inc/qcbor/qcbor_encode.h

/*==============================================================================
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#ifndef qcbor_encode_h
#define qcbor_encode_h


#include "qcbor/qcbor_common.h"
#include "qcbor/qcbor_private.h"
#include <stdbool.h>


#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#if 0
} // Keep editor indention formatting happy
#endif
#endif


/**
 @file qcbor_encode.h

 Q C B O R   E n c o d e / D e c o d e

 This implements CBOR -- Concise Binary Object Representation as
 defined in [RFC 7049] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049). More
 info is at http://cbor.io.  This is a near-complete implementation of
 the specification. Limitations are listed further down.

 CBOR is intentionally designed to be translatable to JSON, but not
 all CBOR can convert to JSON. See RFC 7049 for more info on how to
 construct CBOR that is the most JSON friendly.

 The memory model for encoding and decoding is that encoded CBOR must
 be in a contiguous buffer in memory.  During encoding the caller must
 supply an output buffer and if the encoding would go off the end of
 the buffer an error is returned.  During decoding the caller supplies
 the encoded CBOR in a contiguous buffer and the decoder returns
 pointers and lengths into that buffer for strings.

 This implementation does not require malloc. All data structures
 passed in/out of the APIs can fit on the stack.

 Decoding of indefinite-length strings is a special case that requires
 a "string allocator" to allocate memory into which the segments of
 the string are coalesced. Without this, decoding will error out if an
 indefinite-length string is encountered (indefinite-length maps and
 arrays do not require the string allocator). A simple string
 allocator called MemPool is built-in and will work if supplied with a
 block of memory to allocate. The string allocator can optionally use
 malloc() or some other custom scheme.

 Here are some terms and definitions:

 - "Item", "Data Item": An integer or string or such. The basic "thing" that
 CBOR is about. An array is an item itself that contains some items.

 - "Array": An ordered sequence of items, the same as JSON.

 - "Map": A collection of label/value pairs. Each pair is a data
 item. A JSON "object" is the same as a CBOR "map".

 - "Label": The data item in a pair in a map that names or identifies
 the pair, not the value. This implementation refers to it as a
 "label".  JSON refers to it as the "name". The CBOR RFC refers to it
 this as a "key".  This implementation chooses label instead because
 key is too easily confused with a cryptographic key. The COSE
 standard, which uses CBOR, has also chosen to use the term "label"
 rather than "key" for this same reason.

 - "Key": See "Label" above.

 - "Tag": Optional integer that can be added before each data item
 usually to indicate it is new or more specific data type. For
 example, a tag can indicate an integer is a date, or that a map is to
 be considered a type (analogous to a typedef in C).

 - "Initial Byte": The first byte of an encoded item. Encoding and
 decoding of this byte is taken care of by the implementation.

 - "Additional Info": In addition to the major type, all data items
 have some other info. This is usually the length of the data but can
 be several other things. Encoding and decoding of this is taken care
 of by the implementation.

 CBOR has two mechanisms for tagging and labeling the data values like
 integers and strings. For example, an integer that represents
 someone's birthday in epoch seconds since Jan 1, 1970 could be
 encoded like this:

 - First it is CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_POSITIVE_INT (@ref QCBOR_TYPE_INT64),
 the primitive positive integer.

 - Next it has a "tag" @ref CBOR_TAG_DATE_EPOCH indicating the integer
 represents a date in the form of the number of seconds since Jan 1,
 1970.

 - Last it has a string "label" like "BirthDate" indicating the
 meaning of the data.

 The encoded binary looks like this:

      a1                      # Map of 1 item
         69                   # Indicates text string of 9 bytes
           426972746844617465 # The text "BirthDate"
        c1                    # Tags next integer as epoch date
           1a                 # Indicates a 4-byte integer
               580d4172       # unsigned integer date 1477263730

 Implementors using this API will primarily work with
 labels. Generally, tags are only needed for making up new data
 types. This implementation covers most of the data types defined in
 the RFC using tags. It also, allows for the use of custom tags if
 necessary.

 This implementation explicitly supports labels that are text strings
 and integers. Text strings translate nicely into JSON objects and are
 very readable.  Integer labels are much less readable but can be very
 compact. If they are in the range of 0 to 23, they take up only one
 byte.

 CBOR allows a label to be any type of data including an array or a
 map. It is possible to use this API to construct and parse such
 labels, but it is not explicitly supported.

 A common encoding usage mode is to invoke the encoding twice. First
 with no output buffer to compute the length of the needed output
 buffer. Then the correct sized output buffer is allocated. Last the
 encoder is invoked again, this time with the output buffer.

 The double invocation is not required if the maximum output buffer
 size can be predicted. This is usually possible for simple CBOR
 structures.  If the double invocation is implemented, it can be in a
 loop or function as in the example code so that the code doesn't have
 to actually be written twice, saving code size.

 If a buffer too small to hold the encoded output is given, the error
 @ref QCBOR_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL will be returned. Data will never be
 written off the end of the output buffer no matter which functions
 here are called or what parameters are passed to them.

 The encoding error handling is simple. The only possible errors are
 trying to encode structures that are too large or too complex. There
 are no internal malloc calls so there will be no failures for out of
 memory.  The error state is tracked internally, so there is no need
 to check for errors when encoding. Only the return code from
 QCBOREncode_Finish() need be checked as once an error happens, the
 encoder goes into an error state and calls to it to add more data
 will do nothing. An error check is not needed after every data item
 is added.

 Encoding generally proceeds by calling QCBOREncode_Init(), calling
 lots of @c QCBOREncode_AddXxx() functions and calling
 QCBOREncode_Finish(). There are many @c QCBOREncode_AddXxx()
 functions for various data types. The input buffers need only to be
 valid during the @c QCBOREncode_AddXxx() calls as the data is copied
 into the output buffer.

 There are three `Add` functions for each data type. The first / main
 one for the type is for adding the data item to an array.  The second
 one's name ends in `ToMap`, is used for adding data items to maps and
 takes a string argument that is its label in the map. The third one
 ends in `ToMapN`, is also used for adding data items to maps, and
 takes an integer argument that is its label in the map.

 The simplest aggregate type is an array, which is a simple ordered
 set of items without labels the same as JSON arrays. Call
 QCBOREncode_OpenArray() to open a new array, then various @c
 QCBOREncode_AddXxx() functions to put items in the array and then
 QCBOREncode_CloseArray(). Nesting to the limit @ref
 QCBOR_MAX_ARRAY_NESTING is allowed.  All opens must be matched by
 closes or an encoding error will be returned.

 The other aggregate type is a map which does use labels. The `Add`
 functions that end in `ToMap` and `ToMapN` are convenient ways to add
 labeled data items to a map. You can also call any type of `Add`
 function once to add a label of any time and then call any type of
 `Add` again to add its value.

 Note that when you nest arrays or maps in a map, the nested array or
 map has a label.

 Many CBOR-based protocols start with an array or map. This makes them
 self-delimiting. No external length or end marker is needed to know
 the end. It is also possible not start this way, in which case this
 it is usually called a CBOR sequence which is described in [RFC 8742] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8742 ).
 This encoder supports either just by whether the first item added is an
 array, map or other.

 @anchor Tags-Overview





 Any CBOR data item can be tagged to add semantics, define a new data
 type or such. Some tags are fully standardized and some are just
 registered. Others are not registered and used in a proprietary way.

 Encoding and decoding of many of the registered tags is fully
 implemented by QCBOR. It is also possible to encode and decode tags
 that are not directly supported.  For many use cases the built-in tag
 support should be adequate.

 For example, the registered epoch date tag is supported in encoding
 by QCBOREncode_AddDateEpoch() and in decoding by @ref
 QCBOR_TYPE_DATE_EPOCH and the @c epochDate member of @ref
 QCBORItem. This is typical of the built-in tag support. There is an
 API to encode data for it and a @c QCBOR_TYPE_XXX when it is decoded.

