELD",
+			     "Avoid using bool as bitfield.  Prefer bool bitfields as unsigned int or u<8|16|32>\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for semaphores initialized locked
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*sema_init.+,\W?0\W?\)/) {
+			WARN("CONSIDER_COMPLETION",
+			     "consider using a completion\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# recommend kstrto* over simple_strto* and strict_strto*
+		if ($line =~ /\b((simple|strict)_(strto(l|ll|ul|ull)))\s*\(/) {
+			WARN("CONSIDER_KSTRTO",
+			     "$1 is obsolete, use k$3 instead\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for __initcall(), use device_initcall() explicitly or more appropriate function please
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*__initcall\s*\(/) {
+			WARN("USE_DEVICE_INITCALL",
+			     "please use device_initcall() or more appropriate function instead of __initcall() (see include/linux/init.h)\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for various structs that are normally const (ops, kgdb, device_tree)
+# and avoid what seem like struct definitions 'struct foo {'
+		if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ &&
+		    $line =~ /\bstruct\s+($const_structs)\b(?!\s*\{)/) {
+			WARN("CONST_STRUCT",
+			     "struct $1 should normally be const\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# use of NR_CPUS is usually wrong
+# ignore definitions of NR_CPUS and usage to define arrays as likely right
+		if ($line =~ /\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
+		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*if\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
+		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*define\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
+		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s.*\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
+		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
+		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*\]/)
+		{
+			WARN("NR_CPUS",
+			     "usage of NR_CPUS is often wrong - consider using cpu_possible(), num_possible_cpus(), for_each_possible_cpu(), etc\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Use of __ARCH_HAS_<FOO> or ARCH_HAVE_<BAR> is wrong.
+		if ($line =~ /\+\s*#\s*define\s+((?:__)?ARCH_(?:HAS|HAVE)\w*)\b/) {
+			ERROR("DEFINE_ARCH_HAS",
+			      "#define of '$1' is wrong - use Kconfig variables or standard guards instead\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# likely/unlikely comparisons similar to "(likely(foo) > 0)"
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    $line =~ /\b((?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*\)\s*$Compare/) {
+			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
+			     "Using $1 should generally have parentheses around the comparison\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# whine mightly about in_atomic
+		if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) {
+			if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) {
+				ERROR("IN_ATOMIC",
+				      "do not use in_atomic in drivers\n" . $herecurr);
+			} elsif ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/@) {
+				WARN("IN_ATOMIC",
+				     "use of in_atomic() is incorrect outside core kernel code\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for mutex_trylock_recursive usage
+		if ($line =~ /mutex_trylock_recursive/) {
+			ERROR("LOCKING",
+			      "recursive locking is bad, do not use this ever.\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for lockdep_set_novalidate_class
+		if ($line =~ /^.\s*lockdep_set_novalidate_class\s*\(/ ||
+		    $line =~ /__lockdep_no_validate__\s*\)/ ) {
+			if ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/lockdep@ &&
+			    $realfile !~ m@^include/linux/lockdep@ &&
+			    $realfile !~ m@^drivers/base/core@) {
+				ERROR("LOCKDEP",
+				      "lockdep_no_validate class is reserved for device->mutex.\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ($line =~ /debugfs_create_\w+.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/ ||
+		    $line =~ /DEVICE_ATTR.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/) {
+			WARN("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
+			     "Exporting world writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . $herecurr);
+		}
+
+# check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_<FOO>
+# and whether or not function naming is typical and if
+# DEVICE_ATTR permissions uses are unusual too
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $stat =~ /\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*\(?\s*(\s*(?:${multi_mode_perms_string_search}|0[0-7]{3,3})\s*)\s*\)?\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*\)/) {
+			my $var = $1;
+			my $perms = $2;
+			my $show = $3;
+			my $store = $4;
+			my $octal_perms = perms_to_octal($perms);
+			if ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
+			    $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
+			    $octal_perms eq "0644") {
+				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RW",
+					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RW(${var})/;
+				}
+			} elsif ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
+				 $store =~ /^NULL$/ &&
+				 $octal_perms eq "0444") {
