boot/bootutil/src/image_rsa.c

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

#include <string.h>

#ifdef APP_mynewt
#include "mynewt/config.h"
#endif

#ifdef MCUBOOT_SIGN_RSA
#include "bootutil/sign_key.h"
#include "bootutil/sha256.h"

#include "mbedtls/rsa.h"
#include "mbedtls/asn1.h"

#include "bootutil_priv.h"

#if MCUBOOT_RSA_PKCS1_15
static const uint8_t sha256_oid[] = {
    0x30, 0x31, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86,
    0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x05,
    0x00, 0x04, 0x20
};
#endif

#ifndef MCUBOOT_RSA_PKCS1_15
/*
 * Constants for this particular constrained implementation of
 * RSA-PSS.  In particular, we support RSA 2048, with a SHA256 hash,
 * and a 32-byte salt.  A signature with different parameters will be
 * rejected as invalid.
 */

/* The size, in octets, of the message. */
#define PSS_EMLEN 256

/* The size of the hash function.  For SHA256, this is 32 bytes. */
#define PSS_HLEN 32

/* Size of the salt, should be fixed. */
#define PSS_SLEN 32

/* The length of the mask: emLen - hLen - 1. */
#define PSS_MASK_LEN (256 - PSS_HLEN - 1)

#define PSS_HASH_OFFSET PSS_MASK_LEN

/* For the mask itself, how many bytes should be all zeros. */
#define PSS_MASK_ZERO_COUNT (PSS_MASK_LEN - PSS_SLEN - 1)
#define PSS_MASK_ONE_POS   PSS_MASK_ZERO_COUNT

/* Where the salt starts. */
#define PSS_MASK_SALT_POS   (PSS_MASK_ONE_POS + 1)

static const uint8_t pss_zeros[8] = {0};
#endif

/*
 * Parse the public key used for signing. Simple RSA format.
 */
static int
bootutil_parse_rsakey(mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx, uint8_t **p, uint8_t *end)
{
    int rc;
    size_t len;

    if ((rc = mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(p, end, &len,
          MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE)) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (*p + len != end) {
        return -2;
    }

    if ((rc = mbedtls_asn1_get_mpi(p, end, &ctx->N)) != 0 ||
      (rc = mbedtls_asn1_get_mpi(p, end, &ctx->E)) != 0) {
        return -3;
    }

    if (*p != end) {
        return -4;
    }

    if ((rc = mbedtls_rsa_check_pubkey(ctx)) != 0) {
        return -5;
    }

    ctx->len = mbedtls_mpi_size(&ctx->N);

    return 0;
}

#ifndef MCUBOOT_RSA_PKCS1_15
/*
 * Compute the RSA-PSS mask-generation function, MGF1.  Assumptions
 * are that the mask length will be less than 256 * PSS_HLEN, and
 * therefore we never need to increment anything other than the low
 * byte of the counter.
 *
 * This is described in PKCS#1, B.2.1.
 */
static void
pss_mgf1(uint8_t *mask, const uint8_t *hash)
{
    bootutil_sha256_context ctx;
    uint8_t counter[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
    uint8_t htmp[PSS_HLEN];
    int count = PSS_MASK_LEN;
    int bytes;

    while (count > 0) {
        bootutil_sha256_init(&ctx);
        bootutil_sha256_update(&ctx, hash, PSS_HLEN);
        bootutil_sha256_update(&ctx, counter, 4);
        bootutil_sha256_finish(&ctx, htmp);

        counter[3]++;

        bytes = PSS_HLEN;
        if (bytes > count)
            bytes = count;

        memcpy(mask, htmp, bytes);
        mask += bytes;
        count -= bytes;
    }
}

/*
 * Validate an RSA signature, using RSA-PSS, as described in PKCS #1
 * v2.2, section 9.1.2, with many parameters required to have fixed
 * values.
 */
static int
bootutil_cmp_rsasig(mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx, uint8_t *hash, uint32_t hlen,
  uint8_t *sig)
{
    bootutil_sha256_context shactx;
    uint8_t em[MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE];
    uint8_t db_mask[PSS_MASK_LEN];
    uint8_t h2[PSS_HLEN];
    int i;

    if (ctx->len != PSS_EMLEN || PSS_EMLEN > MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (hlen != PSS_HLEN) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (mbedtls_rsa_public(ctx, sig, em)) {
        return -1;
    }

    /*
     * PKCS #1 v2.2, 9.1.2 EMSA-PSS-Verify
     *
     * emBits is 2048
     * emLen = ceil(emBits/8) = 256
     *
     * The salt length is not known at the beginning.
     */

    /* Step 1.  The message is constrained by the address space of a
     * 32-bit processor, which is far less than the 2^61-1 limit of
     * SHA-256.
     */