 Tags are registered in the [IANA CBOR Tags Registry]
 (https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml). There
 are roughly three options to create a new tag. First, a public
 specification can be created and the new tag registered with IANA.
 This is the most formal. Second, the new tag can be registered with
 IANA with just a short description rather than a full specification.
 These tags must be greater than 256. Third, a tag can be used without
 any IANA registration, though the registry should be checked to see
 that the new value doesn't collide with one that is registered. The
 value of these tags must be 256 or larger.

 The encoding side of tags not built-in is handled by
 QCBOREncode_AddTag() and is relatively simple. Tag decoding is more
 complex and mainly handled by QCBORDecode_GetNext(). Decoding of the
 structure of tagged data not built-in (if there is any) has to be
 implemented by the caller.

 @anchor Floating-Point
 By default QCBOR fully supports IEEE 754 floating-point:
  - Encode/decode of double, single and half-precision
  - CBOR preferred serialization of floating-point
  - Floating-point epoch dates

 For the most part, the type double is used in the interface for
 floating-point values. In the default configuration, all decoded
 floating-point values are returned as a double.

 With CBOR preferred serialization, the encoder outputs the smallest
 representation of the double or float that preserves precision. Zero,
 NaN and infinity are always output as a half-precision, each taking
 just 2 bytes. This reduces the number of bytes needed to encode
 double and single-precision, especially if zero, NaN and infinity are
 frequently used.

 To avoid use of preferred serialization in the standard configuration
 when encoding, use QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred() or
 QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferred().

 This implementation of preferred floating-point serialization and
 half-precision does not depend on the CPU having floating-point HW or
 the compiler bringing in a (sometimes large) library to compensate
 for lack of CPU support. This implementation uses shifts and masks
 rather than floating-point functions.

 To reduce overall object code by about 900 bytes, define
 QCBOR_DISABLE_PREFERRED_FLOAT. This will eliminate all support for
 preferred serialization and half-precision. An error will be returned
 when attempting to decode half-precision. A float will always be
 encoded and decoded as 32-bits and a double will always be encoded
 and decoded as 64 bits.

 Note that even if QCBOR_DISABLE_PREFERRED_FLOAT is not defined all
 the float-point encoding object code can be avoided by never calling
 any functions that encode double or float. Just not calling
 floating-point functions will reduce object code by about 500 bytes.

 On CPUs that have no floating-point hardware,
 QCBOR_DISABLE_FLOAT_HW_USE should be defined in most cases. If it is
 not, then the compiler will bring in possibly large software
 libraries to compensate. Defining
 QCBOR_DISABLE_FLOAT_HW_USE reduces object code size on CPUs with
 floating-point hardware by a tiny amount and eliminates the need for <math.h>

 When QCBOR_DISABLE_FLOAT_HW_USE is defined, trying to decoding
 floating-point dates will give error @ref
 QCBOR_ERR_FLOAT_DATE_DISABLED and decoded single-precision numbers
 will be returned as @ref QCBOR_TYPE_FLOAT instead of converting them
 to double as usual.

 If both QCBOR_DISABLE_FLOAT_HW_USE and QCBOR_DISABLE_PREFERRED_FLOAT
 are defined, then the only thing QCBOR can do is encode/decode a C
 float type as 32-bits and a C double type as 64-bits. Floating-point
 epoch dates will be unsupported.

 Summary Limits of this implementation:
 - The entire encoded CBOR must fit into contiguous memory.
 - Max size of encoded / decoded CBOR data is @c UINT32_MAX (4GB).
 - Max array / map nesting level when encoding / decoding is
   @ref QCBOR_MAX_ARRAY_NESTING (this is typically 15).
 - Max items in an array or map when encoding / decoding is
   @ref QCBOR_MAX_ITEMS_IN_ARRAY (typically 65,536).
 - Does not directly support labels in maps other than text strings & integers.
 - Does not directly support integer labels greater than @c INT64_MAX.
 - Epoch dates limited to @c INT64_MAX (+/- 292 billion years).
 - Exponents for bigfloats and decimal integers are limited to @c INT64_MAX.
 - Tags on labels are ignored during decoding.
 - There is no duplicate detection of map labels (but duplicates are passed on).
 - Works only on 32- and 64-bit CPUs (modifications could make it work
   on 16-bit CPUs).

 The public interface uses @c size_t for all lengths. Internally the
 implementation uses 32-bit lengths by design to use less memory and
 fit structures on the stack. This limits the encoded CBOR it can work
 with to size @c UINT32_MAX (4GB) which should be enough.

 This implementation assumes two's compliment integer machines. @c
 <stdint.h> also requires this. It is possible to modify this
 implementation for another integer representation, but all modern
 machines seem to be two's compliment.

 */


/*
 The size of the buffer to be passed to QCBOREncode_EncodeHead(). It is one
 byte larger than sizeof(uint64_t) + 1, the actual maximum size of the
 head of a CBOR data item. because QCBOREncode_EncodeHead() needs
 one extra byte to work.
 */
#define QCBOR_HEAD_BUFFER_SIZE  (sizeof(uint64_t) + 2)


/**
 Output the full CBOR tag. See @Tags-Overview.
 */
#define QCBOR_ENCODE_AS_TAG      0

/**
  Output only the 'borrowed' content format for the relevant tag. See @Tags-Overview.
 */
#define QCBOR_ENCODE_AS_BORROWED 1


/**
 QCBOREncodeContext is the data type that holds context for all the
 encoding functions. It is less than 200 bytes, so it can go on the
 stack. The contents are opaque, and the caller should not access
 internal members.  A context may be re used serially as long as it is
 re initialized.
 */
typedef struct _QCBOREncodeContext QCBOREncodeContext;


/**
 Initialize the encoder to prepare to encode some CBOR.

 @param[in,out]  pCtx     The encoder context to initialize.
 @param[in]      Storage  The buffer into which this encoded result
                          will be placed.

 Call this once at the start of an encoding of a CBOR structure. Then
 call the various @c QCBOREncode_AddXxx() functions to add the data
 items. Then call QCBOREncode_Finish().

 The maximum output buffer is @c UINT32_MAX (4GB). This is not a
 practical limit in any way and reduces the memory needed by the
 implementation.  The error @ref QCBOR_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE will be
 returned by QCBOREncode_Finish() if a larger buffer length is passed
 in.

 If this is called with @c Storage.ptr as @c NULL and @c Storage.len a
 large value like @c UINT32_MAX, all the QCBOREncode_AddXxx()
 functions and QCBOREncode_Finish() can still be called. No data will
 be encoded, but the length of what would be encoded will be
 calculated. The length of the encoded structure will be handed back
 in the call to QCBOREncode_Finish(). You can then allocate a buffer
 of that size and call all the encoding again, this time to fill in
 the buffer.

 A @ref QCBOREncodeContext can be reused over and over as long as
 QCBOREncode_Init() is called.
 */
void QCBOREncode_Init(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBuf Storage);


/**
 @brief  Add a signed 64-bit integer to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx   The encoding context to add the integer to.
 @param[in] nNum   The integer to add.

 The integer will be encoded and added to the CBOR output.

 This function figures out the size and the sign and encodes in the
 correct minimal CBOR. Specifically, it will select CBOR major type 0
 or 1 based on sign and will encode to 1, 2, 4 or 8 bytes depending on
 the value of the integer. Values less than 24 effectively encode to
 one byte because they are encoded in with the CBOR major type.  This
 is a neat and efficient characteristic of CBOR that can be taken
 advantage of when designing CBOR-based protocols. If integers like
 tags can be kept between -23 and 23 they will be encoded in one byte
 including the major type.

 If you pass a smaller int, say an @c int16_t or a small value, say
 100, the encoding will still be CBOR's most compact that can
 represent the value.  For example, CBOR always encodes the value 0 as
 one byte, 0x00. The representation as 0x00 includes identification of
 the type as an integer too as the major type for an integer is 0. See
 [RFC 7049] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) Appendix A for more
 examples of CBOR encoding. This compact encoding is also canonical
 CBOR as per section 3.9 in RFC 7049.