+				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RO",
+					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*NULL\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RO(${var})/;
+				}
+			} elsif ($show =~ /^NULL$/ &&
+				 $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
+				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
+				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_WO",
+					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . $herecurr) &&
+				    $fix) {
+					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*NULL\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_WO(${var})/;
+				}
+			} elsif ($octal_perms eq "0644" ||
+				 $octal_perms eq "0444" ||
+				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
+				my $newshow = "$show";
+				$newshow = "${var}_show" if ($show ne "NULL" && $show ne "${var}_show");
+				my $newstore = $store;
+				$newstore = "${var}_store" if ($store ne "NULL" && $store ne "${var}_store");
+				my $rename = "";
+				if ($show ne $newshow) {
+					$rename .= " '$show' to '$newshow'";
+				}
+				if ($store ne $newstore) {
+					$rename .= " '$store' to '$newstore'";
+				}
+				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_FUNCTIONS",
+				     "Consider renaming function(s)$rename\n" . $herecurr);
+			} else {
+				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_PERMS",
+				     "DEVICE_ATTR unusual permissions '$perms' used\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+
+# Mode permission misuses where it seems decimal should be octal
+# This uses a shortcut match to avoid unnecessary uses of a slow foreach loop
+# o Ignore module_param*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a
+#   specific definition of not visible in sysfs.
+# o Ignore proc_create*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that means
+#   use the default permissions
+		if ($^V && $^V ge 5.10.0 &&
+		    defined $stat &&
+		    $line =~ /$mode_perms_search/) {
+			foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
+				my $func = $entry->[0];
+				my $arg_pos = $entry->[1];
+
+				my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
+				$lc = $lc + $linenr;
+				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
+
+				my $skip_args = "";
+				if ($arg_pos > 1) {
+					$arg_pos--;
+					$skip_args = "(?:\\s*$FuncArg\\s*,\\s*){$arg_pos,$arg_pos}";
+				}
+				my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(?:\\|\\s*$FuncArg)*)\\s*[,\\)]";
+				if ($stat =~ /$test/) {
+					my $val = $1;
+					$val = $6 if ($skip_args ne "");
+					if (!($func =~ /^(?:module_param|proc_create)/ && $val eq "0") &&
+					    (($val =~ /^$Int$/ && $val !~ /^$Octal$/) ||
+					     ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && length($val) ne 4))) {
+						ERROR("NON_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS",
+						      "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
+					}
+					if ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && (oct($val) & 02)) {
+						ERROR("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
+						      "Exporting writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+# check for uses of S_<PERMS> that could be octal for readability
+		while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) {
+			my $oval = $1;
+			my $octal = perms_to_octal($oval);
+			if (WARN("SYMBOLIC_PERMS",
+				 "Symbolic permissions '$oval' are not preferred. Consider using octal permissions '$octal'.\n" . $herecurr) &&
+			    $fix) {
+				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/;
+			}
+		}
+
+# validate content of MODULE_LICENSE against list from include/linux/module.h
+		if ($line =~ /\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*($String)\s*\)/) {
+			my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
+			my $valid_licenses = qr{
+						GPL|
+						GPL\ v2|
+						GPL\ and\ additional\ rights|
+						Dual\ BSD/GPL|
+						Dual\ MIT/GPL|
+						Dual\ MPL/GPL|
+						Proprietary
+					}x;
+			if ($extracted_string !~ /^"(?:$valid_licenses)"$/x) {
+				WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
+				     "unknown module license " . $extracted_string . "\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	# If we have no input at all, then there is nothing to report on
+	# so just keep quiet.
+	if ($#rawlines == -1) {
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	# In mailback mode only produce a report in the negative, for
+	# things that appear to be patches.
+	if ($mailback && ($clean == 1 || !$is_patch)) {
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	# This is not a patch, and we are are in 'no-patch' mode so
+	# just keep quiet.
+	if (!$chk_patch && !$is_patch) {
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	if (!$is_patch && $filename !~ /cover-letter\.patch$/) {
+		ERROR("NOT_UNIFIED_DIFF",
+		      "Does not appear to be a unified-diff format patch\n");
+	}
+	if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff && $signoff == 0) {
+		ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF",
+		      "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n");
+	}
+
+	print report_dump();
+	if ($summary && !($clean == 1 && $quiet == 1)) {
+		print "$filename " if ($summary_file);
+		print "total: $cnt_error errors, $cnt_warn warnings, " .