    /* Step 2.  mHash is passed in as 'hash', with hLen the hlen
     * argument. */

    /* Step 3.  if emLen < hLen + sLen + 2, inconsistent and stop.
     * The salt length is not known at this point.
     */

    /* Step 4.  If the rightmost octect of EM does have the value
     * 0xbc, output inconsistent and stop.
     */
    if (em[PSS_EMLEN - 1] != 0xbc) {
        return -1;
    }

    /* Step 5.  Let maskedDB be the leftmost emLen - hLen - 1 octets
     * of EM, and H be the next hLen octets.
     *
     * maskedDB is then the first 256 - 32 - 1 = 0-222
     * H is 32 bytes 223-254
     */

    /* Step 6.  If the leftmost 8emLen - emBits bits of the leftmost
     * octet in maskedDB are not all equal to zero, output
     * inconsistent and stop.
     *
     * 8emLen - emBits is zero, so there is nothing to test here.
     */

    /* Step 7.  let dbMask = MGF(H, emLen - hLen - 1). */
    pss_mgf1(db_mask, &em[PSS_HASH_OFFSET]);

    /* Step 8.  let DB = maskedDB xor dbMask.
     * To avoid needing an additional buffer, store the 'db' in the
     * same buffer as db_mask.  From now, to the end of this function,
     * db_mask refers to the unmasked 'db'. */
    for (i = 0; i < PSS_MASK_LEN; i++) {
        db_mask[i] ^= em[i];
    }

    /* Step 9.  Set the leftmost 8emLen - emBits bits of the leftmost
     * octet in DB to zero.
     * pycrypto seems to always make the emBits 2047, so we need to
     * clear the top bit. */
    db_mask[0] &= 0x7F;

    /* Step 10.  If the emLen - hLen - sLen - 2 leftmost octets of DB
     * are not zero or if the octet at position emLen - hLen - sLen -
     * 1 (the leftmost position is "position 1") does not have
     * hexadecimal value 0x01, output "inconsistent" and stop. */
    for (i = 0; i < PSS_MASK_ZERO_COUNT; i++) {
        if (db_mask[i] != 0) {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    if (db_mask[PSS_MASK_ONE_POS] != 1) {
        return -1;
    }

    /* Step 11. Let salt be the last sLen octets of DB */

    /* Step 12.  Let M' = 0x00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 || mHash || salt; */

    /* Step 13.  Let H' = Hash(M') */
    bootutil_sha256_init(&shactx);
    bootutil_sha256_update(&shactx, pss_zeros, 8);
    bootutil_sha256_update(&shactx, hash, PSS_HLEN);
    bootutil_sha256_update(&shactx, &db_mask[PSS_MASK_SALT_POS], PSS_SLEN);
    bootutil_sha256_finish(&shactx, h2);

    /* Step 14.  If H = H', output "consistent".  Otherwise, output
     * "inconsistent". */
    if (memcmp(h2, &em[PSS_HASH_OFFSET], PSS_HLEN) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}
#else /* BOOTUTIL_RSA_PKCS1_15 */
/*
 * PKCS1.5 using RSA2048 computed over SHA256.
 */
static int
bootutil_cmp_rsasig(mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx, uint8_t *hash, uint32_t hlen,
  uint8_t *sig)
{
    uint8_t buf[MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE];
    uint8_t *p;

    if (ctx->len != 256) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (mbedtls_rsa_public(ctx, sig, buf)) {
        return -1;
    }

    p = buf;

    if (*p++ != 0 || *p++ != MBEDTLS_RSA_SIGN) {
        return -1;
    }

    while (*p != 0) {
        if (p >= buf + ctx->len - 1 || *p != 0xFF) {
            return -1;
        }
        p++;
    }
    p++;

    if ((p - buf) + sizeof(sha256_oid) + hlen != ctx->len) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (memcmp(p, sha256_oid, sizeof(sha256_oid))) {
        return -1;
    }
    p += sizeof(sha256_oid);

    if (memcmp(p, hash, hlen)) {
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}
#endif

int
bootutil_verify_sig(uint8_t *hash, uint32_t hlen, uint8_t *sig, int slen,
  uint8_t key_id)
{
    mbedtls_rsa_context ctx;
    int rc;
    uint8_t *cp;
    uint8_t *end;

    mbedtls_rsa_init(&ctx, 0, 0);

    cp = (uint8_t *)bootutil_keys[key_id].key;
    end = cp + *bootutil_keys[key_id].len;

    rc = bootutil_parse_rsakey(&ctx, &cp, end);
    if (rc || slen != ctx.len) {
        mbedtls_rsa_free(&ctx);
        return rc;
    }
    rc = bootutil_cmp_rsasig(&ctx, hash, hlen, sig);
    mbedtls_rsa_free(&ctx);

    return rc;
}
#endif /* MCUBOOT_SIGN_RSA */