 There are no functions to add @c int16_t or @c int32_t because they
 are not necessary because this always encodes to the smallest number
 of bytes based on the value (If this code is running on a 32-bit
 machine having a way to add 32-bit integers would reduce code size
 some).

 If the encoding context is in an error state, this will do
 nothing. If an error occurs when adding this integer, the internal
 error flag will be set, and the error will be returned when
 QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 See also QCBOREncode_AddUInt64().
 */
void QCBOREncode_AddInt64(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddInt64ToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, int64_t uNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddInt64ToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, int64_t uNum);


/**
 @brief  Add an unsigned 64-bit integer to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the integer to.
 @param[in] uNum  The integer to add.

 The integer will be encoded and added to the CBOR output.

 The only reason so use this function is for integers larger than @c
 INT64_MAX and smaller than @c UINT64_MAX. Otherwise
 QCBOREncode_AddInt64() will work fine.

 Error handling is the same as for QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
void QCBOREncode_AddUInt64(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint64_t uNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddUInt64ToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, uint64_t uNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddUInt64ToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, uint64_t uNum);


/**
 @brief  Add a UTF-8 text string to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx   The encoding context to add the text to.
 @param[in] Text   Pointer and length of text to add.

 The text passed in must be unencoded UTF-8 according to [RFC 3629]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629). There is no NULL
 termination. The text is added as CBOR major type 3.

 If called with @c nBytesLen equal to 0, an empty string will be
 added. When @c nBytesLen is 0, @c pBytes may be @c NULL.

 Note that the restriction of the buffer length to a @c uint32_t is
 entirely intentional as this encoder is not capable of encoding
 lengths greater. This limit to 4GB for a text string should not be a
 problem.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddText(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Text);

static void QCBOREncode_AddTextToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Text);

static void QCBOREncode_AddTextToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Text);


/**
 @brief  Add a UTF-8 text string to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx      The encoding context to add the text to.
 @param[in] szString  Null-terminated text to add.

 This works the same as QCBOREncode_AddText().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddSZString(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szString);

static void QCBOREncode_AddSZStringToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, const char *szString);

static void QCBOREncode_AddSZStringToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, const char *szString);


/**
 @brief Add a double-precision floating-point number to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the double to.
 @param[in] dNum  The double-precision number to add.

 This encodes and outputs a floating-point number. CBOR major type 7
 is used.

 This implements preferred serialization, selectively encoding the
 double-precision floating-point number as either double-precision,
 single-precision or half-precision. Infinity, NaN and 0 are always
 encoded as half-precision. If no precision will be lost in the
 conversion to half-precision, then it will be converted and
 encoded. If not and no precision will be lost in conversion to
 single-precision, then it will be converted and encoded. If not, then
 no conversion is performed, and it encoded as a double-precision.

 Half-precision floating-point numbers take up 2 bytes, half that of
 single-precision, one quarter of double-precision

 This automatically reduces the size of encoded CBOR, maybe even by
 four if most of values are 0, infinity or NaN.

 When decoded, QCBOR will usually return these values as
 double-precision.

 It is possible to disable this preferred serialization when compiling
 QCBOR. In that case, this functions the same as
 QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred().

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().

 See also QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred(), QCBOREncode_AddFloat()
 and QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferred() and @ref Floating-Point.
 */
void QCBOREncode_AddDouble(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, double dNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, double dNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, double dNum);


/**
 @brief Add a single-precision floating-point number to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the double to.
 @param[in] fNum  The single-precision number to add.

 This is identical to QCBOREncode_AddDouble() except the input is
 single-precision.

 See also QCBOREncode_AddDouble(), QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred(),
 and QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferred() and @ref Floating-Point.
*/
void QCBOREncode_AddFloat(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, float fNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddFloatToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, float fNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddFloatToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, float dNum);


/**
 @brief Add a double-precision floating-point number without preferred encoding.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the double to.
 @param[in] dNum  The double-precision number to add.

 This always outputs the number as a 64-bit double-precision.
 Preferred serialization is not used.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().

 See also QCBOREncode_AddDouble(), QCBOREncode_AddFloat(), and
 QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferred() and @ref Floating-Point.
*/
void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, double dNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferredToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, double dNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferredToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, double dNum);


/**
 @brief Add a single-precision floating-point number without preferred encoding.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the double to.
 @param[in] fNum  The single-precision number to add.

 This always outputs the number as a 32-bit single-precision.
 Preferred serialization is not used.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().

 See also QCBOREncode_AddDouble(), QCBOREncode_AddFloat(), and
 QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred() and @ref Floating-Point.
*/
void QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferred(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, float fNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferredToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, float fNum);

static void QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferredToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, float fNum);



/**
 @brief Add an optional tag.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the tag to.
 @param[in] uTag  The tag to add

 This outputs a CBOR major type 6 item that tags the next data item
 that is output usually to indicate it is some new data type.

 For many of the common standard tags, a function to encode data using
 it is provided and this is not needed. For example,
 QCBOREncode_AddDateEpoch() already exists to output integers
 representing dates with the right tag.

 The tag is applied to the next data item added to the encoded
 output. That data item that is to be tagged can be of any major CBOR
 type. Any number of tags can be added to a data item by calling this
 multiple times before the data item is added.

 See @ref Tags-Overview for discussion of creating new non-standard
 tags. See QCBORDecode_GetNext() for discussion of decoding custom
 tags.
*/
void QCBOREncode_AddTag(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,uint64_t uTag);


/**
 @brief  Add an epoch-based date.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the date to.
 @param[in] uTag  Either @ref QCBOR_ENCODE_AS_TAG or @ref QCBOR_ENCODE_AS_BORROWED.
 @param[in] date  Number of seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00Z in UTC time.

 As per RFC 7049 this is similar to UNIX/Linux/POSIX dates. This is
 the most compact way to specify a date and time in CBOR. Note that
 this is always UTC and does not include the time zone.  Use
 QCBOREncode_AddDateString() if you want to include the time zone.

 The integer encoding rules apply here so the date will be encoded in
 a minimal number of bytes. Until about the year 2106 these dates will
 encode in 6 bytes -- one byte for the tag, one byte for the type and
 4 bytes for the integer. After that it will encode to 10 bytes.

 Negative values are supported for dates before 1970.

 If you care about leap-seconds and that level of accuracy, make sure
 the system you are running this code on does it correctly. This code
 just takes the value passed in.

 This implementation cannot encode fractional seconds using float or
 double even though that is allowed by CBOR, but you can encode them
 if you want to by calling QCBOREncode_AddDouble() and
 QCBOREncode_AddTag().

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpoch(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint8_t uTag, int64_t date);

static void QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpochToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, uint8_t uTag, int64_t date);

static  void QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpochToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, uint8_t uTag, int64_t date);


static void QCBOREncode_AddDateEpoch(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t date);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDateEpochToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, int64_t date);

static  void QCBOREncode_AddDateEpochToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, int64_t date);


/**
 @brief Add a byte string to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx   The encoding context to add the bytes to.
 @param[in] Bytes  Pointer and length of the input data.

 Simply adds the bytes to the encoded output as CBOR major type 2.

 If called with @c Bytes.len equal to 0, an empty string will be
 added. When @c Bytes.len is 0, @c Bytes.ptr may be @c NULL.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddBytes(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBytesToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBytesToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);



/**
 @brief Add a binary UUID to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx   The encoding context to add the UUID to.
 @param[in] Bytes  Pointer and length of the binary UUID.

 A binary UUID as defined in [RFC 4122]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122) is added to the output.

 It is output as CBOR major type 2, a binary string, with tag @ref
 CBOR_TAG_BIN_UUID indicating the binary string is a UUID.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddBinaryUUID(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBinaryUUIDToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBinaryUUIDToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);


/**
 @brief Add a positive big number to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx   The encoding context to add the big number to.
 @param[in] Bytes  Pointer and length of the big number.

 Big numbers are integers larger than 64-bits. Their format is
 described in [RFC 7049] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049).