+			(($check)? "$cnt_chk checks, " : "") .
+			"$cnt_lines lines checked\n";
+	}
+
+	if ($quiet == 0) {
+		# If there were any defects found and not already fixing them
+		if (!$clean and !$fix) {
+			print << "EOM"
+
+NOTE: For some of the reported defects, checkpatch may be able to
+      mechanically convert to the typical style using --fix or --fix-inplace.
+EOM
+		}
+		# If there were whitespace errors which cleanpatch can fix
+		# then suggest that.
+		if ($rpt_cleaners) {
+			$rpt_cleaners = 0;
+			print << "EOM"
+
+NOTE: Whitespace errors detected.
+      You may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile
+EOM
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($clean == 0 && $fix &&
+	    ("@rawlines" ne "@fixed" ||
+	     $#fixed_inserted >= 0 || $#fixed_deleted >= 0)) {
+		my $newfile = $filename;
+		$newfile .= ".EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes" if (!$fix_inplace);
+		my $linecount = 0;
+		my $f;
+
+		@fixed = fix_inserted_deleted_lines(\@fixed, \@fixed_inserted, \@fixed_deleted);
+
+		open($f, '>', $newfile)
+		    or die "$P: Can't open $newfile for write\n";
+		foreach my $fixed_line (@fixed) {
+			$linecount++;
+			if ($file) {
+				if ($linecount > 3) {
+					$fixed_line =~ s/^\+//;
+					print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
+				}
+			} else {
+				print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
+			}
+		}
+		close($f);
+
+		if (!$quiet) {
+			print << "EOM";
+
+Wrote EXPERIMENTAL --fix correction(s) to '$newfile'
+
+Do _NOT_ trust the results written to this file.
+Do _NOT_ submit these changes without inspecting them for correctness.
+
+This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches.
+No warranties, expressed or implied...
+EOM
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($quiet == 0) {
+		print "\n";
+		if ($clean == 1) {
+			print "$vname has no obvious style problems and is ready for submission.\n";
+		} else {
+			print "$vname has style problems, please review.\n";
+		}
+	}
+	return $clean;
+}
diff --git a/script/static-checks/const_structs.checkpatch b/script/static-checks/const_structs.checkpatch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/const_structs.checkpatch
diff --git a/script/static-checks/spelling.txt b/script/static-checks/spelling.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a058cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/spelling.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1254 @@
+# Originally from Debian's Lintian tool. Various false positives have been
+# removed, and various additions have been made as they've been discovered
+# in the kernel source.
+#
+# License: GPLv2
+#
+# The format of each line is:
+# mistake||correction
+#
+abandonning||abandoning
+abigious||ambiguous
+abitrate||arbitrate
+abov||above
+abreviated||abbreviated
+absense||absence
+absolut||absolute
+absoulte||absolute
+acccess||access
+acceess||access
+acceleratoin||acceleration
+accelleration||acceleration
+accesing||accessing
+accesnt||accent
+accessable||accessible
+accesss||access
+accidentaly||accidentally
+accidentually||accidentally
+accoding||according
+accomodate||accommodate
+accomodates||accommodates
+accordign||according
+accoring||according
+accout||account
+accquire||acquire
+accquired||acquired
+accross||across
+acessable||accessible
+acess||access
+achitecture||architecture
+acient||ancient
+acitions||actions
+acitve||active
+acknowldegement||acknowledgment
+acknowledgement||acknowledgment
+ackowledge||acknowledge
+ackowledged||acknowledged
+acording||according
+activete||activate
+actived||activated
+actualy||actually
+acumulating||accumulating
+acumulator||accumulator
+adapater||adapter
+addional||additional
+additionaly||additionally
+additonal||additional
+addres||address
+adddress||address
+addreses||addresses
+addresss||address
+aditional||additional
+aditionally||additionally
+aditionaly||additionally
+adminstrative||administrative
+adress||address
+adresses||addresses
+adviced||advised
+afecting||affecting