 It is output as CBOR major type 2, a binary string, with tag @ref
 CBOR_TAG_POS_BIGNUM indicating the binary string is a positive big
 number.

 Often big numbers are used to represent cryptographic keys, however,
 COSE which defines representations for keys chose not to use this
 particular type.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);


/**
 @brief Add a negative big number to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx   The encoding context to add the big number to.
 @param[in] Bytes  Pointer and length of the big number.

 Big numbers are integers larger than 64-bits. Their format is
 described in [RFC 7049] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049).

 It is output as CBOR major type 2, a binary string, with tag @ref
 CBOR_TAG_NEG_BIGNUM indicating the binary string is a negative big
 number.

 Often big numbers are used to represent cryptographic keys, however,
 COSE which defines representations for keys chose not to use this
 particular type.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddNegativeBignum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddNegativeBignumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static void QCBOREncode_AddNegativeBignumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);


#ifndef QCBOR_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXP_AND_MANTISSA
/**
 @brief Add a decimal fraction to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx            The encoding context to add the decimal fraction to.
 @param[in] nMantissa       The mantissa.
 @param[in] nBase10Exponent The exponent.

 The value is nMantissa * 10 ^ nBase10Exponent.

 A decimal fraction is good for exact representation of some values
 that can't be represented exactly with standard C (IEEE 754)
 floating-point numbers.  Much larger and much smaller numbers can
 also be represented than floating-point because of the larger number
 of bits in the exponent.

 The decimal fraction is conveyed as two integers, a mantissa and a
 base-10 scaling factor.

 For example, 273.15 is represented by the two integers 27315 and -2.

 The exponent and mantissa have the range from @c INT64_MIN to
 @c INT64_MAX for both encoding and decoding (CBOR allows @c -UINT64_MAX
 to @c UINT64_MAX, but this implementation doesn't support this range to
 reduce code size and interface complexity a little).

 CBOR Preferred encoding of the integers is used, thus they will be encoded
 in the smallest number of bytes possible.

 See also QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNum() for a decimal
 fraction with arbitrarily large precision and QCBOREncode_AddBigFloat().

 There is no representation of positive or negative infinity or NaN
 (Not a Number). Use QCBOREncode_AddDouble() to encode them.

 See @ref expAndMantissa for decoded representation.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFraction(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                           int64_t             nMantissa,
                                           int64_t             nBase10Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                const char         *szLabel,
                                                int64_t             nMantissa,
                                                int64_t             nBase10Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                 int64_t             nLabel,
                                                 int64_t             nMantissa,
                                                 int64_t             nBase10Exponent);

/**
 @brief Add a decimal fraction with a big number mantissa to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx            The encoding context to add the decimal fraction to.
 @param[in] Mantissa        The mantissa.
 @param[in] bIsNegative     false if mantissa is positive, true if negative.
 @param[in] nBase10Exponent The exponent.

 This is the same as QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFraction() except the
 mantissa is a big number (See QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignum())
 allowing for arbitrarily large precision.

 See @ref expAndMantissa for decoded representation.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                 UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                 bool                bIsNegative,
                                                 int64_t             nBase10Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                      const char         *szLabel,
                                                      UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                      bool                bIsNegative,
                                                      int64_t             nBase10Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                       int64_t             nLabel,
                                                       UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                       bool                bIsNegative,
                                                       int64_t             nBase10Exponent);

/**
 @brief Add a big floating-point number to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx            The encoding context to add the bigfloat to.
 @param[in] nMantissa       The mantissa.
 @param[in] nBase2Exponent  The exponent.

 The value is nMantissa * 2 ^ nBase2Exponent.

 "Bigfloats", as CBOR terms them, are similar to IEEE floating-point
 numbers in having a mantissa and base-2 exponent, but they are not
 supported by hardware or encoded the same. They explicitly use two
 CBOR-encoded integers to convey the mantissa and exponent, each of which
 can be 8, 16, 32 or 64 bits. With both the mantissa and exponent
 64 bits they can express more precision and a larger range than an
 IEEE double floating-point number. See
 QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNum() for even more precision.

 For example, 1.5 would be represented by a mantissa of 3 and an
 exponent of -1.

 The exponent and mantissa have the range from @c INT64_MIN to
 @c INT64_MAX for both encoding and decoding (CBOR allows @c -UINT64_MAX
 to @c UINT64_MAX, but this implementation doesn't support this range to
 reduce code size and interface complexity a little).

 CBOR Preferred encoding of the integers is used, thus they will be encoded
 in the smallest number of bytes possible.

 This can also be used to represent floating-point numbers in
 environments that don't support IEEE 754.

 See @ref expAndMantissa for decoded representation.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloat(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                    int64_t             nMantissa,
                                    int64_t             nBase2Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                         const char         *szLabel,
                                         int64_t             nMantissa,
                                         int64_t             nBase2Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                          int64_t             nLabel,
                                          int64_t             nMantissa,
                                          int64_t             nBase2Exponent);


/**
 @brief Add a big floating-point number with a big number mantissa to
        the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx            The encoding context to add the bigfloat to.
 @param[in] Mantissa        The mantissa.
 @param[in] bIsNegative     false if mantissa is positive, true if negative.
 @param[in] nBase2Exponent  The exponent.

 This is the same as QCBOREncode_AddBigFloat() except the mantissa is
 a big number (See QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignum()) allowing for
 arbitrary precision.

 See @ref expAndMantissa for decoded representation.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                          UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                          bool                bIsNegative,
                                          int64_t             nBase2Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                               const char         *szLabel,
                                               UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                               bool                bIsNegative,
                                               int64_t             nBase2Exponent);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                int64_t             nLabel,
                                                UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                bool                bIsNegative,
                                                int64_t             nBase2Exponent);
#endif /* QCBOR_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXP_AND_MANTISSA */


/**
 @brief Add a text URI to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the URI to.
 @param[in] URI   Pointer and length of the URI.

 The format of URI must be per [RFC 3986]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986).

 It is output as CBOR major type 3, a text string, with tag @ref
 CBOR_TAG_URI indicating the text string is a URI.

 A URI in a NULL-terminated string, @c szURI, can be easily added with
 this code:

      QCBOREncode_AddURI(pCtx, UsefulBuf_FromSZ(szURI));
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddURI(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC URI);

static void QCBOREncode_AddURIToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC URI);

static void QCBOREncode_AddURIToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC URI);


/**
 @brief Add Base64-encoded text to encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx     The encoding context to add the base-64 text to.
 @param[in] B64Text  Pointer and length of the base-64 encoded text.

 The text content is Base64 encoded data per [RFC 4648]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648).

 It is output as CBOR major type 3, a text string, with tag @ref
 CBOR_TAG_B64 indicating the text string is Base64 encoded.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddB64Text(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC B64Text);

static void QCBOREncode_AddB64TextToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text);

static void QCBOREncode_AddB64TextToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text);


/**
 @brief Add base64url encoded data to encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx     The encoding context to add the base64url to.
 @param[in] B64Text  Pointer and length of the base64url encoded text.

 The text content is base64URL encoded text as per [RFC 4648]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648).

 It is output as CBOR major type 3, a text string, with tag @ref
 CBOR_TAG_B64URL indicating the text string is a Base64url encoded.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddB64URLText(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC B64Text);

static void QCBOREncode_AddB64URLTextToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text);

static void QCBOREncode_AddB64URLTextToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text);


/**
 @brief Add Perl Compatible Regular Expression.

 @param[in] pCtx    The encoding context to add the regular expression to.
 @param[in] Regex   Pointer and length of the regular expression.

 The text content is Perl Compatible Regular
 Expressions (PCRE) / JavaScript syntax [ECMA262].

 It is output as CBOR major type 3, a text string, with tag @ref
 CBOR_TAG_REGEX indicating the text string is a regular expression.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddRegex(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Regex);

static void QCBOREncode_AddRegexToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Regex);

static void QCBOREncode_AddRegexToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Regex);


/**
 @brief MIME encoded text to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx      The encoding context to add the MIME data to.
 @param[in] MIMEData  Pointer and length of the regular expression.

 The text content is in MIME format per [RFC 2045]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045) including the headers. Note
 that this only supports text-format MIME. Binary MIME is not
 supported.

 It is output as CBOR major type 3, a text string, with tag
 @ref CBOR_TAG_MIME indicating the text string is MIME data.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddMIMEData(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC MIMEData);

static void QCBOREncode_AddMIMEDataToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC MIMEData);

static void QCBOREncode_AddMIMEDataToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC MIMEData);


/**
 @brief  Add an RFC 3339 date string

 @param[in] pCtx    The encoding context to add the date to.
 @param[in] szDate  Null-terminated string with date to add.

 The string szDate should be in the form of [RFC 3339]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339) as defined by section 3.3 in
 [RFC 4287] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287). This is as
 described in section 2.4.1 in [RFC 7049]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049).

 Note that this function doesn't validate the format of the date string
 at all. If you add an incorrect format date string, the generated
 CBOR will be incorrect and the receiver may not be able to handle it.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddDateString(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szDate);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDateStringToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, const char *szDate);

static void QCBOREncode_AddDateStringToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, const char *szDate);


/**
 @brief  Add a standard Boolean.

 @param[in] pCtx   The encoding context to add the Boolean to.
 @param[in] b      true or false from @c <stdbool.h>.

 Adds a Boolean value as CBOR major type 7.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddBool(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, bool b);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBoolToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, bool b);

static void QCBOREncode_AddBoolToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, bool b);



/**
 @brief  Add a NULL to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the NULL to.

 Adds the NULL value as CBOR major type 7.

 This NULL doesn't have any special meaning in CBOR such as a
 terminating value for a string or an empty value.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddNULL(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);

static void QCBOREncode_AddNULLToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel);

static void QCBOREncode_AddNULLToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel);


/**
 @brief  Add an "undef" to the encoded output.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context to add the "undef" to.

 Adds the undef value as CBOR major type 7.

 Note that this value will not translate to JSON.

 This Undef doesn't have any special meaning in CBOR such as a
 terminating value for a string or an empty value.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddUndef(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);

static void QCBOREncode_AddUndefToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel);

static void QCBOREncode_AddUndefToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel);


/**
 @brief  Indicates that the next items added are in an array.

 @param[in] pCtx The encoding context to open the array in.

 Arrays are the basic CBOR aggregate or structure type. Call this
 function to start or open an array. Then call the various @c
 QCBOREncode_AddXxx() functions to add the items that go into the
 array. Then call QCBOREncode_CloseArray() when all items have been
 added. The data items in the array can be of any type and can be of
 mixed types.

 Nesting of arrays and maps is allowed and supported just by calling
 QCBOREncode_OpenArray() again before calling
 QCBOREncode_CloseArray().  While CBOR has no limit on nesting, this
 implementation does in order to keep it smaller and simpler.  The
 limit is @ref QCBOR_MAX_ARRAY_NESTING. This is the max number of
 times this can be called without calling
 QCBOREncode_CloseArray(). QCBOREncode_Finish() will return @ref
 QCBOR_ERR_ARRAY_NESTING_TOO_DEEP when it is called as this function
 just sets an error state and returns no value when this occurs.

 If you try to add more than @ref QCBOR_MAX_ITEMS_IN_ARRAY items to a
 single array or map, @ref QCBOR_ERR_ARRAY_TOO_LONG will be returned
 when QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 An array itself must have a label if it is being added to a map.
 Note that array elements do not have labels (but map elements do).

 An array itself may be tagged by calling QCBOREncode_AddTag() before this call.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_OpenArray(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);

static void QCBOREncode_OpenArrayInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel);

static void QCBOREncode_OpenArrayInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,  int64_t nLabel);


/**
 @brief Close an open array.

 @param[in] pCtx The encoding context to close the array in.

 The closes an array opened by QCBOREncode_OpenArray(). It reduces
 nesting level by one. All arrays (and maps) must be closed before
 calling QCBOREncode_Finish().

 When an error occurs as a result of this call, the encoder records
 the error and enters the error state. The error will be returned when
 QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 If this has been called more times than QCBOREncode_OpenArray(), then
 @ref QCBOR_ERR_TOO_MANY_CLOSES will be returned when QCBOREncode_Finish()
 is called.

 If this is called and it is not an array that is currently open, @ref
 QCBOR_ERR_CLOSE_MISMATCH will be returned when QCBOREncode_Finish()
 is called.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_CloseArray(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);


/**
 @brief  Indicates that the next items added are in a map.

 @param[in] pCtx The encoding context to open the map in.

 See QCBOREncode_OpenArray() for more information, particularly error
 handling.

 CBOR maps are an aggregate type where each item in the map consists
 of a label and a value. They are similar to JSON objects.

 The value can be any CBOR type including another map.

 The label can also be any CBOR type, but in practice they are
 typically, integers as this gives the most compact output. They might
 also be text strings which gives readability and translation to JSON.

 Every @c QCBOREncode_AddXxx() call has one version that ends with @c
 InMap for adding items to maps with string labels and one that ends
 with @c InMapN that is for adding with integer labels.

 RFC 7049 uses the term "key" instead of "label".

 If you wish to use map labels that are neither integer labels nor
 text strings, then just call the QCBOREncode_AddXxx() function
 explicitly to add the label. Then call it again to add the value.

 See the [RFC 7049] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) for a lot
 more information on creating maps.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_OpenMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);

static void QCBOREncode_OpenMapInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel);

static void QCBOREncode_OpenMapInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel);



/**
 @brief Close an open map.

 @param[in] pCtx The encoding context to close the map in .

 This closes a map opened by QCBOREncode_OpenMap(). It reduces nesting
 level by one.

 When an error occurs as a result of this call, the encoder records
 the error and enters the error state. The error will be returned when
 QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 If this has been called more times than QCBOREncode_OpenMap(),
 then @ref QCBOR_ERR_TOO_MANY_CLOSES will be returned when
 QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 If this is called and it is not a map that is currently open, @ref
 QCBOR_ERR_CLOSE_MISMATCH will be returned when QCBOREncode_Finish()
 is called.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_CloseMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);


/**
 @brief Indicate start of encoded CBOR to be wrapped in a bstr.

 @param[in] pCtx The encoding context to open the bstr-wrapped CBOR in.

 All added encoded items between this call and a call to
 QCBOREncode_CloseBstrWrap2() will be wrapped in a bstr. They will
 appear in the final output as a byte string.  That byte string will
 contain encoded CBOR. This increases nesting level by one.

 The typical use case is for encoded CBOR that is to be
 cryptographically hashed, as part of a [RFC 8152, COSE]
 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8152) implementation.

 Using QCBOREncode_BstrWrap() and QCBOREncode_CloseBstrWrap2() avoids
 having to encode the items first in one buffer (e.g., the COSE
 payload) and then add that buffer as a bstr to another encoding
 (e.g. the COSE to-be-signed bytes, the @c Sig_structure) potentially
 halving the memory needed.

 RFC 7049 states the purpose of this wrapping is to prevent code
 relaying the signed data but not verifying it from tampering with the
 signed data thus making the signature unverifiable. It is also quite
 beneficial for the signature verification code. Standard CBOR
 decoders usually do not give access to partially decoded CBOR as
 would be needed to check the signature of some CBOR. With this
 wrapping, standard CBOR decoders can be used to get to all the data
 needed for a signature verification.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_BstrWrap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);

static void QCBOREncode_BstrWrapInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel);

static void QCBOREncode_BstrWrapInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel);


/**
 @brief Close a wrapping bstr.

 @param[in] pCtx              The encoding context to close of bstr wrapping in.
 @param[in] bIncludeCBORHead  Include the encoded CBOR head of the bstr
                              as well as the bytes in @c pWrappedCBOR.
 @param[out] pWrappedCBOR     A @ref UsefulBufC containing wrapped bytes.

 The closes a wrapping bstr opened by QCBOREncode_BstrWrap(). It reduces
 nesting level by one.