+againt||against
+agaist||against
+aggreataon||aggregation
+aggreation||aggregation
+albumns||albums
+alegorical||allegorical
+algined||aligned
+algorith||algorithm
+algorithmical||algorithmically
+algoritm||algorithm
+algoritms||algorithms
+algorrithm||algorithm
+algorritm||algorithm
+aligment||alignment
+alignement||alignment
+allign||align
+alligned||aligned
+alllocate||allocate
+alloated||allocated
+allocatote||allocate
+allocatrd||allocated
+allocte||allocate
+allpication||application
+alocate||allocate
+alogirhtms||algorithms
+alogrithm||algorithm
+alot||a lot
+alow||allow
+alows||allows
+altough||although
+alue||value
+ambigious||ambiguous
+amoung||among
+amout||amount
+an union||a union
+an user||a user
+an userspace||a userspace
+an one||a one
+analysator||analyzer
+ang||and
+anniversery||anniversary
+annoucement||announcement
+anomolies||anomalies
+anomoly||anomaly
+anway||anyway
+aplication||application
+appearence||appearance
+applicaion||application
+appliction||application
+applictions||applications
+applys||applies
+appplications||applications
+appropiate||appropriate
+appropriatly||appropriately
+approriate||appropriate
+approriately||appropriately
+apropriate||appropriate
+aquainted||acquainted
+aquired||acquired
+aquisition||acquisition
+arbitary||arbitrary
+architechture||architecture
+arguement||argument
+arguements||arguments
+aritmetic||arithmetic
+arne't||aren't
+arraival||arrival
+artifical||artificial
+artillary||artillery
+asign||assign
+asser||assert
+assertation||assertion
+assiged||assigned
+assigment||assignment
+assigments||assignments
+assistent||assistant
+assocation||association
+associcated||associated
+assotiated||associated
+assum||assume
+assumtpion||assumption
+asuming||assuming
+asycronous||asynchronous
+asynchnous||asynchronous
+atomatically||automatically
+atomicly||atomically
+atempt||attempt
+attachement||attachment
+attched||attached
+attemps||attempts
+attemping||attempting
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+torerable||tolerable
+tramsmitted||transmitted
+tramsmit||transmit
+tranasction||transaction
+tranfer||transfer
+transciever||transceiver
+transferd||transferred
+transfered||transferred
+transfering||transferring
+transision||transition
+transmittd||transmitted
+transormed||transformed
+trasfer||transfer
+trasmission||transmission
+treshold||threshold
+trigerring||triggering
+trun||turn
+tunning||tuning
+ture||true
+tyep||type
+udpate||update
+uesd||used
+uncommited||uncommitted
+unconditionaly||unconditionally
+underun||underrun
+unecessary||unnecessary
+unexecpted||unexpected
+unexepected||unexpected
+unexpcted||unexpected
+unexpectd||unexpected
+unexpeted||unexpected
+unexpexted||unexpected
+unfortunatelly||unfortunately
+unifiy||unify
+unintialized||uninitialized
+unkmown||unknown
+unknonw||unknown
+unknow||unknown
+unkown||unknown
+unneded||unneeded
+unneccecary||unnecessary
+unneccesary||unnecessary
+unneccessary||unnecessary
+unnecesary||unnecessary
+unneedingly||unnecessarily
+unnsupported||unsupported
+unmached||unmatched
+unregester||unregister
+unresgister||unregister
+unrgesiter||unregister
+unsinged||unsigned
+unstabel||unstable
+unsolicitied||unsolicited
+unsuccessfull||unsuccessful
+unsuported||unsupported
+untill||until
+unuseful||useless
+upate||update
+usefule||useful
+usefull||useful
+usege||usage
+usera||users
+usualy||usually
+utilites||utilities
+utillities||utilities
+utilties||utilities
+utiltity||utility
+utitity||utility
+utitlty||utility
+vaid||valid
+vaild||valid
+valide||valid
+variantions||variations
+varible||variable
+varient||variant
+vaule||value
+verbse||verbose
+verisons||versions
+verison||version
+verson||version
+vicefersa||vice-versa
+virtal||virtual
+virtaul||virtual
+virtiual||virtual
+visiters||visitors
+vitual||virtual
+wakeus||wakeups
+wating||waiting
+wiat||wait
+wether||whether
+whataver||whatever
+whcih||which
+whenver||whenever
+wheter||whether
+whe||when
+wierd||weird
+wiil||will
+wirte||write
+withing||within
+wnat||want
+workarould||workaround
+writeing||writing