 A pointer and length of the enclosed encoded CBOR is returned in @c
 *pWrappedCBOR if it is not @c NULL. The main purpose of this is so
 this data can be hashed (e.g., with SHA-256) as part of a [RFC 8152,
 COSE] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8152)
 implementation. **WARNING**, this pointer and length should be used
 right away before any other calls to @c QCBOREncode_CloseXxx() as
 they will move data around and the pointer and length will no longer
 be to the correct encoded CBOR.

 When an error occurs as a result of this call, the encoder records
 the error and enters the error state. The error will be returned when
 QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 If this has been called more times than QCBOREncode_BstrWrap(), then
 @ref QCBOR_ERR_TOO_MANY_CLOSES will be returned when
 QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 If this is called and it is not a wrapping bstr that is currently
 open, @ref QCBOR_ERR_CLOSE_MISMATCH will be returned when
 QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.

 QCBOREncode_CloseBstrWrap() is a deprecated version of this function
 that is equivalent to the call with @c bIncludeCBORHead @c true.
 */
void QCBOREncode_CloseBstrWrap2(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, bool bIncludeCBORHead, UsefulBufC *pWrappedCBOR);

static void QCBOREncode_CloseBstrWrap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC *pWrappedCBOR);


/**
 @brief Add some already-encoded CBOR bytes.

 @param[in] pCtx     The encoding context to add the already-encode CBOR to.
 @param[in] Encoded  The already-encoded CBOR to add to the context.

 The encoded CBOR being added must be fully conforming CBOR. It must
 be complete with no arrays or maps that are incomplete. While this
 encoder doesn't ever produce indefinite lengths, it is OK for the
 raw CBOR added here to have indefinite lengths.

 The raw CBOR added here is not checked in anyway. If it is not
 conforming or has open arrays or such, the final encoded CBOR
 will probably be wrong or not what was intended.

 If the encoded CBOR being added here contains multiple items, they
 must be enclosed in a map or array. At the top level the raw
 CBOR must be a single data item.
 */
static void QCBOREncode_AddEncoded(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Encoded);

static void QCBOREncode_AddEncodedToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Encoded);

static void QCBOREncode_AddEncodedToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Encoded);


/**
 @brief Get the encoded result.

 @param[in] pCtx           The context to finish encoding with.
 @param[out] pEncodedCBOR  Pointer and length of encoded CBOR.

 @retval QCBOR_ERR_TOO_MANY_CLOSES         Nesting error

 @retval QCBOR_ERR_CLOSE_MISMATCH          Nesting error

 @retval QCBOR_ERR_ARRAY_OR_MAP_STILL_OPEN Nesting error

 @retval QCBOR_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE        Encoded output buffer size

 @retval QCBOR_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL        Encoded output buffer size

 @retval QCBOR_ERR_ARRAY_NESTING_TOO_DEEP  Implementation limit

 @retval QCBOR_ERR_ARRAY_TOO_LONG          Implementation limit

 If this returns success @ref QCBOR_SUCCESS the encoding was a success
 and the return length is correct and complete.

 If no buffer was passed to QCBOREncode_Init(), then only the length
 was computed. If a buffer was passed, then the encoded CBOR is in the
 buffer.

 Encoding errors primarily manifest here as most other encoding function
 do no return an error. They just set the error state in the encode
 context after which no encoding function does anything.

 Three types of errors manifest here. The first type are nesting
 errors where the number of @c QCBOREncode_OpenXxx() calls do not
 match the number @c QCBOREncode_CloseXxx() calls. The solution is to
 fix the calling code.

 The second type of error is because the buffer given is either too
 small or too large. The remedy is to give a correctly sized buffer.

 The third type are due to limits in this implementation.  @ref
 QCBOR_ERR_ARRAY_NESTING_TOO_DEEP can be worked around by encoding the
 CBOR in two (or more) phases and adding the CBOR from the first phase
 to the second with @c QCBOREncode_AddEncoded().

 If an error is returned, the buffer may have partially encoded
 incorrect CBOR in it and it should not be used. Likewise, the length
 may be incorrect and should not be used.

 Note that the error could have occurred in one of the many @c
 QCBOREncode_AddXxx() calls long before QCBOREncode_Finish() was
 called. This error handling reduces the CBOR implementation size but
 makes debugging harder.

 This may be called multiple times. It will always return the same. It
 can also be interleaved with calls to QCBOREncode_FinishGetSize().

 QCBOREncode_GetErrorState() can be called to get the current
 error state and abort encoding early as an optimization, but is
 is never required.
 */
QCBORError QCBOREncode_Finish(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC *pEncodedCBOR);


/**
 @brief Get the encoded CBOR and error status.

 @param[in] pCtx          The context to finish encoding with.
 @param[out] uEncodedLen  The length of the encoded or potentially
                          encoded CBOR in bytes.

 @return The same errors as QCBOREncode_Finish().

 This functions the same as QCBOREncode_Finish(), but only returns the
 size of the encoded output.
 */
QCBORError QCBOREncode_FinishGetSize(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, size_t *uEncodedLen);


/**
 @brief Indicate whether output buffer is NULL or not.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context.

 @return 1 if the output buffer is @c NULL.

 Sometimes a @c NULL input buffer is given to QCBOREncode_Init() so
 that the size of the generated CBOR can be calculated without
 allocating a buffer for it. This returns 1 when the output buffer is
 NULL and 0 when it is not.
*/
static int QCBOREncode_IsBufferNULL(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);

 /**
 @brief Get the encoding error state.

 @param[in] pCtx  The encoding context.

 @return One of @ref QCBORError. See return values from
         QCBOREncode_Finish()

 Normally encoding errors need only be handled at the end of encoding
 when QCBOREncode_Finish() is called. This can be called to get the
 error result before finish should there be a need to halt encoding
 before QCBOREncode_Finish() is called.
*/
static QCBORError QCBOREncode_GetErrorState(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx);


/**
 Encode the "head" of a CBOR data item.

 @param buffer       Buffer to output the encoded head to; must be
                     @ref QCBOR_HEAD_BUFFER_SIZE bytes in size.
 @param uMajorType   One of CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_XX.
 @param uMinLen      The minimum number of bytes to encode uNumber. Almost always
                     this is 0 to use preferred minimal encoding. If this is 4,
                     then even the values 0xffff and smaller will be encoded
                     as in 4 bytes. This is used primarily when encoding a
                     float or double put into uNumber as the leading zero bytes
                     for them must be encoded.
 @param uNumber      The numeric argument part of the CBOR head.
 @return             Pointer and length of the encoded head or
                     @NULLUsefulBufC if the output buffer is too small.

 Callers to need to call this for normal CBOR encoding. Note that it doesn't even
 take a @ref QCBOREncodeContext argument.

 This encodes the major type and argument part of a data item. The
 argument is an integer that is usually either the value or the length
 of the data item.

 This is exposed in the public interface to allow hashing of some CBOR
 data types, bstr in particular, a chunk at a time so the full CBOR
 doesn't have to be encoded in a contiguous buffer.

 For example, if you have a 100,000 byte binary blob in a buffer that
 needs to be a bstr encoded and then hashed. You could allocate a
 100,010 byte buffer and encode it normally. Alternatively, you can
 encode the head in a 10 byte buffer with this function, hash that and
 then hash the 100,000 bytes using the same hash context.

 See also QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnly();
 */
UsefulBufC QCBOREncode_EncodeHead(UsefulBuf buffer,
                                  uint8_t   uMajorType,
                                  uint8_t   uMinLen,
                                  uint64_t  uNumber);




/* ===========================================================================
 BEGINNING OF PRIVATE INLINE IMPLEMENTATION

 =========================================================================== */

/**
 @brief Semi-private method to add a buffer full of bytes to encoded output

 @param[in] pCtx       The encoding context to add the integer to.
 @param[in] uMajorType The CBOR major type of the bytes.
 @param[in] Bytes      The bytes to add.

 Use QCBOREncode_AddText() or QCBOREncode_AddBytes() or
 QCBOREncode_AddEncoded() instead. They are inline functions that call
 this and supply the correct major type. This function is public to
 make the inline functions work to keep the overall code size down and
 because the C language has no way to make it private.

 If this is called the major type should be @c
 CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_TEXT_STRING, @c CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_BYTE_STRING or @c
 CBOR_MAJOR_NONE_TYPE_RAW. The last one is special for adding
 already-encoded CBOR.
 */
void QCBOREncode_AddBuffer(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint8_t uMajorType, UsefulBufC Bytes);


/**
 @brief Semi-private method to open a map, array or bstr-wrapped CBOR

 @param[in] pCtx        The context to add to.
 @param[in] uMajorType  The major CBOR type to close

 Call QCBOREncode_OpenArray(), QCBOREncode_OpenMap() or
 QCBOREncode_BstrWrap() instead of this.
 */
void QCBOREncode_OpenMapOrArray(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint8_t uMajorType);


/**
 @brief Semi-private method to open a map, array with indefinite length

 @param[in] pCtx        The context to add to.
 @param[in] uMajorType  The major CBOR type to close

 Call QCBOREncode_OpenArrayIndefiniteLength() or
 QCBOREncode_OpenMapIndefiniteLength() instead of this.
 */
void QCBOREncode_OpenMapOrArrayIndefiniteLength(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint8_t uMajorType);


/**
 @brief Semi-private method to close a map, array or bstr wrapped CBOR

 @param[in] pCtx           The context to add to.
 @param[in] uMajorType     The major CBOR type to close.

 Call QCBOREncode_CloseArray() or QCBOREncode_CloseMap() instead of this.
 */
void QCBOREncode_CloseMapOrArray(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint8_t uMajorType);


/**
 @brief Semi-private method to close a map, array with indefinite length

 @param[in] pCtx           The context to add to.
 @param[in] uMajorType     The major CBOR type to close.

 Call QCBOREncode_CloseArrayIndefiniteLength() or
 QCBOREncode_CloseMapIndefiniteLength() instead of this.
 */
void QCBOREncode_CloseMapOrArrayIndefiniteLength(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                 uint8_t uMajorType);


/**
 @brief  Semi-private method to add simple types.

 @param[in] pCtx     The encoding context to add the simple value to.
 @param[in] uMinLen  Minimum encoding size for uNum. Usually 0.
 @param[in] uNum     One of CBOR_SIMPLEV_FALSE through _UNDEF or other.

 This is used to add simple types like true and false.

 Call QCBOREncode_AddBool(), QCBOREncode_AddNULL(),
 QCBOREncode_AddUndef() instead of this.

 This function can add simple values that are not defined by CBOR
 yet. This expansion point in CBOR should not be used unless they are
 standardized.

 Error handling is the same as QCBOREncode_AddInt64().
 */
void  QCBOREncode_AddType7(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint8_t uMinLen, uint64_t uNum);


/**
 @brief  Semi-private method to add bigfloats and decimal fractions.

 @param[in] pCtx             The encoding context to add the value to.
 @param[in] uTag             The type 6 tag indicating what this is to be
 @param[in] BigNumMantissa   Is @ref NULLUsefulBufC if mantissa is an
                             @c int64_t or the actual big number mantissa
                             if not.
 @param[in] nMantissa        The @c int64_t mantissa if it is not a big number.
 @param[in] nExponent        The exponent.

 This adds a tagged array with two members, the mantissa and exponent. The
 mantissa can be either a big number or an @c int64_t.

 Typically, QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFraction(), QCBOREncode_AddBigFloat(),
 QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNum() or QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNum()
 is called instead of this.
 */
void QCBOREncode_AddExponentAndMantissa(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                        uint64_t            uTag,
                                        UsefulBufC          BigNumMantissa,
                                        bool                bBigNumIsNegative,
                                        int64_t             nMantissa,
                                        int64_t             nExponent);

/**
 @brief Semi-private method to add only the type and length of a byte string.

 @param[in] pCtx    The context to initialize.
 @param[in] Bytes   Pointer and length of the input data.

 This is the same as QCBOREncode_AddBytes() except it only adds the
 CBOR encoding for the type and the length. It doesn't actually add
 the bytes. You can't actually produce correct CBOR with this and the
 rest of this API. It is only used for a special case where
 the valid CBOR is created manually by putting this type and length in
 and then adding the actual bytes. In particular, when only a hash of
 the encoded CBOR is needed, where the type and header are hashed
 separately and then the bytes is hashed. This makes it possible to
 implement COSE Sign1 with only one copy of the payload in the output
 buffer, rather than two, roughly cutting memory use in half.

 This is only used for this odd case, but this is a supported
 tested function.

 See also QCBOREncode_EncodeHead().
*/
static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnly(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnlyToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnlyToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes);





static inline void QCBOREncode_AddInt64ToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, int64_t uNum)
{
   // Use _AddBuffer() because _AddSZString() is defined below, not above
   QCBOREncode_AddBuffer(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_TEXT_STRING, UsefulBuf_FromSZ(szLabel));
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, uNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddInt64ToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, int64_t uNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, uNum);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddUInt64ToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, uint64_t uNum)
{
   // Use _AddBuffer() because _AddSZString() is defined below, not above
   QCBOREncode_AddBuffer(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_TEXT_STRING, UsefulBuf_FromSZ(szLabel));
   QCBOREncode_AddUInt64(pCtx, uNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddUInt64ToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, uint64_t uNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddUInt64(pCtx, uNum);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddText(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddBuffer(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_TEXT_STRING, Text);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddTextToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Text)
{
   // Use _AddBuffer() because _AddSZString() is defined below, not above
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, UsefulBuf_FromSZ(szLabel));
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, Text);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddTextToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, Text);
}


inline static void QCBOREncode_AddSZString(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szString)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, UsefulBuf_FromSZ(szString));
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddSZStringToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, const char *szString)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szString);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddSZStringToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, const char *szString)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szString);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, double dNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDouble(pCtx, dNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, double dNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDouble(pCtx, dNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddFloatToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, float dNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddFloat(pCtx, dNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddFloatToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, float fNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddFloat(pCtx, fNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferredToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, double dNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred(pCtx, dNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferredToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, double dNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDoubleNoPreferred(pCtx, dNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferredToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, float dNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferred(pCtx, dNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferredToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, float dNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddFloatNoPreferred(pCtx, dNum);
}



static inline void QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpoch(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint8_t uTag, int64_t date)
{
   if(uTag == QCBOR_ENCODE_AS_TAG) {
      QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_DATE_EPOCH);
   }
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, date);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpochToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, uint8_t uTag, int64_t date)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpoch(pCtx, uTag, date);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpochToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, uint8_t uTag, int64_t date)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpoch(pCtx, uTag, date);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDateEpoch(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t date)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTDateEpoch(pCtx, QCBOR_ENCODE_AS_TAG, date);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDateEpochToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, int64_t date)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDateEpoch(pCtx, date);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDateEpochToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, int64_t date)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDateEpoch(pCtx, date);
}



static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytes(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddBuffer(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_BYTE_STRING, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnly(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
    QCBOREncode_AddBuffer(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_NONE_TYPE_BSTR_LEN_ONLY, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnlyToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
    QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
    QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnly(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnlyToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
    QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
    QCBOREncode_AddBytesLenOnly(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBinaryUUID(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_BIN_UUID);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBinaryUUIDToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_BIN_UUID);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBinaryUUIDToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_BIN_UUID);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_POS_BIGNUM);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_POS_BIGNUM);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddPositiveBignumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_POS_BIGNUM);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddNegativeBignum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_NEG_BIGNUM);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddNegativeBignumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_NEG_BIGNUM);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddNegativeBignumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_NEG_BIGNUM);
   QCBOREncode_AddBytes(pCtx, Bytes);
}


#ifndef QCBOR_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXP_AND_MANTISSA