+writting||writing
+zombe||zombie
+zomebie||zombie
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks-banned-apis.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks-banned-apis.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4ed874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks-banned-apis.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+# static-checks-banned-apis.sh <path-to-root-folder> [patch]
+
+LOG_FILE=$(mktemp -t banned-api-check.XXXX)
+
+if [[ "$2" == "patch" ]]; then
+  echo "# Check for banned APIs in the patch"
+  TEST_CASE="Banned API check on patch(es)"
+  "$CI_ROOT/script/static-checks/check-banned-api.py" --tree "$1" \
+      --patch --from-ref origin/master \
+      &> "$LOG_FILE"
+else
+  echo "# Check for banned APIs in entire source tree"
+  TEST_CASE="Banned API check of the entire source tree"
+  "$CI_ROOT/script/static-checks/check-banned-api.py" --tree "$1" \
+      &> "$LOG_FILE"
+fi
+
+EXIT_VALUE=$?
+
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo "****** $TEST_CASE ******" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+if [[ "$EXIT_VALUE" == 0 ]]; then
+  echo "Result : SUCCESS" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+else
+  echo "Result : FAILURE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  cat "$LOG_FILE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+fi
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+rm -f "$LOG_FILE"
+
+exit "$EXIT_VALUE"
+
+
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks-check-copyright.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks-check-copyright.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..837e721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks-check-copyright.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+# test-package-check-copyright.sh DIRECTORY
+DIRECTORY="$1"
+
+TEST_CASE="Copyright headers of files modified by this patch"
+
+echo "# Check Copyright Test"
+
+LOG_FILE=`mktemp -t common.XXXX`
+
+"$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/check-copyright.py --tree "$DIRECTORY" --patch &> "$LOG_FILE"
+RES=$?
+
+if [ -s "$LOG_FILE" ]; then
+  if [ "$RES" -eq 0 ]; then
+    EXIT_VALUE=0
+  else
+    EXIT_VALUE=1
+  fi
+  cat "$LOG_FILE"
+else
+  echo "ERROR: Empty output log of copyright check script."
+  EXIT_VALUE=1
+fi
+
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo "****** $TEST_CASE ******" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+if [[ "$EXIT_VALUE" == 0 ]]; then
+  echo "Result : SUCCESS" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+else
+  echo "Result : FAILURE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+fi
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+cat "$LOG_FILE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+rm "$LOG_FILE"
+
+exit "$EXIT_VALUE"
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-entire-src-tree.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-entire-src-tree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d066ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-entire-src-tree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+# Check the coding style of the entire source tree against the Linux coding
+# style using the checkpatch.pl script from the Linux kernel source tree.
+
+TEST_CASE="Coding style of entire source tree"
+
+echo "# Check coding style of the entire source tree"
+
+LOG_FILE=$(mktemp -t coding-style-check.XXXX)
+
+# Passing V=1 to 'make checkcodebase' will make it generate a per-file summary
+CHECKPATCH=$CI_ROOT/script/static-checks/checkpatch.pl \
+  make checkcodebase V=1 &> "$LOG_FILE"
+RES=$?
+
+if [[ "$RES" == 0 ]]; then
+  # Ignore warnings, only mark the test as failed if there are errors.
+  # We'll get as many 'total:' lines as the number of files in the source tree.
+  # Search for lines that show a non-null number of errors.
+  grep --quiet 'total: [^0][0-9]* errors' "$LOG_FILE"
+  # grep returns 0 when it founds the pattern, which means there is an error
+  RES=$?