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFraction(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                  int64_t             nMantissa,
                                                  int64_t             nBase10Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddExponentAndMantissa(pCtx,
                                      CBOR_TAG_DECIMAL_FRACTION,
                                      NULLUsefulBufC,
                                      false,
                                      nMantissa,
                                      nBase10Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                       const char         *szLabel,
                                                       int64_t             nMantissa,
                                                       int64_t             nBase10Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFraction(pCtx, nMantissa, nBase10Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                        int64_t             nLabel,
                                                        int64_t             nMantissa,
                                                        int64_t             nBase10Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFraction(pCtx, nMantissa, nBase10Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                        UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                        bool                bIsNegative,
                                                        int64_t             nBase10Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddExponentAndMantissa(pCtx,
                                      CBOR_TAG_DECIMAL_FRACTION,
                                      Mantissa, bIsNegative,
                                      0,
                                      nBase10Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                             const char         *szLabel,
                                                             UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                             bool                bIsNegative,
                                                             int64_t             nBase10Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNum(pCtx, Mantissa, bIsNegative, nBase10Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                              int64_t             nLabel,
                                                              UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                              bool                bIsNegative,
                                                              int64_t             nBase2Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddDecimalFractionBigNum(pCtx, Mantissa, bIsNegative, nBase2Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloat(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                           int64_t             nMantissa,
                                           int64_t             nBase2Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddExponentAndMantissa(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_BIGFLOAT, NULLUsefulBufC, false, nMantissa, nBase2Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                const char         *szLabel,
                                                int64_t             nMantissa,
                                                int64_t             nBase2Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBigFloat(pCtx, nMantissa, nBase2Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                 int64_t             nLabel,
                                                 int64_t             nMantissa,
                                                 int64_t             nBase2Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBigFloat(pCtx, nMantissa, nBase2Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNum(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                 UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                 bool                bIsNegative,
                                                 int64_t             nBase2Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddExponentAndMantissa(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_BIGFLOAT, Mantissa, bIsNegative, 0, nBase2Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNumToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                      const char         *szLabel,
                                                      UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                      bool                bIsNegative,
                                                      int64_t             nBase2Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNum(pCtx, Mantissa, bIsNegative, nBase2Exponent);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNumToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,
                                                       int64_t             nLabel,
                                                       UsefulBufC          Mantissa,
                                                       bool                bIsNegative,
                                                       int64_t             nBase2Exponent)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBigFloatBigNum(pCtx, Mantissa, bIsNegative, nBase2Exponent);
}
#endif /* QCBOR_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXP_AND_MANTISSA */


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddURI(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC URI)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_URI);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, URI);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddURIToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC URI)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_URI);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, URI);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddURIToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC URI)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_URI);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, URI);
}



static inline void QCBOREncode_AddB64Text(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC B64Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_B64);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, B64Text);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddB64TextToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_B64);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, B64Text);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddB64TextToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_B64);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, B64Text);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddB64URLText(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC B64Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_B64URL);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, B64Text);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddB64URLTextToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_B64URL);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, B64Text);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddB64URLTextToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC B64Text)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_B64URL);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, B64Text);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddRegex(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_REGEX);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddRegexToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_REGEX);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, Bytes);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddRegexToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Bytes)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_REGEX);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, Bytes);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddMIMEData(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC MIMEData)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_MIME);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, MIMEData);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddMIMEDataToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC MIMEData)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_MIME);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, MIMEData);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddMIMEDataToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC MIMEData)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_MIME);
   QCBOREncode_AddText(pCtx, MIMEData);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDateString(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szDate)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_DATE_STRING);
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szDate);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDateStringToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, const char *szDate)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_DATE_STRING);
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szDate);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddDateStringToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, const char *szDate)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddTag(pCtx, CBOR_TAG_DATE_STRING);
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szDate);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddSimple(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, uint64_t uNum)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddType7(pCtx, 0, uNum);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddSimpleToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, uint8_t uSimple)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddSimple(pCtx, uSimple);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddSimpleToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int nLabel, uint8_t uSimple)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddSimple(pCtx, uSimple);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBool(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, bool b)
{
   uint8_t uSimple = CBOR_SIMPLEV_FALSE;
   if(b) {
      uSimple = CBOR_SIMPLEV_TRUE;
   }
   QCBOREncode_AddSimple(pCtx, uSimple);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBoolToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, bool b)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBool(pCtx, b);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddBoolToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, bool b)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddBool(pCtx, b);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddNULL(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSimple(pCtx, CBOR_SIMPLEV_NULL);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddNULLToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddNULL(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddNULLToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddNULL(pCtx);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddUndef(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSimple(pCtx, CBOR_SIMPLEV_UNDEF);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddUndefToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddUndef(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddUndefToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddUndef(pCtx);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenArray(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_OpenMapOrArray(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_ARRAY);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenArrayInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenArray(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenArrayInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,  int64_t nLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenArray(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_CloseArray(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_CloseMapOrArray(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_ARRAY);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_OpenMapOrArray(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_MAP);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenMapInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenMap(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenMapInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenMap(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_CloseMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_CloseMapOrArray(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_MAP);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenArrayIndefiniteLength(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_OpenMapOrArrayIndefiniteLength(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_NONE_TYPE_ARRAY_INDEFINITE_LEN);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenArrayIndefiniteLengthInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenArrayIndefiniteLength(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenArrayIndefiniteLengthInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx,  int64_t nLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenArrayIndefiniteLength(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_CloseArrayIndefiniteLength(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_CloseMapOrArrayIndefiniteLength(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_NONE_TYPE_ARRAY_INDEFINITE_LEN);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenMapIndefiniteLength(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_OpenMapOrArrayIndefiniteLength(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_NONE_TYPE_MAP_INDEFINITE_LEN);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenMapIndefiniteLengthInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenMapIndefiniteLength(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_OpenMapIndefiniteLengthInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_OpenMapIndefiniteLength(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_CloseMapIndefiniteLength(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_CloseMapOrArrayIndefiniteLength(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_NONE_TYPE_MAP_INDEFINITE_LEN);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_BstrWrap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   QCBOREncode_OpenMapOrArray(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_TYPE_BYTE_STRING);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_BstrWrapInMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_BstrWrap(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_BstrWrapInMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_BstrWrap(pCtx);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_CloseBstrWrap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC *pWrappedCBOR)
{
   QCBOREncode_CloseBstrWrap2(pCtx, true, pWrappedCBOR);
}


static inline void QCBOREncode_AddEncoded(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, UsefulBufC Encoded)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddBuffer(pCtx, CBOR_MAJOR_NONE_TYPE_RAW, Encoded);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddEncodedToMap(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, const char *szLabel, UsefulBufC Encoded)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddSZString(pCtx, szLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddEncoded(pCtx, Encoded);
}

static inline void QCBOREncode_AddEncodedToMapN(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx, int64_t nLabel, UsefulBufC Encoded)
{
   QCBOREncode_AddInt64(pCtx, nLabel);
   QCBOREncode_AddEncoded(pCtx, Encoded);
}


static inline int QCBOREncode_IsBufferNULL(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   return UsefulOutBuf_IsBufferNULL(&(pCtx->OutBuf));
}

static inline QCBORError QCBOREncode_GetErrorState(QCBOREncodeContext *pCtx)
{
   if(UsefulOutBuf_GetError(&(pCtx->OutBuf))) {
      // Items didn't fit in the buffer.
      // This check catches this condition for all the appends and inserts
      // so checks aren't needed when the appends and inserts are performed.
      // And of course UsefulBuf will never overrun the input buffer given
      // to it. No complex analysis of the error handling in this file is
      // needed to know that is true. Just read the UsefulBuf code.
      pCtx->uError = QCBOR_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
      // QCBOR_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL masks other errors, but that is
      // OK. Once the caller fixes this, they'll be unmasked.
   }

   return (QCBORError)pCtx->uError;
}


/* ===========================================================================
 END OF PRIVATE INLINE IMPLEMENTATION

 =========================================================================== */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* qcbor_encode_h */