+else
+  RES=0
+fi
+
+if [[ "$RES" == 0 ]]; then
+  EXIT_VALUE=1
+else
+  EXIT_VALUE=0
+fi
+
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo "****** $TEST_CASE ******" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+if [[ "$EXIT_VALUE" == 0 ]]; then
+  echo "Result : SUCCESS" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+else
+  echo "Result : FAILURE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+fi
+# Always print the script output to show the warnings
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+cat "$LOG_FILE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+rm -f "$LOG_FILE"
+
+exit "$EXIT_VALUE"
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-line-endings.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-line-endings.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5442f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-line-endings.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+TEST_CASE="Line endings not valid"
+
+EXIT_VALUE=0
+
+echo "# Check Line Endings"
+
+LOG_FILE=$(mktemp -t common.XXXX)
+
+if [[ "$2" == "patch" ]]; then
+    cd "$1"
+    parent=$(git merge-base HEAD master | head -1)
+    git diff ${parent}..HEAD --no-ext-diff --unified=0 --exit-code -a --no-prefix | grep -E "^\+" | \
+    grep --files-with-matches $'\r$' &> "$LOG_FILE"
+else
+  # For all the source and doc files
+  # We only return the files that contain CRLF
+  find "." -\( \
+      -name '*.S' -or \
+      -name '*.c' -or \
+      -name '*.h' -or \
+      -name '*.i' -or \
+      -name '*.dts' -or \
+      -name '*.dtsi' -or \
+      -name '*.rst' -or \
+      -name 'Makefile' -or \
+      -name '*.mk' \
+  -\) -exec grep --files-with-matches $'\r$' {} \; &> "$LOG_FILE"
+fi
+
+if [[ -s "$LOG_FILE" ]]; then
+    EXIT_VALUE=1
+fi
+
+{ echo; echo "****** $TEST_CASE ******"; echo; } >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+{ if [[ "$EXIT_VALUE" == 0 ]]; then \
+      echo "Result : SUCCESS"; \
+  else  \
+      echo "Result : FAILURE"; echo; cat "$LOG_FILE"; \
+  fi \
+} | tee -a "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+rm "$LOG_FILE"
+
+exit "$EXIT_VALUE"
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5341e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+# Check the coding style of the current patch (not the entire code base)
+# against the Linux coding style using the checkpatch.pl script from
+# the Linux kernel source tree.
+
+TEST_CASE="Coding style on current patch"
+
+echo "# Check coding style on the last patch"
+
+git show --summary
+
+LOG_FILE=$(mktemp -t coding-style-check.XXXX)
+
+# Make the patch against the specified remote branch
+if [ -n "$CODING_STYLE_BASE_BRANCH" ]; then
+	BASE_COMMIT="BASE_COMMIT=$CODING_STYLE_BASE_BRANCH"
+fi
+
+chmod +x $CI_ROOT/script/static-checks/checkpatch.pl
+
+CHECKPATCH=$CI_ROOT/script/static-checks/checkpatch.pl \
+  make checkpatch &> "$LOG_FILE"
+RES=$?
+
+if [[ "$RES" == 0 ]]; then
+  # Ignore warnings, only mark the test as failed if there are errors.
+  grep --quiet "total: [^0][0-9]* errors" "$LOG_FILE"
+  RES=$?
+else
+  RES=0
+fi
+
+if [[ "$RES" == 0 ]]; then
+  EXIT_VALUE=1
+else
+  EXIT_VALUE=0
+fi
+
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo "****** $TEST_CASE ******" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+if [[ "$EXIT_VALUE" == 0 ]]; then
+  echo "Result : SUCCESS" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+else
+  echo "Result : FAILURE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+fi
+# Always print the script output to show the warnings
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+cat "$LOG_FILE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+rm -f "$LOG_FILE"
+
+exit "$EXIT_VALUE"
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks-cppcheck.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks-cppcheck.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..40d161f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks-cppcheck.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+TEST_CASE="cppcheck to the entire source tree"
+
+echo "# cppcheck to the entire source tree"
+
+TF_BASE="$(pwd)"
+
+export LOG_TEST_FILENAME=$(pwd)/static-checks-cppcheck.log
+
+# cppcheck configuration
+COMMON_ARGS=(-j 16 -q -f --std=c99 --error-exitcode=1 --relative-paths="$TF_BASE")
+CHECKS_ARGS=(--enable=warning,style,portability)
+SUPPRESSIONS=(--suppress=variableScope)
+
+# Excluded directories
+EXCLUDES=(
+plat/hisilicon
+plat/mediatek
+plat/nvidia
+plat/qemu
+plat/rockchip
+plat/socionext
+plat/xilinx
+)
+
+do_lint()
+{
+  local EXCLUDED_DIRS=()
+  local HDR_INCS=()
+
+  LOG_FILE=$(mktemp -t cppcheck_log.XXXX)
+
+  # Build a list of excluded directories
+  for exc in "${EXCLUDES[@]}"; do
+    EXCLUDED_DIRS+=(-i "$exc")
+  done
+
+  while read -r dir; do
+    HDR_INCS+=(-I "$dir")
+  done < <(find "$TF_BASE" -name "*.h" -exec dirname {} \; | sort -u)
+
+  cppcheck \
+    "${COMMON_ARGS[@]}" \
+    "${CHECKS_ARGS[@]}" \
+    "${HDR_INCS[@]}" \
+    "${SUPPRESSIONS[@]}" \
+    "${EXCLUDED_DIRS[@]}" "$TF_BASE" &> "$LOG_FILE"
+  EXIT_VALUE="$?"
+
+  echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  echo "****** $TEST_CASE ******" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  if [[ "$EXIT_VALUE" == 0 ]]; then
+    echo "Result : SUCCESS" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  else
+    echo "Result : FAILURE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+    echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+    cat "$LOG_FILE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  fi
+  echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+  rm -f "$LOG_FILE"
+
+  exit "$EXIT_VALUE"
+}
+
+do_lint
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks-include-order.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks-include-order.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0f2b46c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks-include-order.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+# unittest-include-order.sh <path-to-root-folder> [patch]
+
+LOG_FILE=$(mktemp -t include-order-check.XXXX)
+
+if [[ "$2" == "patch" ]]; then
+  echo "# Check order of includes on the last patch"
+  TEST_CASE="Order of includes on the last patch(es)"
+  "$CI_ROOT/script/static-checks/check-include-order.py" --tree "$1" \
+      --patch --from-ref origin/master \
+      &> "$LOG_FILE"
+else
+  echo "# Check order of includes of the entire source tree"
+  TEST_CASE="Order of includes of the entire source tree"
+  "$CI_ROOT/script/static-checks/check-include-order.py" --tree "$1" \
+      &> "$LOG_FILE"
+fi
+
+EXIT_VALUE=$?
+
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo "****** $TEST_CASE ******" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+if [[ "$EXIT_VALUE" == 0 ]]; then
+  echo "Result : SUCCESS" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+else
+  echo "Result : FAILURE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+  cat "$LOG_FILE" >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+fi
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+rm -f "$LOG_FILE"
+
+exit "$EXIT_VALUE"
diff --git a/script/static-checks/static-checks.sh b/script/static-checks/static-checks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..882e9e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/static-checks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+echo '----------------------------------------------'
+echo '-- Running static checks on the source code --'
+echo '----------------------------------------------'
+
+# Find the absolute path of the scripts' top directory
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+export CI_ROOT=$(pwd)
+cd -
+
+# Initialize log file
+
+export LOG_TEST_FILENAME=$(pwd)/static-checks.log
+
+echo
+echo "###### Static checks ######"
+echo
+
+echo "###### Static checks ######" > "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+echo >> "$LOG_TEST_FILENAME"
+
+# Reset error counters
+
+ERROR_COUNT=0
+WARNING_COUNT=0
+
+# Ensure all the files contain a copyright
+
+echo 'Checking copyright in source files...'
+echo
+"$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-check-copyright.sh .
+if [ "$?" != 0 ]; then
+  echo "Copyright test: FAILURE"
+  ((ERROR_COUNT++))
+else
+  echo "Copyright test: PASS"
+fi
+echo
+
+# Check alphabetic order of headers included.
+
+if [ "$IS_CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION" == 1 ]; then
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-include-order.sh . patch
+else
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-include-order.sh .
+fi
+if [ "$?" != 0 ]; then
+  echo "Include order test: FAILURE"
+  ((WARNING_COUNT++))
+else
+  echo "Include order test: PASS"
+fi
+echo
+
+# Check line endings
+
+if [ "$IS_CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION" == 1 ]; then
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-line-endings.sh . patch
+else
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-line-endings.sh
+fi
+
+if [ "$?" != 0 ]; then
+  echo "Line ending test: FAILURE"
+  ((ERROR_COUNT++))
+else
+  echo "Line ending test: PASS"
+fi
+echo
+
+# Check coding style
+
+echo 'Checking coding style compliance...'
+echo
+if [ "$IS_CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION" == 1 ]; then
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style.sh
+else
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-coding-style-entire-src-tree.sh
+fi
+if [ "$?" != 0 ]; then
+  echo "Coding style test: FAILURE"
+  ((ERROR_COUNT++))
+else
+  echo "Coding style test: PASS"
+fi
+echo
+
+# Check for any Banned API usage
+
+echo 'Checking Banned API usage...'
+echo
+if [ "$IS_CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION" == 1 ]; then
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-banned-apis.sh . patch
+else
+    "$CI_ROOT"/script/static-checks/static-checks-banned-apis.sh
+fi
+if [ "$?" != 0 ]; then
+  echo "Banned API check: FAILURE"
+  ((ERROR_COUNT++))
+else
+  echo "Banned API check: PASS"
+fi
+echo
+
+
+# Check error count
+
+if [ "$ERROR_COUNT" != 0 ] || [ "$WARNING_COUNT" != 0 ]; then
+  echo "Some static checks have failed."
+fi
+
+if [ "$ERROR_COUNT" != 0 ]; then
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/script/static-checks/utils.py b/script/static-checks/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..548b64e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/static-checks/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019-2020, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+#
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import textwrap
+
+
+def dir_is_ignored(relative_path, ignored_folders):
+    '''Checks if a directory is on the ignore list or inside one of the ignored
+    directories. relative_path mustn't end in "/".'''
+
+    # Check if directory is in ignore list
+    if relative_path in ignored_folders:
+        return True
+
+    # Check if directory is a subdirectory of one in ignore list
+    return (relative_path + '/').startswith(ignored_folders)
+
+
+def file_is_ignored(relative_path, valid_file_extensions, ignored_files, ignored_folders):
+    '''Checks if a file is ignored based on its folder, name and extension.'''
+    if not relative_path.endswith(valid_file_extensions):
+        return True
+
+    if relative_path in ignored_files:
+        return True
+
+    return dir_is_ignored(os.path.dirname(relative_path), ignored_folders)
+
+
+def print_exception_info():
+    '''Print some information about the cause of an exception.'''
+    print("ERROR: Exception:")
+    print(textwrap.indent(str(sys.exc_info()[0]),"      "))
+    print(textwrap.indent(str(sys.exc_info()[1]),"      "))
+
+
+def decode_string(string, encoding='utf-8'):
+    '''Tries to decode a binary string. It gives an error if it finds
+    invalid characters, but it will return the string converted anyway,
+    ignoring these characters.'''
+    try:
+        string = string.decode(encoding)
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        # Capture exceptions caused by invalid characters.
+        print("ERROR:Non-{} characters detected.".format(encoding.upper()))
+        print_exception_info()
+        string = string.decode(encoding, "ignore")
+
+    return string
+
+
+def shell_command(cmd_line):
+    '''Executes a shell command. Returns (returncode, stdout, stderr), where
+    stdout and stderr are strings.'''
+
+    try:
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd_line, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
+        # No need for p.wait(), p.communicate() does it by default.
+    except:
+        print("ERROR: Shell command: ", end="")
+        print(cmd_line)
+        print_exception_info()
+        return (1, None, None)
+
+    stdout = decode_string(stdout)
+    stderr = decode_string(stderr)
+
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        print("ERROR: Shell command failed:")
+        print(textwrap.indent(str(cmd_line),"      "))
+        print("ERROR: stdout:")
+        print(textwrap.indent(stdout,"      "))
+        print("ERROR: stderr:")
+        print(textwrap.indent(stderr,"      "))
+
+    return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+